: M 16 M 







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THE 

CONDITION OF GREECE. 

IN 1827 AND 1828; 

BEING 

\N EXPOSITION OF THE POVERTY, DISTRESS, AND MISERY 
TO WHICH THE INHABITANTS HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 
THE DESTRUCTION OF THEIR TOWNS AND VIL- 
LAGES, AND THE RAVAGES OF THEIR COUN- 
TRY, BY A MERCILESS TURKISH FOE. 



/ 

By Col. JONATHAN P. MILLER, 

OF VERMONT. 



AS CONTAINED IN HIS JOURNAL. 

Kept by order of the Executive Greek Committee of the City of New- York 
commencing with his departure from that place in the ship Chancellor 
March, 1827, and terminating with his return in May, 1828; during which 
time he visited Greece, and acted as Principal Agent in the distribution 
of the several cargoes of Clothing and Provisions sent from the United 
States to the old men, women, children, and non-combatants of Greece. 



Emfitlttsfiett tottii plates. 



NEW- YORK : 
PRINTED BIT J. & J. HARPER, §2 CUFF-ST. 

1838. 




ru™^' vS.xl„r,Kn XWH;,V 



fl" rrrrj-nj rJTni :n " 1 Collins & Haimay NewYorfc. 



Fnm r/te latest a?k best . Xuth 



Southern District of New- York, ss. 

HE IT REMEMBERED, That on the 4th day of August,, A. O. 1828, in the 
■ifty-third year of the Independence of the United States of America, J. P^ 
MILLER, of the said district, hath deposited in this office the title of a book,, 
ihe right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit : — 
£ "The Condition of Greeee in 1827, and 1828; being an Exposition of the 
poverty, distress, and misery, to which the inhabitants have been reducod by 
the destruction of their towns and villages, and the ravages of their country, 
by a merciless Turkish foe. By Jonathan P Miller As contained in his 
Journal, kept by order of the Executive Greek Committee of the City of 
New- York ; commencing with his departure from that place in the Ship Chan- 
cellor, March 1 827, and terminating with his return in May 1828 ; during which 
time he visited Greece, and acted as Principal Agent, in the distribution of the 
several cargoes of clothing and provisions, sent from the United States to the 
old men, women, children, and non-combatants of Greeee." 

Is conformity to the Act of Congress of the United States, entitled " An 
Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of £Viaps 4 
i3 harts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the 
times therein mentioned :" and also to an Act, entitled " An Act, supple- 
mentary to an Act, entitled An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by 
securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprie- 
tors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the 
'*snefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical ana 
ofhet prints." 

FRED. J. BETTS, 
Clerk of the Southern District of New-Yorfc* 









TO THE READER. 



On my departure from America for Greece, I 
had no idea of becoming an author. What I now 
present, was prepared in conformity to my instruc- 
tions, from the Executive Greek Committee of 
New-York. On my return, it was submitted to 
their consideration, and they were pleased to re- 
commend its publication, as most likely to give 
satisfaction to those who have contributed to the 
relief of a suffering people. It has nothing to 
recommend it hut truth, and an impartial statement 
of what I have seen, and heard, and done. I sub- 
mit it to the public in the form ol a diary or jour- 
nal, presenting the facts and circumstances as they 
occurred. 

J. P. MILLER. 



" Mr. J. P. Miller, New-York, June bill, 1328 

" Dear Sir, — I have read with interest the Journal of 
your transactions, during the fifteen months last past, 
and while you was engaged as Agent in distributing 
the clothing and provisions sent from this country to 
the suffering inhabitants of Greece. It is a performance 
creditable to yourself and to all concerned, and 1 think 
will bear publication, and must give satisfaction to all 
who have contributed to the Greek fund. Lest, how- 
ever, I may be carried away by enthusiastic feelings in 
favour of the emancipation of Greece, both political 
and religious, you had better submit it to the Greek 
Committee. I am respectfully yours, &c. 

SAMUEL AKERLY, 
Secretary of the Greek Committee"' 

In accordance with Dr. Akerly's recommendation, the manuscript 
was laid before the Greek Committee on the 7th June, and referred t© 
a sub-committee for examination. At the next meeting of the Com- 
mittee on the 14th June, the following preamble and resolutions were 
reported and accepted. 

" Mr. J. P. M iller having returned from Greece, and 
submitted to this Committee, as successors of the former 
Greek Committee, the Journal (which he had kept by 
their order,) of his voyage, and of the distribution of 
the provisions and clothing sent from this country to the 
non-combatants of Greece, and having requested advice 
concerning the publication of the same, whereupon 

" Resolved, That the publication of the said Journal, 
with the discreet omission of such parts as may detail 
barbarities too shocking to be related, must, in their 
judgment, be interesting to the Contributors to the 
former Greek fund, and to the Public, who may feel a 
just pride and pleasure in reading the history of a 
charity that reflects so much honour upon our country. 

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Committee* 
the thanks of all the friends of Greece in this country 
are due to Mr. Miller, for his generous services in the 
cause ; and that if he should conclude to publish his 
Journal, that the same be recommended to the attention 
of the Public- Respectfully submitted, 

WILLIAM MAXWELL. 
ROBERT SEDGWICK," 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Invitation to Mr. Miller to go as Agent to Greece. ........ © 

His Acceptance, and Arrival in New- York 10 

Letter of Instructions 11 

Bill of Lading of the Ship Chancellor 15 

Embarkation, and Departure from New- York 16 

Danger of Shipwreck. ib. 

Put back to repair Damages 18 

Again at Sea . 19 

Arrival at Gibraltar < 20 

Write to the Greek Committee from Gibraltar. 22 

Leave Gibraltar. 25 

Look in at Messina in Sicily 26 

Heave-to off Syracuse, to look for Capt. Patterson ib. 

Letter to Capt. Patterson . 27 

Danger of Capture from a Turkish Frigate 29 

Arrival at Napoli di Romania. , 30 

Visit U. S. Frigate Constitution, and call on the Government 

of Napoli... 32 

Discharge part of the Cargo at Napoli di Romania 33 

Letter from the Government 35 

Authorize Dr. Howe to act at Napoli 36 

Proceed to the Island of Poros 37 

Tribute to the Officers of the Constitution ib. 

Censure upon an Officer of the TJ. S. Ship Erie ib. 

Letter to the Government of Greece 39 

A noble Grecian 41 

Companions in Greece 42 

Discharge the remainder of the Cargo at Poros. . . ib. 

The Chiefs attempt to seize the Flour at Napoli. 45 

Women and Children relieved. 46 

Information from Dr. Howe. Plan of Distribution. ....... 47 

Leave Poros, and go to Napoli 48 

Return to Poros. Censure on a Donor 49 

Fall of Athens, June 5, 1827 , 5® 

Letter of Thanks from the aged and learned Bishop of Tal- 

lanti. .,..,' ..,.......,,,. 55 



6 



CONTORTS. 



Page 

Informed of many distressed Families 52 

Distribute to a Multitude in Distress, . . 54 

A beautiful Athenian 55 

Difficulties in distributing 56 

More distressed Families. Supply the Hospital, 57 

Civil War at Napoli. Col. Fabvier 59 

Bravery of a deaf and dumb Soldier 6# 

An aged Priest relieved. Hear from Dr. Howe .......... 61 

Reflections on the Misery of the People. 62 

Sick from Fatigue and Exposure. Hear from Corinth ..... 63 

A Priest refused. Threatened by the Soldiers.. 64 

Col. Fabvier refused , 65 

Distribute to nearly two thousand Souls 66 

Blessing from a sick Woman. Send Provisions to Egina. . . 67 

Letter to the Primates of the Island of Egina. 68 

Adopt an Orphan Boy 69 

Protect a Boy in Danger 70 

U. S. Ship Warren and Officers. Shocking Barbarity. *. . . 71 

More Cruelties. 8 72 

Developement about the protected Boy 73 

"Increased Distress at Corinth. A Polander in Distress. ... 75 

Cargo of the Tontine from Philadelphia sold 76 

Distribution at Egina . . 79 

Send Rice to the Island of Crete, or Oandia 81 

Hear from Gen. Jarvis, and his Distributions at Cenchrea. . 8$ 

The Pirates increase. A personal Affair. . . 83 

Fourth of July, 1827, in Greece 85 

Another Vessel with Supplies from New- York ib. 

Send Provisions tt» Epidaurus. 87 

Discharge the Cargo of the Six Brothers at Poros. ........ 88 

Send Provisions to Ma in a. Go to Ankistri and Epidaurus. 89 

Misery at Ankistri ... • • 90 

Adopt a little Girl. 91 

Distribution at Epidaurus . 92 

Reflections on leaving Epidaurus. Eeturn to Egina. .. • ... 95 

Report of the Civil War at Napoli. 96 

Leave Egina, and return to Poros 97 

Farther Distribution at Poros • 98 

Send Relief to Salamis. 99 

Send Provisions to Methana * 101 

Send other Stores for Distribution at Egina 102 

Send Provisions to Peada and Ligurio 105 

British Frigate Cambrian 106 

Letter from a Female 109 

A Vessel from Philadelphia with Provision Ill 

Discharge the Cargo at Poros. Instructions 112 

A Vessel from Boston with Provisions 116 



CONTENTS. / 

Page 
Instructions From the Gr. Com. of Boston ..............*. 117 

The brave Capt. Stykos relieved ...•• 121 

Petroni Bay. — Robbed of flour at Napoli 122 

Remonstrance to Government . . . . • 124 

Sell provisions to the Navy 131 

An American vessel robbed by Pirates , . . . ib. 

Prepare to establish an hospital at Poros 132 

News of the battle of Navarino ib. 

An oration on the victory 133 

Particulars of tae battle. — Great distress in Maina ...... 134 

Mr. Stuyvesant's departure for the U. States 135 

Mr. Stuyvesant returns. — Another vessel from N.York.. 136 

Letter from the Gr. Com,.... 137 

Send orphan children to America 149 

Dr. Howe & Mr. Stuyvesant depart for the U. States. . .. 141 

fiefuse a request from Grivas' Surgeon •• 142 

Nota Botzaris 143 

Clothing by the last vessel, the Jane, well assorted 145 

Thousands of poor 146 

Hospital dedicated * 147 

A boat's crew robbed by the pirates 149 

Threaten Petroni Bay 151 

The American Hospital 152 

A brave American. — Women in distress 153 

Send provisions to Maina • • 1 54 

Agreeable change 156 

Anarchy in Greece 157 

Send provisions to the island of Calamos 15S 

A brave American Negro . . 160 

The Government in disorder.... 161 

Prisoners released 1 62 

Prepare to leave Greece 163 

The Rev. Mr. Wolfe, the Jew Missionary. 165 

Provisions returned from Calamos 166 

An unprincipled Greek ... 167 

Conclude to embark in the expedition to Scio ............. 168 

Decline a passage in the Cambrian 16$ 

disappointed in the voyage to Scio 170 

Opinions about the Hellas ib. 

Take another orphan boy 171 

Go on board the Cambrian. — Temple of Neptune. 172 

Count Capo D'Istrias on his way to Greece 173 

Leave the Cambrian and go on shore at Milo. 174 

Military aid for Greece on its way. 175 

Leave Milo for Cephalonia. .... .. 17€ 

Chased by a pirate and escaped 177 

Obliged to run into Navarino to avoid a storm ............ 178 



& CONTENTS. 

Page 

Leave Navarino and encounter another storm 179 

Arrive at Cephalonia. « . 180 

Perform quarantine there 181 

Mr. Wolfe on the coming of the Messiah . . • ifa. 

Opinions concerning Gen. Church and Lord Cochrane 182 

Information from Scio. — Coi. C. Napier • 183 

Mr. Wolfe addresses the Jews • . . . . 184 

Released from quarantine 185 

British frigate Cambrian lost 186 

Post Office in the Ionian islands. . . 187 

Leave Cephalonia for Corfu 188 

Sir Fred. Adam.— Island of Corfu 189 

Gov. ef the Ionian islands. « , 190 

Leave Corfu and embark for Gibraltar. — Arrive at Malta. . . 191 
Part with the Rev. Mr. Wolfe.— Leave Malta for U. States. 193 

Arrive at Salem in Mass # ib. 

Conclusion » . 195 

Appendix No. 1. Dr. Howe's 1st Report to Mr. Miller. ..... 199 

Do. 2. " 2d do. do 214 

Do. 3. Gen. Jarvis, do. do 228 

Do. 4. Dr. Howe's 3d do. do 232. 

Do. 5. Mr. Stuyvesant's report to Gr. Com. .... 234 
Do. 6. Mr. Post's do. do. .... 242 

Additional notes. • 250 

Report of the Exec. Gr. Com. of 1827 266 

List of Donors and Donations to Gr. fund of 1827 275 



CONDITION OF GREECE, &c 



Invitation to go to Greece. 
Lynde Catkin to J. P. Miller. 

New-York, 9th Feb. 182V. 

Dear Sir — The Executive Greek Committee 
jf the City of New-York are about despatching a 
vessel laden with about two thousand barrels, as a 
donation to the suffering women, children, old men., 
and non-combatants of Greece. The Committee 
are extremely desirous that this donation should be 
applied in the most judicious manner, for the relief 
of the interesting objects of charity for which it has 
been raised, and they have been advised that in order 
to ensure such application, it should be accompanied 
by an agent to attend personally to its distribution* 

You have been named as a very suitable person 
to undertake such an agency ; and the Committee 
only regret their inability to offer you any thing; 
like an adequate compensation for assuming such 
a trust ; but if your private arrangements will allow 
you to leave the country at a small compensation 
exceeding your expenses, the Committee would be 
pleased to engage you, and have you repair to this' 
city without loss of time. It is impossible to be 
more particular at present, but the Committee will 
communicate more freely on your arrival here. 

In behalf of the Executive Greek Committee, 
I have the honour to be your obed't. serrt 
LYNDE CATLIN, CMt 
S 



10 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

J. P. Miller in reply to Mr* Catlin, ac- 
cepting INVITATION. 

Montpelier, Vermont, Feb. 22, 1827. 

Dear Sir — I have this moment received your 
letter of the 9th inst. and shall lose no time in an- 
swering it. I am exceedingly sorry that it is not in 
my power to offer my services gratuitously to your 
Committee. I am poor, but a sense of duty shall 
prevail. I do therefore most cheerfully accept of 
your invitation, and will repair to New- York as 
soon as possible. 

Wishing your Committee all success in their truly 
Christian-like exertions, I subscribe myself, with 
3ue respect, your obed't. serv't. 

J. P. MILLER. 

Jlrrival in New York. 

I arrived in the city of New- York on Monday 
evening, 6th March, 1827, and immediately called 
upon Mr. Catlin, Chairman of the Committee, who 
introduced me to the other members. The Com- 
mittee informed me that the ship Chancellor, 
George Barker, master, was nearly ready for sea, 
and that they wished me at the shortest notice to 
be ready to go on board, as their agent, to super- 
intend the distribution of her cargo among the des- 
titute non-combatants in Greece. On Wednesday 
evening following I again met the Committee at 
the City-Hall, and was introduced to Lieut. Car- 
penter, of the United States Navy, whom they in- 
tended sending as their agent in the next vessel to 
be despatched with supplies from New- York to the 
suffering Greeks, 






CONDITION OP GREECE. 11 



COMMENCEMENT OF THE JOURNAL. 



March 8, 1827. — I received this morning from 
the Greek Committee of New-York, the following 

INSTRUCTIONS. 

New-York, March 8, 1827. 

Mr* Jonathan F. Miller, 

Sir — The Executive Committee for the relief of 
the Greeks, in the city of New-York, having ap~ 
pointed you their agent for the distribution of the 
provisions and clothing, composing the cargo of the 
ship Chancellor, Barker, master, now lying in the 
port of New- York, herewith enclose a copy of the 
invoice and bill of lading of said cargo, and beg 
leave to call your attention to the following instruc* 
tions. 

You are aware that this cargo is the result of 
contributions made by benevolent individuals and 
associations in this country. These contributions 
have been received by the Executive Committee, 
under the distinct pledge, that their best exertions 
should be used to appropriate them, without dimi- 
nution or abatement, to the sole object of feeding 
and clothing the necessitous inhabitants of Greece. 
As it is not the object of the Executive Cpmmittee 
to take any part in the controversy between the 
Greeks and Turks, these provisions and clothing 
are not designed to supply the garrisons of the 
former^ but are intended for the relief of the 



It CONDITION OF GREECE. 

women, children, and old men, non-combatants of 
Greece. 

Believing that the donations intrusted to their 
care would not reach the objects for whose reliet 
they were made; without an agent of known intel- 
ligence and fidelity to superintend, as far as practi- 
cable, their distribution, the Executive Committee, 
relying upon your knowledge of the country of 
Greece, and your intimate acquaintance with the 
condition of its inhabitants, derived from many 
months residence among them, and, above all, upon 
the highly honourable testimonials to your private 
worth, which they have received, have deputed you 
to the execution of this high trust. 

The Chancellor has cleared for the port of Na- 
poli di Romania, because it is believed this port 
would be found, on the arrival of the ship, in pos- 
session of the Greeks, and that, by landing the 
cargo there, superior facilities would be afforded 
to its distribution, agreeably to the wishes of the 
Committee. Should it appear, however, from in- 
formation you may receive on your passage out, at 
any of the intermediate ports at which the ship may 
touch for information or refreshment, that these ob- 
jects would not be best answered by making the 
port of Napoli di Romania the port of discharge, 
you are at liberty to alter her destination to any 
other port in the Morea, or Grecian Islands, where 
the cargo can most easily be distributed among the 
destitute women, children, and old men, and all 
other Grecians not actually engaged in the war. 

Captain Barker will, under your direction, touch 
at Cerigo, Hydra, or any other place or places that 
you may designate as the most suitable for acquiring 
information relative to the object of your mission 






CONDITION OP GREECE. IS 

On arrival at your port of discharge, you will 
Immediately, if practicable, consult with our coun- 
trymen, Dr. Howe and Mr. Jarvis, and such other 
individuals of known intelligence and fidelity to the 
cause of liberty in Greece, as may be within your 
reach, upon the most feasible mode of distribution, 
in conformity with the views of the committee ; and 
after such consultation, you will proceed without 
delay to the distribution, giving to it as much of 
your personal attention as is practicable. You will 
of course avail yourself of every facility the exist- 
ing government of Greece may be disposed to lend 
you in the execution of your trust ; but it is recom- 
mended to you to preserve at all times, if practi- 
cable, a controlling influence over the property in- 
trusted to your care, until it reach the sufferers for 
whose relief it was designed* The Committee are 
aware that you may find it difficult to pursue, in 
the distribution of these provisions and clothing, 
that distinction which might commend itself to the 
fastidious observers of national neutrality, but they 
do not wish to limit your discretion by any thing 
beyond reasonable diligence. 

The Committee would impress upon you the im- 
portance of keeping a detailed account of all your 
proceedings, after your departure from this port 
noting the plans adopted by you, the advice re- 
ceived, and the agents you may find it necessary to 
employ ; this request is made with the more ear- 
nestness, as the Committee are desirous of laying 
before the donors who have intrusted to them the 
sacred fund for the relief of a suffering people, a 
minute account of the mode of its distribution. 

As the Executive Committee expect to despatch 
a second cargo of provisions to Greece within a few 
B2 



14 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

Jays, they have to request that you will remain in 
that country until further advised by them ; and m 
the mean time they hope to receive intelligence 
from you by every opportunity for communication, 
Wishing you entire success in the discharge of 
the interesting and important trust which you have 
nobly assumed, and hoping that your voyage may 
be as pleasant as its object is benevolent, the Exe- 
cutive Committee have the honour to subscribe 
themselves* most respectfully, 

Your obedient Servants, 
(Signed) Lynde Catlin, 
Stephen Allen ?/ 
Preserved Fish, 
Peter Sharpe, 
George Griswold, )>'g 
James L Jones, 
Fred'k. Sheldon, 
F. Vandenburg, 
Hiram Ketchum, 

March 9, 1827. — This morning I received from 
die hands of George Griswold, a copy of the Ar- 
ticles of Agreement with the owner of the ship 
Chancellor, an invoice of the cargo, and a bill oi 
lading. 

Articles of Agreement, 
Between George Griswold and Preserved Fish, on 
the part of the Executive Greek Committee oi 
New-York, and Silas Holmes, owner of the ship 
Chancellor. 

It is agreed between Sila$ Holmes, owner of the 
ship Chancellor, and George Griswold and Pre- 
served Fish, shippers of the within mentioned 



CONDITION OF GREECE. IS 

cargo, that Captain Barker is to touch at one or 
more places (in addition to Napoli di Romania,) as 
the agent and consignee may direct, for the pur- 
pose of safe delivery of said cargo to the Greeks, 
It is further agreed that the shippers of the cargo 
are to pay such port charges as may be exacted by 
the governments at the different ports at which she 
touches for the purpose of receiving orders and de- 
livering the cargo. 

GEORGE GRISWOUX 
PRESERVED FISH, 
SILAS HOLMES, 

New-York, Sth March, 1827. 

Bill of Lading. 
Shipped, in good order and well conditioned, by 
Preserved Fish and George Griswokl, on board the 
ship called the Chancellor, whereof Barker is 
master, now lying at the port of New-York, and 
bound for Napoli di Romania, to say :-— One hun- 
dred and fifty-four casks of rice, three hundred and 
fifty-six barrels of Indian meal, nine hundred and 
thirty-eight barrels of flour, two hundred and five 
half barrels of flour, seven casks of corn, four hun- 
dred and ten barrels of bread, fifty half barrels of 
bread, twenty-one barrels and one half barrel oi 
salted provisions, three casks of hams, twenty-two 
boxes and bales of dry goods and wearing apparel. 
&c. ; for account of citizens of the United States. 
Invoice endorsed by me, being marked and num- 
bered as in the margin, and are to be delivered in 
the like order and condition at the port of Napoli 
di Romania and such other ports as the agent may- 
direct, the dangers of the seas only excepted, unto 
Mr. Jonathan P. Miller, or to his assigns, he or 



16 GONBITXON OF GREECE. 

they paying freight for the said goods, nothing, the 
same having been paid in New- York before sailing, 
with average accustomed.* 

In witness whereof, the master of the said vessel 
or purser, hath affirmed to four bills of lading, all of 
this tenor and date, one of which being accom- 
plished, the others to stand void. Dated at New- 
York the 8th day of March, 1827. 

GEORGE BARKER 

Embarkation. 

March 9, 1827. — All things being in readiness 
for the Chancellor's departure, the Committee 
having politely paid my expenses from Vermont, as 
well as those arising from my stay at New- York, 
and having received from Mr. Catlin, Chairman of 
the Committee, three hundred dollars to defray my 
personal expenses while absent from the United 
States, I took leave of the gentlemen of the Com- 
mittee, and went on board. 

Departure. 

Saturday, March IQth, 1827. — Got under way 
in the morning, but the wind shifting, we were 
obliged to come to an anchor at the Quarantine 

* The invoice is omitted, as containing a repetition of the above 
bill of lading with marginal marks which cannot well be imitated 
The following is a summary of both, viz. 
154 casks of rice. 
7 ,, corn. 
3 n hams. 
356 barrels Indian meal. 
1040^ „ flour. 

101 „ „ more than invoice found on landing cargo 

135 ,, hard bread 
21 \ ,, salted provisions. 
21 boxes and bales of clothing and dry goods, &c. 
The whole valued at 13,766 dollars. 



CONDITION OF GHEECE. 11 

ground, about six miles south-west from New-York* 
where the wind obliged us to remain till next day. 

Sunday, March 1 1 . — We again got under way. 
and succeeded in getting to sea about six o'clock 
in the evening. 

As we passed Sandy-Hook, and the crew were 
bidding adieu to their native land, I could not but 
reflect how strongly impressed upon the hearts of 
men, is the love of their native country. And what 
thought I, is the object of our voyage ? But to re- 
lieve those who are now suffering, beyond what can 
be expressed, on account of these very feelings* 
which I perceive and so much admire in these 
hardy sons of Neptune, and which I trust in God, 
I shall ever be able in some degree to cherish in 
my own bosom. 

Danger of Shipwreck. 

Thursday, March 1 5. — Having been much an- 
noyed for the three last days by sea-sickness, 1 have 
been able to pay but little attention to the weather, 
otherwise than to remark its roughness. 

A violent storm overtook us about eight o'clock 
last evening, in which the ship came near being 
lost., Capt Barker and his mates conducted with 
a good degree of energy during the whole of the 
storm. The crew, however, with the exception of 
one man, were much frightened, and could be in- 
duced to do but little. The sea ran exceedingly 
high, and it broke over our decks in fearful vo- 
lumes, sweeping every thing away except our two 
chain cables, and the coppers of our cambouse. 

:s High o'er the poop the audacious wares aspired."— Falconee 



18 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

Put back. 

Early this morning, (15th) Capt. Barker asked 
my opinion in regard to what was best to be done 
under existing circumstances : whether I judged it 
better to return to New-York at once or to attempt 
to make some other port ] He urged, in behalf of 
returning, that as our boats were gone, we should 
stand but a poor chance of getting any assistance 
from other vessels at sea, and that our water would 
fail, being now reduced to three casks. He also 
represented the difficulties which attended the re* 
pairing of ships at Bermuda, the almost impossi- 
bility of landing at the Azores (or Western Islands,) 
and the length of time it would probably take to 
repair damages and have boats built at Gibraltar. 

I replied that I thought we ought by all means 
to try and make Gibraltar if possible, and, as one s 
was willing to go immediately upon an allowance 2 
In order to reach that port. 

Capt. Barker replied that as he judged himself 
to be only four hundred miles from New- York, it 
was his decided opinion that we should save both 
time and expense in returning there at once. 

After some time being spent in discussing the 
subject, I told Capt. Barker that 1 by no means 
wished to be instrumental in putting the lives of the 
ship's company in jeopardy; that from his long 
nautical experience he ought to be a much better 
judge of what should be done in the present case 
than myself : it\ therefore, it was his opinion that 
we had better return to the United States, I should 
make no further objections, notwithstanding my 
wishes to proceed, and the mortification which I 
felt in being obliged to return. We accordingly 
put about to regain our port of departure* 



CONDITION OS GREECE. IS 

Monday, March 26. — Made the highlands of 
Meversink on the Jersey shore early this mornings 
having had but three days of pleasant weather since 
we left the land on the 11th instant. We entered 
the harbour of New-York with a fine breeze, and 
came to anchor off the Coffee-Houee Slip, at four 
o'clock in the afternoon. The salutations of my 
friends were precisely what 1 had anticipated ; 
9t We are glad to know that you are alive and well 5 
but sorry to see you." 

Saturday, March 30. — The Chancellor being 
repaired and again ready for sea, she was hauled 
off into the North river, and I expected by all 
means she would proceed to sea the next morning ; 
but on conversing with the owner at evening, he 
informed me that he allowed no vessel of his to go 
to sea on the Sabbath. This, to be sure, appeared 
rather strange, as all the crew were on board, and 
would not be permitted to go on shore, even to at- 
tend church. I quoted to him that glorious saying 
of our Saviour, addressed to the Pharisees, " I will 
have mercy and not sacrifice ;'' but as his resolu- 
tion appeared to be grounded upon a matter of 
conscience, I had nothing farther to say upon the 
subject, as there are perhaps fifty who do not pay 
that attention which they ought to the Sabbath, to 
one who regards it too scrupulously. 

Sunday ; March 31. — Went on board this morn- 
ing, but the ship did not get to sea, although all 
hands were ready and the wind was fair. 

Again at Sea. 
April 1, 1827. — About ten o'clock A. M. we got 
under way, and at four in the afternoon we again 



20 CONDITION OF GREECE* 

passed the light-house at Sandy- Hook, and were 
happy at again finding ourselves at sea. 

*' Now on th' Atlantic waves we ride afar, 
Where Andes, giant of the western star, 
With meteor standard to the winds unfurl'd, 
Looks from his throne of clouds o'er half the world. 3 ' 

Wednesday, April 17. — Made Saint Michael's, 
one of the Azores or Western Islands, about ten 
o'clock this morning, having had cracking breezes 
every, day but one since we left New- York. 

Saturday, April 27. — Made Cape St. Vincent, 
on the coast of Portugal, at four o'clock P. M. 

Arrival at Gibraltar. 

April 28. — At half past two o'clock P. M. we 
came to anchor in the harbour of Gibraltar, and 
were immediately admitted to pratique. 

Upon going on shore, we were informed that the 
brig Tontine, Capt. Harris, from Philadelphia; 
bound on the same benevolent voyage as ourselves, 
left this port five days since, for Serigo, (the ancient 
Cytherea) and thence directly to Napoli di Roma- 
nia. Loud are the complaints of merchants at 
Gibraltar of the piracies committed by the Greeks, 
Without stopping to inquire, what are the reasons 
of these piracies, or what portion of the Greek po* 
pulation may be engaged in them, they condemn 
the whole nation at once, as a race of banditti, and 
seem determined to devote them to destruction. # 

* Others urge in opposition, the cruelties the Greeks have commit 
;ed on land, and their piracies on the seas. But let us ask ourselves, 
if Americans in their situation would do better. Good God ! what 
/s expected of Greece ? Is it reasonable to suppose, that after long 
ages of subjection to foreign masters, after four hundred years of hor" 
dole oppression by the Turks, Greece should rise, and shake off her 
"hainsj and pursue her march through the course of a long and bloods 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 21 

These sentiments are, I think, quite illiberal 
My knowledge of the country and the people, by a 
two years residence among them, and having acted 
as a volunteer in their cause, has given me an op- 
portunity to witness their bravery and fortitude 
under the most discouraging circumstances, and I 
am fully convinced that they are highly deserving 
the sympathy and assistance of my countrymen.* 

•April 29.— In the morning, I addressed a letter 
to the Executive Greek Committee of New-York, 
and in the afternoon I dined with Mr. M'Call, U. 
States Navy Agent at Gibraltar, in company with 
Capt. Barker, Mr. Furlong, from Virginia, and 
several other gentlemen. The dinner was a good 
one and the company excellent. Mr. M'Call has 
seen much of the world, and conversed with ease 
and elegance. I was pleased with his company, 
though he is a bachelor, and unfriendly to the 
Greeks. 

revolution, without many and glaring faults ? Are their jealousies . 
their divisions, their excesses, to be wondered at ? No ! there is not 
a man who knows human nature, and who knows what the situation 
of the Greeks was, previous to the commencement of the present 
struggle, who does not wonder that they have carried on the war so 
long, and so bravely ; and that it has been marked by so few excesses 
on their part. But it would be an insult to the good sense of the com- 
munity, to offer arguments in proof of the claim Greece has upon the 
sympathy of Americans, — Dr. Hoive. 

* In several parts of Greece, but at Athens most particularly, I had 
continual occasion to regret, that the large sums subscribed in Europe 
ior the benefit of the Greeks, are applied to political, rather than 
charitable purposes ; that the money which has been wasted in pre- 
mature and ill-directed efforts to instruct and civilize, had not rather 
been employed in the relief of the many innocent sufferers in this barba- 
rous contest. I had then some hopes that a sirapie statement, which 
I might hereafter make, of the number and condition of the most mise- 
rable, by touching the mere compassion of my countrymen, would 
Induce them to extend to the Greeks, that charity which they have 
ot withheld even from Turks and Arabs.— -IVadaington, 

c 



22 CONDITION^ OF GREECE. 

Letter from Gibraltar, to the Greek Committee, 

Gentlemen — It is with sentiments of gratitude 
to Him who rules both the winds and the waves* 
that I now have the pleasure of announcing to you, 
the good success which has attended us since we 
last left New-York. Without wearying your pa- 
tience by entering into a minute logbook detail of our 
passage, suffice it to say, that scarcely a breeze has 
blown adverse to our course, or a calm retarded 
our progress, since we left New- York the second 
time. Health and cheerfulness have been our con- 
stant companions, and hopes of pleasing anticipa- 
tion, for a successful termination of our voyage, 
brightened the future. Not an individual in the 
United States could have been more deeply morti- 
fied than myself at the necessity of our return. 
Sensible of what a powerful charm to the human 
mind is that which is termed good luck, and the dis- 
couragement which its opposite oftentimes brings 
to the best of causes — aware, also, to what misery 
the inhabitants of Greece must by this time be re- 
duced, — it was not until after I had used every ar- 
gument in my power to dissuade Capt. Barker from 
his resolution to return, that I consented to what 
his experience had made him more capable of de- 
termining than myself. The despatch with which 
we refitted in New-York being so much greater 
than what it would have been here, that we proba- 
bly saved time by the course pursued since our 
misfortune on the night of the 14th March. I sin- 
cerely hope, Gentlemen, (as experience must have 
taught every reflecting mind, that no great good 
can be accomplished without efforts of more than 
ordinary exertion) that the Chancellor's detention 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 23 

a few days will not prove a means of diminishing in 
any degree, the donations of a free and enlightened 
people to a nation of sufferers. As we have learned 
that Commodore Rogers has all the naval force 
under his command engaged in suppressing piracies 
in the Archipelago, and that it would be doubtful 
whether he would have it in his power to give us a 
convoy, even should we go to Port Mahon and re- 
quest it, we have therefore concluded to sail directly 
for the island of Cerigo, and from thence to Napoli 
di Romania. There is almost as little known here 
respecting the affairs of Greece, as in the United 
States. It is said, however, that L >rd Cochrane 
has at length entered the Grecian service in earnest, 
and that he has succeeded in capturing a corvette, 
lately built at Leghorn, by Mahomet A:i, of Egypt. 
Constant complaints are made, of the outrages 
committed by the Greek pirates. On this subject, 
I would observe, that it is no more than ever) one, 
acquainted with the state of Greece, might have 
foreseen. A people despoiled of their property, 
driven to the sad alternative, in many instances, of 
killing their own families, or yielding them slaves 
to the Turks, without an \ settled place of residence, 
or any efficient government to keep them within 
bounds, would take property when and w here they 
might find it. The pirate cannot, however, nor 
ought not to be exonerated from the punishment due 
to the worst of criminals. But ought a nation to 
suffer for the conduct of a few lawless individuals? 
Shall a nation, striving for those rights without 
which life is not worth possessing, perish by famine 
and pestilence, because a small portion of its inha- 
bitants choose, or, rather, are driven, to become a 
scourge to their fellow-men ? Tnis is a subject 



24 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

which demands a more thorough investigation, and 
on which more may be said, than time will permit 
at present. Your exertions, Gentlemen, in this 
cause, have no relation either to war or pirates, but 
are made to clothe the naked and feed the hungry, 
to snatch from famine its victim, to administer to the 
necessities of decrepit old age, and to save youth 
and beauty from a premature grave. Both reason 
and revelation declare your exertions to be of a 
heavenly nature, and such as will not fail of afford- 
ing you consolation when earthly scenes shall have 
lost their power to please. Wishing you, Gentle- 
men, every success in your labours to assist dis- 
tressed humanity, I have the pleasure of subscribing 
myself, with due respect, your humble and obedi- 
dient servant, J. P. MILLER. 

Jlpril SO. — I purchased several articles for keep- 
ing bachelor's hall in Greece, and spent the re- 
mainder of the da\ in examining the fortifications., 
and seeing the 12th and 85th regiments pass a re- 
view. 

The great attention paid by the British govern- 
ment to the comfort, health, and morals of their 
troops here, reflects great honour upon the govern- 
ment, as well as recommending itself in the strongest 
manner to the attention of ever^ enlightened go- 
vernment. The pay of five dollars per month, 
clothes and rations, received by the American sol- 
dier, are far more than what are allowed to the 
English ; but where, in our enlightened land, is the 
hospital, for him who has served his twenty-one 
years, to retire to, that he may spend his remaining 
days in peace 1 

The excavations in the rock of Gibraltar are im 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 25 

mense, the walks and gardens delightful, but the 
expense of keeping up so large a garrison of regu- 
lar troops would never meet the policy of a go- 
vernment like that of the United States. 

In the afternoon I examined an herd of cattle 
belonging to Governor Don, containing individuals 
from several countries. A Genoese heifer, of a 
beautiful black colour with a white face, was a fine 
animal ; though black, her eyes were entirely free 
from that fiery appearance so common to cattle of 
that complexion. A young bison from India, was 
to me quite a curiosity ; he was of a pale reddish 
colour upon the body, but about the neck it ap- 
proached nearly to a brown ; his neck was short 
and thick, his horns not an inch in length, his eyes 
rather fiery ; he had a large hump upon the shoul- 
ders like the bison or buffalo of the United States; 
his tail resembled that of an ape, and his rump that 
of a hog. He appeared perfectly docile, and used 
his limbs actively. 

Leave Gibraltar, 

May 1, 1827. — Early this morning we got under 
way and commenced beating out of the bay of 
Gibraltar, with the wind to the eastward, and a 
strong current running at the rate of three miles 
an hour. As the wind has been a long time in that 
quarter, we hope that it will soon change to a 
more favourable direction for our course. I shall 
feel extremely anxious until this voyage is accom- 
plished, for if we should fall in with pirates, we 
must fall a prey to them, our guns not being in a 
situation to allow us to fight them. But the will of 
Heaven be done. 

C2 



£0 CONDITION OF GREECE 

" No hostile band can antedate our doom 
Till fate condemns us to the silent tomb ; 
Fix'd is the term of all the race of earth, 
And such the hard condition of our birth." 

Homer's Iliad. 

May 14. — Arrived at Messina, in the Island of 
Sicily, at nine o'clock in the morning, but did ont 
come to an anchor, Capt Barker only wishing to 
make some inquiries of Mr. Pay son respecting a 
return freight. We were not permitted to land, and 
were allowed to hold but a few moments conver- 
sation with Mr. Payson. He informed us that the 
United States frigate Constitution, Capt. Patterson, 
was at Syracuse, and was to sail immediately from 
'hence for the Archipelago. 

Although I apprehended not the least danger 
myself, yet as Capt. Barker and his mates are so 
uneasy since the reports which they heard at Gib- 
raltar of the outrages committed by the pirates in 
the Archipelago, that I have thought it advisable to 
call at Syracuse, and request Capt. Patterson to 
give us convoy. Mr. Payson, who is U. S. Consul 
at Messina, advised me to pursue this course. We 
left the harbour of this city after one hour's stay, 
much disgusted with the policy of a government, 
which keeps its subjects in filth and wretchedness, 
and then debars, by quarantine regulations^ clean 
and healthy people from visiting them. 

Syracuse. 
May 15. — Arrived off Syracuse last night, and 
hove the ship to, until morning. Immediately on 
our arrival I wrote the following letter to Capt, 
Patterson, intending to send it in the morning: 



CONDITION OF GREECE. Zi 

To Capt. Patterson, commanding U. S. frigate 
Constitution. 

Respected Sir — The ship Chancellor, George 
Barker, master, has been chartered by the Execu- 
tive Greek Committee in New- York, and is laden 
with provisions for the women, children, and old 
men, non-combatants of Greece. The cargo is 
wholly intrusted to my care, and I can assure you 
on the honour of a gentleman, that there is not an 
article on board which could even excite the sus- 
picion of the most fastidious observer of national 
neutrality. I had letters from several of the mem- 
bers of our general government to Commodore 
Rodgers, requesting him to give us convoy, but be- 
ing informed at Gibraltar by the IL S. navy agent, 
Mr. M'Call, that all the vessels of the squadron 
were employed, I judged it useless to go to Port 
Mahon and request that of the Commodore which 
I was informed he had not the means of granting, 
I accordingly left the letters to be forwarded from 
Gibraltar. At Messina, this morning, we were in- 
formed that you were at Syracuse, and that it was 
thought you would soon sail for the Archipelago. 
On hearing this, I concluded it would be proper for 
me to call upon you, and after stating the object oi 
our voyage, to request you, if it should be consis- 
tent with your own views on the subject, to give u& 
convoy. I am the more urgent in making this re- 
quest on account of Captain Barker, who, since 
the reports which he heard at Gibraltar of the out 
rages committed in the Archipelago, believes it un- 
safe to proceed thither without convoy. 

Hoping, my dear Sir, that your health has bee^ 



28 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

quite good since I saw you at Smyrna, I subscribe 
myself, with due respect, your obedient servant, 

J. P. MILLER, 

Agent for the Executive Greek Com- 
mittee in the City of New-York. 
Bay of Syracuse, May 14, 1827. 

At five o'clock in the morning we had the morti- 
fication to learn from a fisherman that the Consti- 
tution had sailed at twelve o'clock yesterday for 
Smyrna. On hearing this, we determined to make 
the best of our way to Napoli di Romania. The 
Chancellor has two nine-pound guns and eight 
muskets ; these, with five pair of pistols, compose 
our weapons of defence. We have put our arms 
in as good order as possible, and shall fight all pi- 
rates, who do not exceed double our number. If 
we are boarded by the Turkish fleet, we shall de- 
clare ourselves bound for Smyrna with provisions 
for the American squadron, and request them to 
give us convoy through the Archipelago. 

The wind dying away, we have nothing to beguile 
the tediousness of a calm, but to turn our eyes upon 
Mount Etna, whose crater is sending forth smoke, 
while at a few rods below, the snow lies at a great 
depth. When the clouds in their progress screen the 
mountain from our sight, we then turn our eyes upon 
the beautiful bay of Syracuse, and extending the 
view, catch a sight of the harbour : imagination is 
excited, and we almost fancy we see the ships oi 
Marcellus set on fire, and burning by the scientific 
skill of Archimedes ; and then behold that God-like 
man bleeding beneath the hand of a stern Roman 
soldier, who, ignorant of his victim's worth, thrust 
his weapon, as he would have done at viler bodies*. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 29 

Illustrious man ! Who can read of thy wondrous 
works, and not in the language of the poet inquire. 

" Shall nature, bound to earth's diurnal span, 
The fire of God, th' immortal soul of man ?" 

Pleasures of Hope. 

Surely one like thyself, if living in the present de- 
graded state of thy country, would redeem the 
baseness of her sons, and the more than shameful- 
ness of her daughters. When one reflects upon the 
character of the Hen-pecked tyrant who now go- 
reins this once happy island, he is led to say, 

" One greater than" Dyonisius " is here." 

Danger from a Turkish Frigate. 

May 18. — At two o'clock in the afternoon we 
made Cape Matapan, the southernmost point of the 
Morea, lying between the gulfs of Coron and Colo- 
kythia. On account of the hazy atmosphere, we 
mistook this cape for the island of Cerigo, and fear- 
ing, as the wind blew a strong breeze from the 
northwest, that we might drive too near the rocky 
shore of Candia, we tacked ship and beat up the 
gulf of Coron. At four o'clock we discovered our 
mistake, and nearly at the same time, a Turkish 
frigate to windward. This frigate, in perfect unj- 
son with our feelings, passed without speaking us. 
and afterwards tacked and stood in for Modon. 

May 19. — At six o'clock in the morning the 
wind shifted to the eastward, which made it neces- 
sary for us to beat past the island of Cerigo. At 
ten o'clock, a young crane fell upon our deck. 
How or in what manner it reached the ship, still 
remains a mystery to all of us, unless it had been 



30 CONDITION OF GREEc^. 

borne upon the back of another ;— it could not 
have flown the distance, being as yet unfledged. At 
four in the afternoon, as we were standing on the 
starboard tack, we saw a Greek mystico under the 
lee of Cerigo. I proposed to Capt. Barker, that 
we should bring this >oat to, in order to learn the 
position of the Turkish fleet, and to prevent the 
loss of time we must be at in obtaining the same in- 
formation by running into the port bf St Nicholas, 
in the island of Cerigo. We accordingly made a 
signal for the mystico to come along side. The 
captain of her informed us that the Turkish fleet was 
at Modon, and the Greek fleet at Hydra. He also 
stated that the U. States frigate Constitution had 
passed Cerigo y ester iay, on her way to Smyrna. 
As it was blowing a heavy Levanter (east wind) we 
thought it est not to ask ay further questions, and 
so permitted the mystico to pass on, the boatmen 
thinking all the while (hat we were a man of war. 

May 20. — We have been beating all day against 
a strong Levanter, and have net gained eight miles 
to the windward. A* we are not more than ninety 
miles from Napoli di Romania, it will easily be per- 
ceived that patienee must have her perfect work. 

May 22. — The Levanter still continues, and we 
have only been able to weather Cape St. Angelo, 
though we have been constantly beating to the 
windward for the last forty-eight hours, with single 
reef topsails. 

Arrival at Napoli di Romania. 

May 23. — The Levanter dying awaj during the 

night, was succeeded hv a calm. At half past tour 

in the morning, a fine breeze sprang up from the 

southwest, which promised to take us to Napoli in 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 31 

a short time. Arrived at our port of destination at 
eleven, P. M. 

May 24. — Early in the morning, we saw a boat 
put off from a frigate on the opposite side of the 
harbour, and shape her course for us. It was not 
long before we discovered the stars and stripes of 
our own dear country, and were highly gratified to 
learn from the commander of the boat that she be- 
longed to the frigate Constitution— a name particu- 
larly grateful to an American's ears when abroad. 
Capt. Patterson had seen us the day before, beat- 
ing into the harbour, and had the goodness not only 
to keep a light burning for us during the night, but 
had sent his boat at this early hour to inform us of 
the present political state of Napoli di Romania, 
and to afford us any assistance which might be in 
his power, towards effecting the safe landing of our 
cargo. 

At eight o'clock, Dr. Howe, my old friend and 
former companion in Greece, came on board. I 
shall leave it for those who have been companions 
in foreign countries, and have seen each other by 
turns brought almost to the gates of death, destf 
tute of every comfort but the heart-felt satisfaction 
of knowing that they were suffering in a good cause, 
to judge of the emotions of my heart on meeting 
him again at this time. Grateful indeed was 1 
to that overruling Providence, which had watched 
over and protected us, while so many of our former 
acquaintances in Greece were sleeping in the arms 
of death. 

I showed Dr. Howe my instructions from the 
committee in New- York, and requested him to 
give me his opinion as to the best course we could 
rmrsue in oHer to th^ir fulfilment. After some 



32 OONDITXON OP GREECE. 

consultation, it was agreed that I should call upoM 
Capt. Patterson and show him my instructions, and 
learn, if possible, how long he intended to remain 
at Napoli di Romania. 

Visit the U. S. Ship Constitution. 
I accordingly went on board the frigate, where I 
was politely received by my gallant countrymen, 
and bid welcome on board the Constitution, a ship 
which I have always had the greatest curiosity to 
see. Capt. Patterson not being on board, having 
gone to visit the tomb of Agamemnon, I remained 
until his return. From him I received a hearty 
welcome, also, and the offer of all the assistance in 
his power, to promote the object of our voyage to 
Greece. 

Call on the Government at Napoli. 
Upon going on shore, Dr. Howe and myself 
waited on the Provincial Government of Napoli, and 
explained to them our instructions for disposing of 
the cargo of the Chancellor, They informed us 
the General Government was daily expected at 
Napoli, from Poros ; that the brig Tontine, from 
Philadelphia, had arrived ten days ago, at that 
island. They also further informed us, that Gen, 
Grivas, a native of Missolonghi, who at present had 
the command of the Pallamedi (a large fortress) at 
Napoli, would, if he had it in his power, be likely 
to take a share of the flour for his soldiers. In 
order therefore to prevent such an occurrence, we 
decided on putting five hundred barrels into a small 
castle in the harbour, under the command of ano- 
ther Missolonghiote, by the name of Kriosis. Thk 
flour we intended to distribute among those who 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 33 

mhabit the mountains, living in holes and caves, 
between Argos and Corinth, in the vicinity of My- 
cena and Nemea ; all of which places have been 
destroyed, and the surrounding country made deso- 
late, by the Turks. 

We also concluded to land, and place in the ma- 
gazines of Napoli di Romania, six hundred and 
ninety-five barrels of flour, twenty-nine tierces of 
rice, and nineteen boxes of dry goods, clothing 5 
&c. and also two half-barrels of salt provisions. 

Discharge part of the Cargo at Napoli di Romania, 
May 26. — By eleven o'clock this morning, we 
had safely deposited the above mentioned part of 
the cargo in the places designated, and had the ar- 
ticles put under the care of men who could be de* 
pended upon for honesty ; Dr. Howe, at the same 
time, superintending the whole. As the committee 
had not appropriated any money to defray the ex- 
penses of discharging the said cargo, I agreed with 
six boatmen to furnish me with a boat each, and 
three men in a boat, for a Spanish dollar each per 
day, to be paid in floui\ Capt. Patterson had the 
goodness to send a boat 5 s crew to assist Capt. Bar 
ker in discharging the cargo. 

At twelve o'clock, I called upon General Colo- 
cotroni, delivered to him two letters which were 
sent from the U. States, read to him my instruc- 
tions from the Greek Committee in New- York, and 
explained the manner in which the provisions had 
been raised in the United States, for the suffering 
Inhabitants of Greece. The old general bade me 
again welcome to Greece, and expressed a wish, that 
He who governs the fates of all men, would reward 
D 



M CONDITION OP GREECE. 

those who do not forget their fellow-beings ih 
distress. 

As there are several thousand Greeks in the 
mountains which separate Argos from old Arcadia, 
we judged it best to place sixty barrels at the Mills 
of Napoli, for the use of the sufferers in that quarter, 
and to ship one hundred barrels on board an Ionian 
vessel, for those women and children who escaped 
from Missolonghi before its fall. These (one hun- 
dred barrels) we shall consign to the English resi- 
dent at the island of Calamos, and request him to 
attend to their distribution according to the instruc- 
tions of the committee. 

In the afternoon, the Chancellor moved across 
the harbour to the Mills, and there deposited one 
hundred and sixty barrels of bread and flour for 
the purposes above mentioned. 

As we are under the necessity of raising a little 
money to send a coasting vessel to Calamos, I 
have, with the advice of Dr. Howe, concluded to 
sell the three casks of hams to the officers _of the 
Constitution, for ten cents per pound ; and to sell 
them also two barrels of corn meal, at what it cost 
in New- York, with the addition of freight. The 
latter they requested for the accommodation of the 
Yankees on board. 

General Cfrivas. 
May 27.— -Called upon General Grivas, who 
commands the Pallamedi. As I was personally ac- 
quainted with him at Missolonghi, and knew that 
he conducted himself there as a brave man, I scru- 
pled not to tell him, that I hoped there would be no 
violence used on the part of any one, to divert froi^ 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 35 

e object for which these provisions were raised, 
any part of them ; that I had pledged myself to 
the committee, that I would do all in my power to 
comply with the request of the donors, and should 
never listen to any proposal to divert them to any 
other use. After reading to him my instructions^ 
he acknowledged that what I said was perfectly 
correct. While conversing with General Grivas, I 
received the following 

Letter from the Government. 

Commission of Government of the > 
Republic of Greece. J 
To Mr. J. P. Miller, 

Sir — We bid you a welcome return to Greece 
As the General Government is actually here, and 
as you ought to address yourself to it, according to 
the instructions which you have received from the 
Philanthropic Society of Philadelphia,* we invite 
you to come here, as soon as possible, with your 
vessel, without discharging any part of the cargo at 
Napoli. Go : Mavromichalis, 

I. Nakos, 
J. M. Milaitis, 
Go: Glarakis, 

Secretary of State, 

Poros, May 14 (26), 1827. 

Immediately on the receipt of this letter it was 
judged best to proceed directly to Poros, with the 
remaining part of the cargo ; not, however, for the 
purpose of delivering it into the hands of the Greek 

* The Tontine, from Philadelphia, having arrived before me, they 
presumed I came from the same place, and under the same instrue 
tions. 



38 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

Government, but because it is believed that the; 
provisions will be in perfect safety at Poros, while 
at this place there is some apprehension to the 
contrary, It is necessary, however, to assign some 
reasons for this determination, and the following 
were given : 

First— To show our respect to the Government 
of Greece, (which is always too little respected by 
the chiefs of the nation.) 

Secondly — As Poros is nearer to the present 
seat of war in and about Athens, I shall have an 
opportunity of relieving a greater share of misery 
In that quarter than in any other. 

Give power to Dr. Howe to aet at Napoli. 
May 28. — Dr. Howe nobly offering ro devote 
his time to the distribution of the provisions at Na- 
poli di Romania and the Mills, and also to ship the 
one hundred barrels of flour tor Calamos, I gave him 
the following power to act for me in my absence. 

Napoli di Romania, May Z8th 9 1827. 

Know all men by these presents, that 1 % J. P 
Miller, agent for the Executive Greek Committee 
in the city of New- York, do hereby authorize Dr, 
Samuel G. Howe, my countryman, to act in my 
place, in the distribution of the provisions at Napoli 
and the Mills, and also to ship one hundred bar- 
rels of bread and flour, for the suffering Missolon» 
ghiotes at the island of Calamos; at the same time, 
enjoining it upon him to keep strictly in view the great 
object for which these donations were made by our 
countrymen in the United States. A copy of my 
instructions from the committee in New-York are 
herewith presented for your further guidance. 



CONDITION OF GREECE* Wi 

Wishing you much pleasure in discharging thi* 
pleasing duty, I am truly yours, &c. 

J. P. MILLER, 

Agent for the Executive Greek 
Committee of JWt0- Yorfo 

Proceed to Poros. 
All things being in readiness for our departure to 
Poros, we weighed anchor at six o'clock^ P, M 
and sailed from the harbour of Napoli, the Consti- 
tution giving us convoy as far as the island of Spet- 
zia, Capt, Patterson then, in order to remove 
every fear of Capt. Barker, in relation to the 
pirates, sent a boat's crew under the command of 
Mr. Blanchard, and also one of his pilots, to take 
us into Poros* 

Tribute to Capt Patterson and his Officers. 
I cannot omit expressing at this time and in this 
place, my warmest thanks to Capt. Patterson and 
the officers under his command, for the kind man- 
ner in which they received and treated us during 
the whole time Capt. Barker was discharging the 
cargo. My gratitude to them is heightened when 
I contrast their conduct with that of Capt. David 
Deacon, commander of the United States ship Erie^ 
to me last summer, at Smyrna* 

Censure upon an American JsTaval Officer, 

At that time, I had just arrived at Smyrna, in an 

English frigate, destitute of money, clothes, and 

-passports, having recently lost the two last, at the 

fall of Missolonghi, in the defence of which I had 

taken a part. Capt. Deacon not only gave me to 

understand that I had lost my right as an American 

D3 



38 CONDITION Of GREECE, 

citizen by serving as a volunteer in Greece, but ab- 
solutely refused to permit me to comply with a 
general invitation from all his ward-room officers*' 
to accompany them to Candia, or even to give me 
protection on board his vessel, unless I would say 
that I considered my life was absolutely in danger, 
(a declaration which I could by no means make.) 
If Capt. Deacon was apprehensive of committing 
the neutrality of his flag, by giving protection to 
his countryman in distress, because he had been in 
the Greek service, why, I would ask, did he, on his 
return from Candia, bring two Turkish officers to 
Smyrna, in order to forward them on their way to 
Constantinople, whither they were going with des- 
patches 1 Let him answer to his countrymen for 
ftese offences, f 

Arrival at Poros. 

May 29. — While on our passage to this place ; 
Capt. Barker paid me #69 20, received by hin 
from Lieut McCullock, caterer of the Constitu- 
tion^ ward-room, for hams and corn meal sold to 
*hern, viz. 

582 lbs. of hams, at 10 cents, $58 20 

2 bbls, corn meal, at 5i dolls. 11 00 



$69 20 



* See invitation in additional notes. 

| Whea two countrymen meet in a strange land, a spirit of philan 
fhropy and kindness is more apt to show itself than at any other time, 
and it is more sensibly felt on such occasions— particularly if one party 
is in distress. In the present instance, however, the case was re 
versed ; and it is difficult to imagine what excuse Capt. D. can give 
/or his cold-hearted neglect. What are our national vessels sent tr 
•the Mediterranean for, but to protect American property and Ameri- 
can citizens ? Mr, Miller had not committed the neutrality of his 
country by serving as a volunteer in the cause of Grecian liberty and 
independence. At the time referred to, lie was in distress, and ough 
lo hatfe been protected .—.#«?, 



CONDITION OF &KEEC&, 39 

We arrived at Poros in the afternoon, when 1 
immediately addressed the following letter to the 
Government. 

To the Members of the Legislative and Executive 
departments of the Government of Greece. 

Gentlemen, — I received your letter of the 14th 
inst. and have lost no time in repairing to Poros, 
and laying before you the instructions of the Exe- 
cutive Greek Committee of the city of New-York, 
whose agent I have been appointed. In doing this, 
I beg leave to call your attention to a few remarks 
on the feelings of my countrymen towards your 
cause, and the more fully to unfold to you my re- 
sponsibility for a faithful application of the property 
committed to my care, to the objects for which it 
has been raised in the United States, You need 
not be informed by me, Gentlemen, at this late pe- 
riod of your contest, that there exists a most lively 
interest in your behalf on the other side of the At- 
lantic, Among the many in that quarter of the 
world, who have heard of your manlike resistance 
against the combined forces of the Ottoman Empire, 
and the unprecedented state of wretchedness to 
which a most barbarous warfare has reduced many 
of your countrymen, the Executive Greek Com- 
mittee of New-York are not the least conspicuous , 
Belonging, however, as they do, to a neutral power, 
the policy of whose government is, never to be the 
first aggressor, the Committee have confined them- 
selves to the object of relieving the sufferings of the 
women, children, and old men, non-combatants of 
Greece, My instructions are strictly to this effect j 
and I have pledged myself to fulfil them to the 
Utmost of my power, However urgent may be my 



£81 CONDITION OF GREEC& 

own wishes to relieve the wants of those brave imn 
with whom I have passed so many days in the 
camp, or however well I may be convinced of the 
present need of the Government to have provisions 
placed in their hands, and at their disposal, yet I 
can by no means listen to any other disposition of 
the provisions and clothing in my charge, than that 
contained in my instructions, in the execution of 
which, Gentlemen, I trust that I shall have your 
support and approbation. No pleasure of an 
earthly nature can be greater than that which I en* 
joy, in again visiting your country, and of having it 
'in my power to administer in some measure towards 
relieving the sufferings of its inhabitants* I am re- 
joiced to find things in relation to your country's 
salvation looking more prosperous than when I left 
Greece a year ago. Who knows but a few more 
showers of blood poured from the hearts of your sons 
and your daughters, shed by infidel hands, may not 
thaw the icy policy of Europe, so far as to compas- 
sionate your sufferings. But if this fails, let not 
your friends in Europe and America ever have the 
mortification of hearing of your having again sub- 
mitted to the Turks. Imitate your brethren of 
Scio, Ipsara, and Missolonghi, and if your inde- 
pendence is not achieved, your extinction will at 
least be glorious, and your reward in heaven that, 
of martyrs for the religion of Christ and the liberty 
of your country. 

With respectful consideration, 
I am your humble servant, 

J. P. MILLER, Agent, $& 

As soon as I had finished the foregoing letter, 1 
went on shore and delivered it into the hands of the 
Government The letter being read, the member- 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 4$ 

expressed their approbation of the sentiments con- 
tained in it, and again bid me welcome to Greece. 

A Noble Grecian. 

I next called upon my old friend, John Geker 9 
who, when I was in Greece before, and nearly 
destitute of money, lent me a hundred dollars, with- 
out any other security than my word, that if I should 
live, I would endeavour to pay him. My feelings 
on meeting with this man, and having it in my 
power to repay him, can be conceived only by those 
who have been placed in a similar situation, but 
can never be expressed. 

Compare this man's conduct with that of one of 
my own countrymen, who, when I was in the same 
destitute condition, in a foreign land, refused roe as- 
sistance and piotection. (Jeter's nobleness and 
disinterested generosity can only be estimated by my 
stating that he was informed that I was poor, and 
was about to return to my own country, which was 
more than four thousand miles distant, and that he 
might never again hear of me. I cancelled the obli- 
gation I was under, by paying him from the money 
advanced me by the committee to defray my per- 
sonal expenses.* 

* In expressing to Mr. Miller my admiration of this act, he replied 
that it was indeed noble and worthy of all praise. "Where," said 
he, " is the man in this rich and commercial city of New- York, that 
would do the like ? Could you fiad the man who would lend or give 
the same amount to Col. Negris ?" " Who is Col. Negris ?" said L 
" He is one of that sacred band of Hetarists who have sworn never 
more to submit to the Turkish yoke. He is a native of Athens ; a 
young man of a good education and of a distinguished family. His 
parents are dead, his family separated, their property destroyed, and 
he is now in this city, without friends, and without resources. He is 
endeavouring to support himself by teaching Greek, with which he is 
well acquainted, both as it was, and is written and spoken. He also 
speaks the German and French languages fluently, and is making 
rapid progress in English. He receives as yet but little enceflrag* - 
ment, If it were in my power, I would assist him."— Ed, 



12 CONDITION OF GREECE 

Companions in Greece. 

May 80. — Early in the morning, I called upoii 
Count Poro, who was formerly known to me in 
Greece, and requested him to introduce me to CoL 
Hydeck, the Bavarian a^ent, to whose care the car- 
go of the Tontine, from Philadelphia, had been in- 
trusted. I was accordingly introduced, and found 
the Colonel a complete gentleman. He offered 
me the use of one of his magazines to store the re- 
maining part of the Chancellor's cargo, until such 
time as I could deliver it into the hands of those for 
whose use it had been raised in the United States. 

Alas ! if I had rime I could weep over the sad 
fate of many of my old friends and former compa- 
nions in this country, who, during the few short 
months of my absence, have passed beyond the 
toils and dangers of this transitory state of existence 
into the broad fields of eternity. Among the great 
number of foreigners who have either died or been 
killed in battle since my absence, no one do I miss 
more than Count Peter Gamba. He first came to 
Greece with Lord Byron, with whom he remained 
until his Lordship's death : he then accompanied 
his remains to England, and alter a few months ab- 
sence, returned, again to take a part in a cause 
which to him was dearer than life. I saw much of 
him when in Greece before, and always found him 
to be a soldier and a gentleman. 

Discharge the remaining part of the Cargo at Poros, 
May 31. — Early this morning we commenced 
discharging the remaining part of the cargo. The 
perplexity of discharging or loading vessels where 
there are no wharves must be readily perceived by 
?wery mercantile man ; but, notwithstanding, we 



CONDITION OP GREEKS. IS 

i06n discharged the whole of the cargo, although 
the Chancellor lay at anchor in the bay, a consi- 
derable distance from the magazine. 

There appears to be one hundred and one barrels 
of flour more on board the Chancellor than what 
are contained in the bills of lading. For these I 
gave Capt. Barker a receipt, as he assured me it 
must have been a mistake made in New-York in 
shipping the cargo. I wrote to the Greek Con> 
mittee, reporting the progress I had made, and the 
plans which I have adopted for the proper distribu- 
tion of the cargo. 

At the urgent request of Mr. Worrell, I agreed 
to superintend the distribution of the cargo of the 
Tontine, from Philadelphia, according to his letters 
of instruction received from the Greek Committee 
of Philadelphia. 

In the evening I went on board and took leave 
ef Capt. Barker and the crew of the Chancellor, 
With them I have passed many pleasant hours, and 
I know of no ship in whi«h 1 would rather traverse 
the ocean than the Chancellor. 

Received from Mr. Blanchard, midshipman of 
the Constitution, fourteen dollars, for two barrels of 
flour, which I let him have for the accommodation 
of his mess. 

As it is impossible for me to meet all the expenses 
which must daily occur, to employ men to secure 
the cargo in the magazines, and to pay others for 
conveying it to the places where I wish to make the 
distribution, without having some money 5 I have 
thought it best, with the advice of Dr. Howe, to 
pursue the course which I have mentioned with the 
officers of the Constitution, in regard to the flour 3 
"hams, and Indian meal, and to render to the Com- 



%4 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

mittee a faithful account of the same. This has 
become absolutely necessary, as expenses have al- 
ready occurred, and others must occur. The 
Committee in New-York only gave me a small 
amount in specie to pay my personal expenses, and 
verbal instructions, in addition to my written ones 3 
that if any expenses should occur, they must be 
paid out of the cargo. This may produce some 
embarrassment, but I shall do the best in my power. 

Letter from the Government. 

June 2, 1827. — This morning I received the fol- 
lowing letter from the Government : 

To Mr. Miller, Agent for the Greek Committee in 
JVeie- York. 
Dear Sir — As there are twenty-five families of 
men who have been and now are employed on pub- 
lie service in this island, who are in a very destitute 
situation, the women and children getting but little 
to eat : we therefore beg you to give them a barrel 
of flour each, if consistent with your instructions. 
GEORGE MAVROMICHALI& 
JOHN M. M1LAITIS, 
ICANULIS NAKOS, 
G. GLARAKIS, Sec'y of State. 

May 20, Old Style, 1S27. 

I complied with the request contained in the 
foregoing letter, and delivered the twenty-five bar- 
rels of flour, one to each family. 

In the afternoon I distributed three pieces of 
cotton, cut into suitable parts for shirts for both 
adults and children. The poor wretches to whom 
I gave it were almost naked, and their emotion? 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 45 

land expressions of gratitude on receiving it melted 
me into tears. 

At four o'clock I called upon Capt. Hastings, 
He appears to be the very man for the place he 
holds, as the commander of one of the steam ves- 
sels, and fully justifies the excellent character which 
he has always borne. I was introduced to Mr. 
Findlay, a Scotch gentleman who has been some 
time in Greece. 

The Chiefs attempt to seize the Flour at JfapolL 

Sunday, June 3, 1827.— This morning I received 
a letter from Dr. Howe, informing me that Coloco- 
troni and Grivas had made an attempt to seize the 
provisions deposited at Napoli, for the use of their 
soldiers. Colocotroni founded his right for so doing 
on the contents of a letter, which I delivered to 
him, sent by the Hon. E. Everett, of Boston, Mass, 
wherein he complimented him on his appeal to the 
feelings of our benerolent citizens in behalf of the 
suffering women and children of Greece. What 
could induce the old kleft* (robber) to put such a 
construction upon the contents of the letter, I can- 
not conceive, unless it be for the purpose of re- 
maining in Napoli with his soldiers until they eat 
up the flour. There was not the most distant inti- 
mation in Mr. Everett's letter upon which he could 
ground a claim to any part of the cargo, and as I 
had made him acquainted with the nature of my in. 
structions, the old chief knew he was committing 
violence. 

I accordingly made arrangements, and was on 

* A term applied to the mountain banditti. Kleftis. Kleft is sin 
g -kr. kieftes plural. See Additional Notes. 

E 



46 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

the point of setting off instantly for Napoli, in order 
to see what could be done to secure the property 
from these rapacious chiefs, and if it was already 
gone, to reproach them with their perfidy ; when a 
boat arrived, and brought information that Dr. 
Howe, with his usual promptness, when he disco- 
vered the intentions of these two chiefs to seize the 
flour, had despatched a boat to Spetzia to inform 
Capt. Patterson of the circumstances of the case* 
and that he had immediately returned to Napoli 
and compelled the chiefs to restore the keys of the 
magazines to Dr. Howe, and had made them pro- 
mise not to interfere in the affair again, Thus are 
we more and more under obligations to our gallant 
countryman for the important services which he has 
rendered us. 

Women and Children relieved. 

Good God ! What were my feelings, when at 
evening I saw seven women and three children* 
who escaping from Ibrahim Pacha at Gastouni, ar« 
rived at this place in such a state of distress and 
wretchedness as cannot with modesty be described* 
The three children were as naked as when they 
were born, and their mothers but a little better off* 
When I first saw them, I involuntarily raised my 
hands to Heaven. Alas ! said I, why were these 
wretches brought into existence ? But it is not for 
me to arraign the wisdom of the Almighty, I has- 
tened to my lodgings, and soon clothed them all 
from the donations sent from Newark, in New-Jer- 
sey, blessing God, who in his providence had put it 
in my power to do them so great a service. 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 47 

Information from Dr. Hoive at Napoli. 
June 4. — Early this morning a courier arrived 
from Napoli di Romania, bringing ate a letter from 
Dr. Howe, who informed me of his difficulty with 
the Chiefs, and the assistance which he had re- 
ceived from Capt. Patters >n. The Doctor desired 
me to come myself to Napoli immediately, or to 
send him an order, signed and sealed, to act under 
existing circumstances as should seem best to him- 
self. As I have the most perfect confidence in the 
Doctor's judgment in relation to the affairs of 
G eece, and as I cannot well leave Poros at pre 
sent, I sent him an order to act accordingly. 

Plan of Distribution. 

The following piau was agreed upon between 
Col Hydeck and myself, as the best one to be 
adopted in the distribution of the provisions at this 
place: — 

First. — We propose to send ninety-five barrels 
of Itidian neal to (he sufferers in and about Corinth, 

Secondly. — Sixty tierces of rice to the sick and 
wounded at Salamis, and also one hundred barrels 
of flour for the poor upon the same Island. 

Thirdly. — One hundred barrels of flour for the 
Athenians who have taken refuge in the Islands. 

Fourthly. — One hundred barrels of flour for the 
poor in the Island of Egina. 

Fifthly. — One hundred barrels of meal for the 
)0or in the Island of Candia. 

Sixthly. — One hundred barrels of flour for the 
poor in this Island, (Poros) and in the mountains 
of the Peloponnesus, between the Egean Sea and 
the Gulf of Napoli. 

This plan, if possible, we shall carry into effect. 



16 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

but if any thing shall occur to frustrate our inten- 
tions, we shall adopt some other course which may 
promise to be the most feasible. I shall always en- 
deavour to keep a small portion of provisions and 
clothing by me, while I am in the country, in order 
to supply the wants of those who are the most des- 
titute, coming under my own observation ; as there 
are hundreds daily calling on me who have hardly 
clothes sufficient to cover themselves. 

The salt provisions, of which there are twenty 
barrels here, it was thought best to dispose of at the 
moderate price of five dollars per barrel for the use 
of the Greek fleet, and the money arising from the 
sale of it to be applied to the purpose of paying 
the expenses of agents, boatmen, porters, and 
others whom it is found necessary to employ. 

Go to Napolu 

In the evening (June 4th) I received another 
letter from Dr. Howe, requesting me to come to 
Napoli. I accordingly called upon the officers of 
Government at Poros, and informed them of my in- 
tention, and the reason of setting off immediately 
for Napoli ; and at the same time informing them 
that CoL Hydeck would act for me in every thing 
respecting my agency during my absence. 

After putting my seal upon the box of clothing 
that I had open (a thing of much more importance 
in this country than a strong lock) I set off for Na- 
poli di Romania in an open boat. 

We arrived at Napoli the next day at four o'clock 
in the afternoon. I found that Dr. Howe had act- 
ed with so much prudence and energy in the affair 
with the Chiefs, that he had secured the greater 
part of the cargo that was landed at Napoli for the 
Use of the poor, much, however, against the will of 



CONDITION OP GREECE* 49 

old Colocotroni, who intended to lay hands upon 
the whole of it ; but as the Doctor intends giving 
me a detailed account of the whole affair, I shall 
forbear to make any further remarks at present, 
but shall introduce his report in another part of my 
Journal.* 

Censure an a Donor. 

June 6. — 1 proceeded to examine the cases of 
hats, of which there were four. On one of them 
the donor had been careful not to intrust his name. 
It was composed of damaged unfinished hats, in 
such a state that they would rather hasten the march 
of death upon the bearer of one of them, than serve 
either as a protection against heat or cold. Every 
man has a right to select his own donations, but to 
make others pay freight upon useless articles is 
neither manly nor honest. 

Return to Poros. 

After making the necessary arrangements for the 
greater security of the goods at Napoli, which the 
circumstances seemed to require, I concluded to 
return to Poros, taking with me eight of the boxes oi 
clothing and dry goods, to be distributed by myselfi 
and left the others to be given out under the direc- 
tion of Dr. Howe. 

June 7. — In the afternoon I got all things in 
readiness for my departure from Napoli, but the 
wind being contrary, we were unable to sail. Our 
party accordingly took up their lodgings without the 
walls of the town, and sailed early on the following 
morning, with so smart a breeze that we were soob 

* See Appendix, No. !, 



50 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

wet through to the skin by the dashing of the sea 
into our little boat. 

Fall of Athens. 

Off Hydra we spoke a boat from Poros, the 
Captain of which informed us that Athens had ca- 
pitulated to the Turks on Tuesday last, (5th June, 
1827,) and that the soldiers and families had been 
brought from the Piraeus in a French frigate. 
This intelligence immediately cast a gloom over our 
little party. " Alas l*f said Flogaietes, an intelligent 
Ionian, who was my fellow passenger, " my country 
must be lost then ! M " We will all die before that 
time arrives, 5 ' said the Captain of the boat, who was 
from Krinethia. " Athens is nothing," said a young 
Macedonian ; " let the Turks have it, they will 
soon starve to death there themselves.' 5 

Thus our time passed away in gloomy despon- 
dency, with an occasional remark, until our arrival 
at Poros, which was not until eleven o'clock at 
night. * 

June 9. — I called at Col. Hydeck's quarters early 
in the morning, but found that he had gone with 
provisions to Corinth, and would not return to Poros 
under three days. 

I wrote a letter to Mr. P. Fish, one of the Exe- 
cutive Greek Committee, which I forwarded by an 
English officer. In the afternoon, I received the 
following letter from the Bishop of Tallanti, whom 
S had formerly known at Athens. 

* Mr. Miller's object in hh visit to Greece at tlis time being of a 
charitable nature, he does not enter into political diseussions or mili- 
tary transactions ; barely mentioning things aa they occurred. These. 
will be ably treated by* his friend, Dr. Howe, whose work is soon to 
he published, and will merit the approbation of the public. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 51 

Translation of the letter from the Bishop of Tallanti.* 
My beloved brother Miller 9 

Having been informed by some letters which I 
have received from my friends, of your safe arrival 
at the island of Poros, I was truly overwhelmed 
with joy. This truly shows your benevolence and 
goodness, because you practise and follow with an 
ardent desire theobject of doing good, in assisting the 
afflicted and distressed of my country, in general, and 
especially the Athenians, who are now wandering 
with their wives and children, here and there, with- 
out homes, naked and barefoot, begging their scanty 
subsistence, without the means of providing their 
daily bread. Charity is the greatest virtue existing 
among men, and those who practise it are blessed 
by the Lord Jesus Christ, and by the God of all 
grace in the holy gospel. "Blessed are the merci- 
ful, for they shall receive mercy. 55 If many philan- 
thropists who have given charity to those that were 
hungered, have been rewarded by God, you will be 
much more so, inasmuch as you are really a minis- 
ter of mercy, and pursue the course with pleasure, 
without consulting either fatigue or danger, but 
only trusting in the benevolent God for protection. 
Like the apostles, you have become a real minister 
of charity. The poor widows and orphans offer to 
yoii and your countrymen, their thanks ; and are 
praying to God for your health, happiness, and 
prosperity, and are watering their petitions with 
tears. O ! how much I regret, that from a 

* This letter is written in a beautiful band, in the Greek language, 

by the Bishop, who is over sixty years of age. We have annexed a 

fac simile of the original, that the Scavans may compare it with thf 

it Greek. The letters and communications received by Mr 

Miller were sometimes written in French, and sometimes in Greek, ij; 

which he speaks fluently. See Additional Notes, ]$o t ■ 



Lvyl/r'Ltjai «j/«fl*y.*» l\ Capita ^'pll ^ A H^f. 



ja'Ufciv sfifyvl fyu&bt tA * wane* **v,9tp , W ^>#»/flvw liAjtiA ft&yn gaC^, 
f\UA> j'n Xv/KMvtfvif ^MifAwlr *<G0P^?rfi tvthfitif .. /g^7;^^'i 2.(9- 

Hit Vyt6%QtA\ ct^tj^Aoy ^ 

«*/ tf»* *A}<*jtfjnt %' a Asp io 



52 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

wound in my foot, I am prevented from coming 
thither, and doing my duty by thanking you, fov 
your trouble to assist my friends and brothers. As 
my wound is daily getting better, I hope to be able to 
come by the first of next week, and by the help of 
God to satisfy my conviction of duty. Farewell. 
I am truly yours, 

NEOPHYTOS, Bishop of Tallantl 

hland of Hydra, June Uh, 1827. 

Informed of many distressed Families, 
Poros,June 10, 1827. — In the morning I received 
a message from the Government, requesting me to 
call upon them, which I did immediately, and was 
presented with a catalogue of eight hundred and three 
families, the heads of which have either been killed, 
or have died in the service. The widows and or- 
phans they have collected, and are to send them to 
me in the afternoon, to receive clothes, shoes, and 
whatever else I may chance to have, to relieve their 
wants, 

I $mii ninety-five barrels of Indian meal to CoL 
Ilydeck at Corinth, according to previous arrange- 
ment, to be applied by him in the best manner to 
meet the views of the committee. 

Received the following letter from Capt. Has 
tings, in relation to the salt provisions. 

From Capt. Hastings to J. P. Miller. 
Sir,— I beg you to allow me to purchase from 
you, ten barrels of salt meat, for the sea service of 
the Karteria steam vessel, under my command. In 
doing this, you will be aiding, rather than opposing* 
the objects of the committee who have charged you 
with these stores; since the money (as you must be 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 53 

well aware) will be of more service to the poor, 
than the meat could possibly be. 
I have the honour to be, 

Sir, your obedient servant, 

FRANK HENRY HASTINGS, 
Capt. Gr. Vessel of War, Karteria. 

At Poros, June Mh, 1827. 

As I am perfectly satisfied of the correctness of 
Capt. Hastings 9 remarks, I delivered to him ten 
barrels of salt meat. It is very difficult for me, or any 
one of my assistants to distribute this kind of food 
in retail, and it is not so well adapted to the starving 
inhabitants, as flour or meal, ff, therefore, any 
part of the cargo must be sacrificed to pay ex- 
penses, it is better to take the salt meat than any 
other. Received from Capt. Hastings his order 
on Col. Hydeck for fifty dollars, in payment for the 
salt meat. 

•Account of the Expenses in discharging the remainder 
of the Cargo, at Poros. 
The secretary of Col. Hydeck gave me this 
aftertioon (10th June), a list of the articles received 
from on board the Chancellor, with an account of 
the expenses incurred in discharging the^argo, viz. 

Received in Magazine. 
20 barrels salt meat, 
125 tierces rice, 

5 do Indian corn, 
553 barrels flour and Indian meal, 
5G half barrels flour, 
1 box and 2 bales dry goods. 
GEORGE STENOS, Sec'yto Col Hydeck 



54 * CONDITION OP GREECE. 

Paid Expenses. 

Piastres. Paras 3 

For clearing the Magazine, 33 20 

boats employed in conveying barrels, 164 34 
seven labourers employed in storing 

barrels, 76 00 

two men to oversee labourers, 9 00 

twelve men to assist in unloading boats, 36 00 
provisions and wine for labourers, 30 14 

repair of boat injured, 50 00 



Piastres, 394 34 
GEO. STENOS, Sec% $c. 

As one of the boats was broken by the can-hooks 
slipping off from a tierce of rice, and the owner of 
it being poor, 1 allowed for the repairing of it, fifty 
piastres, making the whole expense of unlading at 
Poros, three ^hundred and ninety-four piastres and 
thirty-four paras.* 

Distribute to a Multitude in Distress. 

The remainder of the afternoon was spent in the 
laborious occupation of distributing personally to 
those of whom a list was delivered to me in the 
morning by the Government 

Opened the box of '-lathing from Orange, New- 
Jersey, and began distributing to those who were 
nearly naked. In half an hour, there were col- 
lected around my quarters, at least a thousand 
women and children. In order to prevent any de- 
ception on the part of those to whom I should give, 

* Equal to about 27.65 dollars— a piastre being equal to aboil? 
seven cents, and a para to the fifth part of a cent. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. &6 

f placed several soldiers outside of the door, who 
selected those who were nearly naked, and passed 
them into the house, where, with the assistance of 
two old women, they were clothed and passed out, 
the soldiers taking care that they did not come a 
second time. 

It was a novel sight to see the young Hellens 
rigged out in the Frank dress. Some of them 
were so much pleased with the checkered cotton 
dresses, that they would fairly laugh out when we 
were putting them on. The Greeks, amid all their 
distresses, are ever fond of jokes ; and many plea- 
santries occurred to alleviate my feelings in witness- 
ing so much misery. 

Among the many real objects of charity presented 
to-day, there was one woman who was well dressed, 
but being in a situation which naturally excites 
compassion, she importuned me a great while to 
give her something to make her comfortable at the 
birth of her child. The naked remonstrated against 
her petitions, saying, that she had clothes and they 
had none. At length, I found a shirt for an infant, 
which I gave her, against the time of need ; upon 
which, the ragged multitude raised such a shout of 
disapprobation, that the woman went away, and 
troubled me no more. 

A beautiful Athenian. 
The gown pattern, presented to some fair Miss 
of Greece, by two young men of New-Jersey, I 
gave to an Athenian girl, who had lost her father 
and all her property in the recent fall of Athens. 
She was indeed beautiful ; and if the young men 
who contributed to cover her nakedness, and shield 
her from the glare of sensuality, had seen her in 



66 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

her new costume, I doubt if there would not have 
been a contest for her favour. I believe her charms 
would have produced a simultaneous expression in 
the words of Byron — 

6t Maid of Athens ! ere we part, 
Give, oh ! give me back nay heart." 

I finished the distribution of all the ready made 
clothing in the boxes from Orange, in New- Jersey j 
and the boxes of shoes from Newark. 

Difficulties in Distributing. 
The wretched state in which this country is at 
present, renders it almost impossible to do business 
with any great degree of exactness. I have found 
it impossible to keep a detailed account of all the 
articles as I gave them out, or to describe the indi- 
viduals to whom I gave them. Many of the bun- 
dles and articles of clothing contained sentiments^ 
and directions with which it was entirely out of my 
power to comply. The man of business will under- 
stand me, and I hope all will excuse me for not 
being more particular, when they are informed that 
I have no one to write in English but myself, and 
this I do while sitting on a mat with my desk upon 
my knees, and often surrounded by a hundred 
beings of the grade between the pretending gentle- 
man and the downright knave, more ravenous iri 
their disposition than Virgil's Harpies — too lazy to 
work, and too cowardly to fight, and who are con- 
stantly laying plans to induce the Government to 
persaude me to fill their maws with food designed 
for honest men. 

" Oh ! what a goodly outside falsehood batlv 



CONDITION OF GREECE. W 

Twice I have detected these fellows, just as they 
were on the point of deceiving both the Govern- 
ment and myself. 

More Distressed Families. 

June '11, 1827. — Received a message from the 
Government this morning, requesting me to call on 
them. On presenting myself, I found that they 
had prepared another catalogue of ninety-live 
widows and orphans, belonging to the island of 
toros, whose husbands and fathers had been killed 
in this revolution. To these, the government 
wished me to give two thousand okas of flour, 
equal to twenty-six barrels and two-thirds (an oka 
being about two pounds and a half). 

After stating to the Government my views in re* 
spect to an equal distribution of the flour, they pre- 
sented the widows and orphans, whose tears I could 
not withstand, and so I gave them my word that as 
soon as Col. Hydeck should return, we would deli- 
ver them the flour. I took this precaution for fear 
they might also draw upon the Colonel,, after I had 
-given them their share. 

Supply the Hospital, 
I delivered to the Superintendent of the Hospi- 
tal at Methana, two hundred shirts ready made, and 
one roll of sheeting from the cargo of the Tontine ? 
from Philadelphia ; and one hundred-and forty-one 
pair of men's shoes, from the boxes sent from 
Newark, New-Jersey, and from Fairhaven, by the 
Chancellor, from New- York. For these, Dr. Chi- 
nachidesetti gave a receipt. 

F 



58 CONDITION OP GREECE* 

Petition from the Authorities of the Island of Spetzia, 
From the Government of Spetzia, I received a 
letter, of which the following is a translation. 

<c We, the police of the island of Spetzia, being 
informed that Spyrus Karoses has a family of ele- 
ven individuals, viz. four girls, three boys, two aged 
parents, himself and wife, all of whom are unable 
to work, from sickness. Though he labours with 
all his strength every day, yet he is not able to pro- 
vide sufficient food to support his family. He is 
therefore coming to Poros, in hopes of finding some 
remedy for his wants. The present writing is given 
him as a testimony of his being really in want. 

O. SCATEUS, Minister of Police, 

Spetzia, May 2$th, 1827." 

After having the above letter by me for some 
time, without complying with the request contained 
in it, apprehensive of an imposition, I at length de- 
cided on sending this family half a barrel of flour ; 
having been otherways satisfied that the letter con- 
tained a true statement. 

As the Spetziotes contrived, as they thought, a 
deep plan to deceive me on my first arrival with 
the Chancellor at Napoli di Romania, I have 
since been quite suspicious of them. As soon 
as they heard of my arrival at Napoli, they found 
some one who could write English, and after writing 
an order in Greek for me to repair with the cargo 
of the Chancellor, to that island, immediately, they 
signed Lord Cochrane's name to it, and then had it 
put into English, i, of course 3 paid little attention 
to it, and in a few days discovered the whole to hi 
a forgery. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 59 

Civil War at Napoli. 

A courier arrived, bringing news that a civil war 
had broken out and is now raging at Napoli di Ro- 
mania, between old Colocotroni and Grivas, the 
commander of the Pallamedi. It is also stated that 
two hundred have been killed. 

June 12, 1827. — One of the men employed by 
Dr. Howe in distributing the flour, arrived at Poros 
this morning from Napoli di Romania, and confirms 
the report of the civil war. but states that only 
three had been killed. This man's life had been 
threatened by Colocotroni, from suspicion that he 
advised Dr. Howe not to give him six hundred 
barrels of flour, the amount of the old klepht's de- 
mand. 

Col. Fabvier. 

In the afternoon this gentleman called upon me. 
As I had been acquainted with him when I was in 
Greece before, I was rejoiced to see him. Fabvier 
is a man of military talents, and has seen much 
service. He was aid-de-camp to Marmont at the 
the battle of Salamanca, in Spain, Being sent 
with despatches from Spain to Napoleon in Russia^ 
he arrived at the French camp the evening before 
the great battle of Borodino, in which he volun- 
teered his services, and was wounded. He was 
afterwards sent by the Emperor to Persia, &c. He 
entered the Greek service in 1825, and though in 
some respects he has been unfortunate, yet he has 
always conducted himself like a brave man and an 
able soldier. 

He gave me a detailed account of the terms of 
capitulation made at Athens between the garrison 
and the Turkish Siraskier, and the reasons which 



00 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

fed to them. Though there was barely sufficient to 
enable the garrison to hold out two months ; yet as 
Gen. Church had abandoned Attica altogether, the 
soldiers within the Acropolis became clamorous, 
saying that they were willing to cut their way 
through the Turks to the Piraeus, but as there 
were no boats there to receive them, they would 
only be cut to pieces. The chiefs therefore found 
it necessary to capitulate. The terms were, that 
the garrison and the families within the Acropolis 
should come out with their arms and all their ef- 
fects* and that they should be conveyed in neutral 
vessels to some part of the Morea which is in the 
possession of the Greeks. The capitulation was 
well kept. 

Fabvier speaks in high terms of the talents of the 
Seraskier. It appears that this man is from Geor- 
gia, and a Christian by birth, but being taken young 
by the Turks, was purchased by a merchant of 
Keritaia, a town in Asia Minor and from a slave^ 
has risen by his prowess to be a Pacha of three 
tails, 

Demetrius Kallergis and a deaf and dumb Soldier, 
In the evening 1 called upon Demetrius Kallergis, 
with whom I formerly served in the Island of Can» 
dia. He is now recovering from the wounds which 
he received at Athens, but the poor fellow's ears are 
probably by this time at Constantinople. 

Kallergis related the veteran like manner in 
which a deaf and dumb soldier of his died at Athens 
while defending him. Kallergis having fallen, and 
being unable to defend himself on account of his 
wounds, was surrounded by a party of Turks. His 
mute soldier took post over his body, and tor a time 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 61 

defended his master, and kept the Turks at bay. 
but was finally cut down dead on the spot. Kal~ 
lergis had his ears shaved off close to his head, but 
his life was spared, and he was afterwards ran* 
somed for a large sum of money. 

Jin aged Priest. 
A Greek Priest, bowed down with age, and 
nearly naked, called late in the evening for the 
purpose of getting something to relieve his wants. 
I gave him cloth to make him a suit of clothes and 
a shirt. The old man shed tears, and was on the 
point of prostrating himself at my feet, after the 
custom of the East, when I prevented him. I in- 
formed him that 1 was only the almoner of my 
countrymen's charity to the distressed of his na- 
tion, and that it becomes men to bow themselves 
before their Creator only, from whose hand comes 
every good gift. 

Information from Dr. Howe. 
Wednesday, June 13, 1827. — Early in the morn- 
mg I received a letter from Dr. Howe, dated at 
Napoli, on Monday evening the 11th, in which he 
writes that he anticipated great trouble the next 
morning ; but as he. had only fifty barrels left, there 
cannot be a great perversion made of the dona- 
tions, even if the chiefs should again seize them. 

Government recommend other objects of Charity. 

The Government sent me a request in favour of 
four families, who were in great distress. Three 
of them I found to be really so, but the husband of 
the other family was living and in health : he had 
been a man of some property, but is at present 
. F2 



82 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

poor. I told him at once that I could not givehira 
any thing, so long as there were so many widows 
and orphans perishing from hunger, and that, as 
he was able, he must work. He replied that he 
had no trade. I directed him to go and pick up 
snails, and I would buy them of him. His son, who 
was near, said that if I did not give to him, he 
would go and get his arms, and see what I would 
do then, I told him if he was not off immediately, 
I would flog him, and if he returned with his arms 
I would shoot him, sans ceremonie. 

I then returned the letter to the Government, 
requesting them to alter it They approved of 
what I had done, and altered the letter, of which 
the following is a translation : 

Government of Greece — to J. P. Miller, Agent, fyc> 
Sir — Beside other Greek families who are in 
great want, there are several from Livadia and 
Thebes, who are wandering in the Islands of Egina, 
Salamis, and Ankistrij and others at Epidaurus, 
worth) of compassion and charity. Here are also 
some poor families who were formerly rich, but are 
now reduced to the last para. The three widows, 
Constantina, Roiandrew, and Orsa, with their or- 
phan children, we consider worthy of charity, on 
account of their great misfortunes. 

G. MAVROMICHALIS, 

J. M. MILAITES, 

J. NAKOS, 

G. GLARAKIS, Sec'y of Statu 

Reflections on the misery of the people. 
Let me escape tke censure of doubting the su 
fuerintending Providence of an all-wise Creator} 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 63 

But when I see the indescribable wretchedness 
which daily surrounds me, I often inquire — why 
have these beings been called into existence to 
suffer such extremes of misery 1 Alas ! it is quite 
too much for me ; my soul is often on fire, and my 
wishes towards Europe, (that coolly permits such 
horrors as these to exist,) are, that to them ere long. 

" The gates of mercy, ' may 1 all be shut up, 
And the flush'd soldier, rough, and hard of heart, 
In liberty of bloody hand, may range 
With conscience wide as Hell." Shakspeare, 

O that with five loaves and a few small fishes I 
could feed and satisfy as many as did Him, who 
died for the good of mankind. 

Sick from fatigue and exposure. 

In the evening, though fatigued from the occur- 
rences of the day, I wrote a letter to the Greek 
Committee at New- York, by the way of England. 

In the night I was attacked with a severe pain in 
the chest, which threatened to terminate in a fever, 

June 14. — Arose in the morning quite unwell, 
and was soon obliged to take to my mat again. 
Called a barber and was bled. Confined to my 
quarters all day. 

Report from Corinth. 
Col. Hydeck arrived in the evening from Co- 
rinth, and gave me a most melancholy picture of 
the miserable state of the inhabitants in and about 
that place. He reported that the Indian meal was 
put into the hands of faithful individuals selected 
for the purpose of distributing it to the poor, and 
that it was so distributed. The rice, he stated, as 



64 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

by previous agreement, had been deposited for the 
use of the sick. 

Jl Priest refused. 
A sturdy priest called late in the evening, and 
asked for charity. I inquired if he had a family, to 
which he replied that he was not married. " Are 
you sick?" "No," said he ; " but I am a priest, 
and am not able to work," « Go," said I, " I can 
give you nothing ; go find yourself a wife, and raise 
up soldiers to fight for your country." The fellow 
went away quite mortified. 

Threatened by the Soldiers. 

June 15. — Still unwell, but passed the night more 
comfortably than the preceding. 

Col. Hydeck called in the morning, and we 
compared our catalogues, to prevent deception. I 
found mine to contain twelve hundred widows and 
orphans, to whom it was decided to give one hun« 
dred and fifteen barrels of flour, to be divided 
equally among them all. This created a great dis- 
turbance, especially among the families of Poros, 
to whom I had previously agreed to give two thou- 
sand okas; but upon further reflection, and a 
knowledge of the wide-spread distress, I considered 
it improper to make any distinction. 

I sent to the Government, to inform them that I 
could not possibly make any other distinction be- 
tween the applicants than what their wants de- 
manded, and as this could not be precisely ascer- 
tained, I should proceed to deliver to all of them 
alike. Several Poriote soldiers threatened me 
with vengeance, if I did not deliver to the families 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 6& 

of the Island according to the demand of the Go- 
vernment, 

I sent a message to the Government, to say that 
I was so indisposed as not to be able to call upon 
them : that conceiving the course I was pursuing,, 
by delivering to the widows and orphans equal por«» 
tions of flour, was just and equitable, and that as a 
Republican i could not do otherwise ; I therefore 
was determined to persist in it until I should ac« 
complish my object, or be obliged to abandon it by 
force. 

The Government returned me an answer, that 
they were satisfied that I was right, and gave as- 
surance that no violence should be offered me. 

Received from Capt. Hastings, by the hands of 
William Karing, Esq. fifty dollars, in full for ten 
barrels of salt meat, sold him for the use of the 
Karteria. 

CoL Fabvier refused. 

Col. Fabvier made an application to me, to sup« 
ply his soldiers with some clothing, and some of 
them who had recently come out of the Acropolis 
were quite destitute of clothes. I could do nothing 
more than show him my instructions from the Greek 
Committee in New- York, which was the politest 
way of refusing his request. 

Gave cloth to six girls and four small boys, suffi- 
cient to make them all suits of clothes. Gave also 
to six women, a pair of shoes to each. 

In the evening I was introduced to Capt. Tho- 
mas, an Englishman, formerly in the Mexican ser- 
vice, but now commanding a Greek brig of war. 
Also to a German by the name of Miller, who ar- 
rived in Greece soon after I left the country last 



titi CONDITION OF GREECE. 

year. He is said to have served with honour since 
engaged in this cause. 

The Captain of the boat who took me to Napoli 
di Romania and brought me back, presented me 
with his bill, which 1 paid, amounting to eight 
dollars. 

Distribute to nearly two thousand souls. 
June 16. — Commenced delivering out the flour 
to the poor widows and orphans at Poros, collected 
from various places. To those of Poros I gave 
seven barrels of flour, which were divided equally 
among ninety-seven souls : to the others I deli- 
vered one hundred and twenty barrels of flour, to 
be divided among one thousand eight hundred and 
two souls. Sent the half barrel to Spetzia for the 
suffering family of eleven individuals. Also deli- 
i vered about one thousand yards of cotton and 
woqllen cloth to the naked. 

Relinquish claim to the cargo of the Tontine. 
I have found it quite a delicate thing to interfere 
in the distribution of the cargo of the Tontine from 
Philadelphia, although requested by Mr. Worral, 
the supercargo and agent, to assist him. The cargo 
of this vessel was delivered into the hands of the 
Government before my arrival, and I have there- 
fore no actual claim to it. Believing, however, 
that the Government would follow, as far as may 
be in their power, the instructions of the Philadel- 
phia Committee, I gave them, at their request, the 
following letter : 

To the Government of Greece. 
Gentlemen— As the cargo of the Tontine wa$ 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 6/ 

delivered into your hands before my arrival, I think 
it improper for me to demand its being delivered to 
me, when, I am sensible, you are much better ac- 
quainted with the wants of your countrymen than 
myself ; I therefore deliver up to your honourable 
body all the right which I may have over the said 
cargo, begging you to bear in mind that I have 
given my word, that I would do all in my power to 
secure its delivery to the objects for whose relief it 
has been sent from the United States. The letter 
of instructions from the Philadelphia Committee 
you have already. I herewith enclose you the in- 
voice of said cargo. With due respect, I have the 
honour to be, Gentlemen, your humble servant, 
J. P. MILLER, Agent, $c 

Porosy June 16, 1827. 

Blessing from a sick woman. 
In the evening I took a long walk on the Pelo 
ponnesian side of the Island. After walking some 
distance in the mountains, I found a family under 
a tree, the mother of which was sick of a fever, with 
four children around her. Having nothing else 
with me, I gave the mother two dollars, at the same 
time telling her that it was a donation from the 
ladies in America. The poor creature was over- 
whelmed with joy. She called upon God to bless 
the souls of those who had so liberally supplied her 
wants. 

Send provisions to Egim. 

Ju:%e 17. — In the morning I sent Mr. George 

Constantine, a young man whom I have known 

since 1 first came to Greece, with seventy-five 

barrels of flour, and twenty-five barrels of corn 



88 CONMTION OP GREECE. 

meal, to the Island of Egina. I also sent tw& 
pieces of woollen and two of cotton cloth, twenty- 
eight pair of women's and children's shoes, and 
two hundred suits of clothes from the box sent from 
New-Haven, in Connecticut. Gen. Jarvis, who 
is now at Egina, will assist Constantine in the dis- 
tribution. 

After obtaining a letter from the General Go- 
vernment to the police of Egina, I addressed the 
following letter to the Primates of that Island : 

To the Primates of the Island of Egina. 
Gentlemen— I herewith send to your Island, 
tinder the care of Mr. George Constantine, seven- 
ty-five barrels of flour, and twenty-five barrels of 
Indian meal, together with a large present of cloth ? 
clothes, and shoes, all the donations of American 
citizens to the distressed widows, orphans, and old 
men, who mav happen to be in Egina. I have 
given to Mr. Constantine, and to my countryman, 
Mr. Jarvis, full power to distribute the above men- 
tioned articles, in such manner as they shall think 
proper. Trusting, gentlemen, to your goodness to 
furnish them with a magazine, and to afford them 
every assistance in your power, towards accom- 
plishing the object of their voyage, 

I subscribe myself your 

obedient and humble servant, 
J. P. MILLER, Agent, fe 

Poros, June 17, 1827. A 

Distributed a piece of cotton cloth and two of 
fustian to several Athenian families. 

A little after sunset a soldier of Gen. Makroaina 
was killed in a quarrel with a Poriote, near my 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 63 

quarters. When we consider that all the Greeks 
are armed, and that they have no other way of set- 
tling their quarrels, but in using them, it is rather 
a matter of wonder that no more of them are killed, 
Two persons came to solicit cloth, in order to 
lay out a person who had just departed this life, I 
trust for a better. I refused to give them any while 
so many of the living were naked. 

Adopt an Orphan Boy. 

While walking in the streets, I observed a boy 
and girl hand in hand, almost naked. The girl 
appeared about nine, and the boy about seven years 
of age. On inquiry, I found that they were or- 
phans, and that their father had been driven from 
Haivali (a town in Asia Minor) by the Turks, and 
had nobly fallen in battle. This boy I have taken 
as my own, with the consent of the Government ; 
and by the blessing of God, who early taught me 
to feel the loss of a father, I am determined, that 
in me he shall ever find a friend and protector 
The little girl, when she found her brother was 
preferred, wept most bitterly; but what can I do 1 
Great God ! thou knowest my heart ; if I could 
save this people, I would not count my life dear 
unto myself. 

June 18. — Gave to the refugees from Thebes 
and Athens fifty-five garments, out of the box sent 
from New-Haven, in Connecticut ; also six pair of 
*hoes. 

In the evening I saw upon the Platine a man 
whom I thought I knew, though he was disguised 
In a Hydraote dress. It proved to be one Allen, 
Irom Kentucky, a man whom I am ashamed to ac- 
knowledge as a countryman. An v thing further 
G 



TO CONDITION OF GREECE. 

concerning this person, will not be necessary for 
those who have been in the Levant for the last 
three years. 

Received two letters from Dr. Howe, dated at 
Napoli di Romania, in which he complains of the 
great trouble and difficulty he meets with in distri- 
buting provisions. 

June 20. — Last evening I had the pleasure of 
Capt. Thomas's company. I am highly pleased 
with this man. Though an Irishman by birth, he 
is a denizen of the United States, and a real friend 
to liberty 

Received a letter from George Constantine, at 
Egina, saying that every thing goes on well there in 
regard to the distribution. 

Protect a Boy in danger. 
A lad came to my house in great haste, unable to 
speak a word of Greek, and in a state of much tre- 
pidation and terror. My servant, who is from Cy- 
prus, understanding the Turkish language, asked 
him what was the matter ? He replied that his 
master being offended, was in search of him to kill 
him, declaring that he was a Turk. The lad de- 
clared that he was a Sciote by birth, and was taken 
by the Turks at the time of the massacre at that 
Island, and had since been at Constantinople, 
where he had forgotten his native language. Be- 
ing in a Turkish ship belonging to his master, he 
was taken by the Greeks, and his master getting in 
a passion with him, was on the point of killing 
him. He had made his escape, and fled to my 
house for protection, which I gave him. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 71 

U. S. ship Warren and Officers, 

At eleven o'clock what was my delight to find 
an officer who was approaching my quarters to 
be Lieut. Hudson, of the U. S. ship Warren, which 
had just arrived from Smyrna. Capt. Kearney, 
her commander, had, on his arrival off Poros, po- 
litely sent on shore to inquire if there was any 
thing which he could do for me in order to secure 
the safe delivery of the American donations, and 
also to offer me any other assistance which might 
be in his power. 

My heart swells with gratitude towards my gal- 
lant countrymen, for their kindness to me. 1 went 
on board the Warren, where I met with a most 
kind reception from Capt. Kearney and the officers 
under his command. The officers and all on board 
expressed the greatest desire for the success of this 
unfortunate people. As the wind was contrary, 
Capt. Kearney concluded it best to bring his ship 
to anchor, and remain until the morrow. 

On leaving the Warren, the officers of the ward- 
room presented three barrels of flour, to be distri- 
buted as I should think proper among the widows 
and orphans of Poros. Several of the officers ac- 
companied me on shore, and among the number 
was Lieut. Sawyer, from Burlington, Vermont, with 
whose family I have been a long time acquainted. 

I introduce^ the gentlemen to G. Giarakis, the 
Secretary of State, and after parting with him, en- 
deavoured to make them as comfortable as possible 
in my poor quarters. 

Shocking Barbarity. 
June 21. — There arrived at this place last eve- 
ning six females, who had just escaped from the 



VZ CONDITION OP GREECE* 

Arabs. Early this morning they were brought io 
my quarters. On going out, O, God of mercy ! 
what a sight was presented to my view ! ! A girl of 
eleven or twelve years of age stood before me, with 
her nose cut off close to her face, and her lips all 
cut offj so that ? he gums and jaws were left entirely 
naked. All this had been done more than a year 
ago, and the poor creature was yet alive. Her re- 
fusal to yield to the embraces of an Arab was the 
cause of this horrid and shocking barbarity. 

This girl I was determined to exhibit on board 
the Warren, mit Capt. Kearney arrived on shore 
just as I was on the point of putting off for this 
purpose. To that gentleman I would refer the in- 
quirer concerning this shocking sight Capt. Kear- 
ney gave the poor creature two dollars. 

More cruelties. 

The other five females had submitted to nume- 
rous hardships, abuses, wounds, and sufferings. 
One of the five, a woman about twenty- five years 
old, gave me, in the presence of Jarvis, who arrived 
about ten minutes after Capt. Kearney had left, a 
relation of her captivity. After having had her 
husband killed before her eyes, she was taken by a 
par*y of Arabs, wno inflicted wounds and such 
personal abuses as cannot be related. " God for- 
give rrte," said she, " for my sins, that I had not 
died rather thsua hate ever submitted to such treat- 
ment." The. po< r creature wept, and 1 kept her 
company. " O God,' 5 said I, " it is too much for 
me to hear ! !" 

I clothed all the poor creatures comfortably, 
and ^ave hem six dollars in money. 

Two pieces of cotton cloth ? ?md three pieces o\ 



CONDITION OP GREECE* 73 

woollen, were distributed to a number of other 
naked and suffering beings. 

Before Capt. Kearney left the Island, I intro- 
duced him to the Government, and to Mavrocor- 
dato, and several other Greek Chiefs, who were 
exceedingly pleased with the visit. At his departure 
I accompanied him to the shore, and took my leave 
of as generous a man as our navy can boast of 
having. 

By the Warren I sent a case of surgical instru- 
ments to Dr. Howe, received from Mr. Worrell of 
the Tontine. 

Developement about the protected Boy. 
Towards night G. Glarakis, Secretary of State, 
called upon me, and stated that the boy who had 
taken refuge in my house, was found, on further 
investigation, to be a Turk, and had invented the 
tale of his being a Seiote for the purpose of saving 
his life. Although from the specimens of Turkish 
barbarity which I have had before me to-day, I feel 
but little compassion for such hellish miscreants, 
yet I have taken him under my protection, and 
shall do all in my power to comply with the request 
contained in the following letter : 

Translation. 
This boy, byname Cbemsit, and son of Champts 
Aga, being a Lakiss Agatri in Constantinople, is in 
nowise, as he falsely states, a Christian. My wish 
is, to beg you, my dear Sir, to use your influence 
with the Captain of the American frigate to take 
him on board, as he is in danger of losing his life 
here, in case there should be any particular act oi 
barbarity committed by the Turks. 
G2 



74 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

My sister is at present a slave in the Inland of 
Scio, at a village called Vassilonicon. Her name 
is Margareta Tharatina, and in Turkish, Sevasti. 
By inquiring at Scio after the name of this person, 
the affair might be settled to the great satisfaction 
of both parties, by an exchange. 

I have the honour to be yours truly, 

ANTONIOS THARATL 

Poros, June 21, 1827. 

After receiving the foregoing letter, I continued 
to deliver personally to numerous individuals gar- 
ments and cloth, and dealt out some portions of rice 
to the sick. The scene of misery which from 
morning till night is exhibited around my quarters. 
is quite sufficient to appal the heart of any one. 

June 22. — Gave out to-day, cloth, and some 
suits of clothes, to the refugees who are daily 
coming in from Attica, 

The Greek Government. 

June 23. — Spent the day in arranging affairs re- 
lative to the distribution at Yankres, and in writing 
letters to the United States. 

One may judge of the inefficiency of the present 
Greek Government, which has neither money nor 
power, by the following anecdote : 

A boat loaded with wheat happened to be robbed 
by pirates, at no great distance from Poros. The 
boatmen immediately came to the Island and laid 
their case before the Government, who sent them 
to me with a request that I would give them two 
thousand okas of Hour. I went directly to the go- 
vernment, and demanded the reason of so singular 
a request. The Secretary replied, that he knew it 



CONDITION OP GREECE, <<> 

was wrong, but,, in order to get rid of the men, the 
order was given, knowing, at the same time, that I 
would refuse them. 

Increased distress at Corinth, 
Sunday, June 24.— Jarvis gives such a melancholy 
account of the sufferings of the population from Li~ 
vadia, Thebes, Megara, and Attica, now assembled 
on the isthmus of Corinth at the port of the ancient 
Cenchrea, now Yankres, where numbers daily 
perish for want of food, that we have thought it 
best to send thither some additional supplies imme- 
diately. Jarvis will, therefore, set off to-morrow 
with one hundred barrels of Indian meal, and 
twenty-five tierces of rice. He will also take two . 
pieces of cotton cloth, four pieces of striped cotton, 
thirty pair of women's and children's shoes, and 
fifteen ready-made garments ; all of which he will 
distribute among the sufferers, and make out as 
regular a report of the same as possible on his re 
turn. 

•fl. Polander in distress. 
A Pole, by the name of Surjeskey, whom I ha\£ 
known since my first arrival in Greece in 1824. 
called upon me. I was rejoiced to find him, still 
living, as I knew him to be a brave and generous 
man, who has served in Greece from the best oi 
motives. Surjeskey informed me that he was with- 
out money and clothes. I thought of the name of 
Kosciusko, his services in the cause of my country, 
m the days of trial which our fathers endured, and 
so far deviated from my instructions as to supply 
Surjeskey with a trifle of both these articles, of 
^ r hich he stood in ^reat need. 



76 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

Cargo of the Tontine sold. 

Irregularities daily multiply, and it is extremely 
difficult to know whom to trust. After I had sent 
the letter of the 16th June to the Government, re- 
signing into their hands all the right which I might 
have to the cargo of the Tontine, (which right was 
nothing at all, the property having been previously 
given to them,) Col. Hydeck, the Bavarian agent, 
purchased the cargo for 2,550 dollars; but on go- 
ing to the magazine, he found that the men with 
whom the government had intrusted the keys, had 
stolen nearly one third of the property. Previous 
to my sending the above-mentioned letter to the 
acting Government, I had several times requested 
them to give up the keys of the magazine to me, 
that I might assist in the distribution, according to 
the request of Mr. Worrell, the agent from Phila- 
delphia ; but their excuses were of such a Levantine 
(evasive) nature, that I well knew they never in- 
tended to do it. 

Col. Hydeck assures me that his only object in 
purchasing the above cargo, is to devote it scrupu- 
lously to the good of Greece. 

In the night, I was again attacked with a violent 
pain in my head, and fever. The town of Poros is 
entirely excluded from the north wind, which is 
always refreshing at this season of the year. To 
this circumstance, and that of having bad water, is 
attributed its unhealthiness. 

June 25. — Gen. Jarvis sailed in the course of the 
forenoon, with the before mentioned cargo, for 
Cenchrea, (now Yankres) taking with him several 
armed men as a precaution against pirates. 

Received the following note from the Govern- 
ment in favour of an Hydraote family in distress : 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 7* 

Sir — Aietas Lupergos, has a family of five per- 
sons whom he is unable to support, having lost a 
leg and an arm before Athens ; this is therefore to 
beg you to assist his suffering family, as they are in 
great want. Yours, truly, 

By order of the Government, 
G. GLARAKIS, Sec'rij. 

In conformity with the above request, I gave the 
family half a barrel of flour. 

Glarakis came to take leave of me previous to 
his setting off for Napoli di Romania, for which 
place the Government is to set off this evening. 
He recommended a widow to me for charity. As 
she had friends living at. Cephalonia, (one of the 
Ionian Islands) I gave her two dollars to pay her 
passage and that of her two children to that Island, 

The Turkish boy I sent to Dr. Howe at Napoli 
di Romania, by Glarakis, as I could do uothing with 
the stubborn cur, without killing him ; for the bet- 
ter I used him, the worse he behaved. By this 
course I was in hopes of procuring a passage to 
Smyrna, and having him exchanged for the sister of 
Tharati, as requested by his letter of the 21st June, 
1827, and who was a prisoner among the Turks in 
Scio. 

June 26. — Although still unwell, the constant 
presentation of distress in various forms, draws oft 
my attention from my own comparatively insignifi- 
cant sufferings. 

Distributed to the poor two pieces of fustian 
cloth, and several pairs of women's and children's 
shoes. 



78 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

A Murder. 

A Poriote killed this afternoon a lovely young 
girl from Argos, The murderer was instigated by 
jealousy, to commit this foul deed. He made his 
escape to the mountains, little or no exertions being 
made to bring him to justice. 

June 27. — Received the following letter from 
Constantine at Egina : 

My Dear Sir — I have the pleasure to inform 
you, that after great trouble in arranging the cata- 
logues, they are at length finished, and I have be- 
gun distributing to-day, giving to each individual 
one oka and a halt (about 3J lbs.) of flour or meal 
The expenses are very great, and I can get no 
more than one piastre (about seven cents) a piece 
for the empty barrels. 

I remain truly yours, 
GEORGE CONSTANTINE. 

Egina, June 23d, 1827. 

I sold to Capt. Coldridge a box of white wool 
hats, for the small sum of one dollar and twelve 
cents, it bring all I could possibly get for them, as 
they had been damaged by the salt water. Capt. 
Coldridge took them in order to have them covered 
with canvass for his sailors. The idea of hats or 
caps as a dress for the head in this country being as 
novel as that of turbans for men in the United 
States. 

June 28. — I also sold to Capt. Coldridge two 
barrels of flour for fourteen dollars. As my ex- 
penses are daily increasing, I am obliged to meet 
them. We now have to employ three men, since 
the Government removed to Napoli, to guard the 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 79 

magazines at night, CoL Hydeck having had one 
of his broken open and several articles stolen. 

Received a letter from Dr. Howe at Napoli, and 
he informs me that the U. S. ship Warren, Capt 
Kearney, sailed for Smyrna, but is to return in ten 
or twelve days. 

Constantine returned from Egina in the after- 
noon, and gave me the following account of the 
distribution at that place : 

Distribution at Egina. 

To J. P. Miller, #c. Dear Sir — On my arri- 
val at Egina, I called upon the government of the 
Island, delivered to them my letters from the Ge- 
neral Government, and explained to them the in- 
structions which I had received from you. I was 
immediately furnished with a magazine to store my 
flour, and committees were formed to make out 
catalogues of the names of the widows, orphans, 
and old men, from the different parts of Greece^ 
who were scattered through the Island. On going 
through the Island, I found the inhabitants in the 
greatest misery, many of the families living in holes 
and caves, Ijavifag been eating herbs and snails for 
several weeks, without even tasting a piece of bread 
or other kind of food. 

The ancient houses in this Island are now all 
cleared from the dirt and rubbish which filled them, 
and the earth is again peopled with inhabitants, but 
in the most wretched condition. 

The poor creatures, on being informed of the 
nature of the donation, raised their hands to 
Heaven, and called upon God to bless the donors., 
and for ever to protect them from the misery they 
are now suffering. 



80 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

The number of souls who were relieved by the 
donations, belonging to the different provinces, are 
Us follows, viz. 



Of the refugees from Athens, there were 


1,959 


do 


from Corinth, 


250 


do 


from Salona, 


280 


do 


from Livadia, 


260 


do 


from Asia Minor, 


160 


do 


from a village of Livadia, 


170 


do 


from Ipsara, 


250 


do 


from Missolonghi, 


27 


do 


from Scio, 


60 


Belonging i 


to the Island of Egina, 


280 



Number of souls, 3,696 

- -lit 

This number being more than we had calculated 
upon, I found, upon making a calculation, that no 
more than one oka and a half (3| lbs.) could 
be given to each individual. After much delay in 
arranging the catalogues, they were at length 
finished, and the flour was then weighed out and 
distributed to the poor, under m}i||gpediate in- 
spection. The cloth, clothes, and Ippss, I distri- 
buted in the same manner as you do^it Poros, that 
is, whenever I saw a person nearly or quite naked; 
I gave to them. 

The expenses of transportation and distribution 
amount to 178 piastres, ■■' jSold thirty empty barrels 
for 25 piastres, and gave the remainder of them to 
the men who made .out the catalogues, as a com- 
sensation for their services. The account stand* 
*hus ;_ 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 81 

piastres 

For boat hire, loading, and discharging, 120 
My own expenses, 58 



178 
Received for empty barrels, - - 25 

Balance due me, (about $10 71) - - 153 

I am truly yours, 

GEORGE CONSTANTINE, 

Send Rice to Crete (or Candia). 

June 29. — Delivered to James Tumbasis, of 
Crete, eleven tierces of rice for the use of the wi- 
dows and orphans of that island, whose husbands 
and fathers have been killed in battle, or have died 
of disease. As Tumbasis was Eparch of Candia at 
the commencement of the revolution, he is well ac- 
quainted with these families, and has undertaken 
to get catalogues made out and to distribute the 
rice among them. 

In conversation with my old friend John Geker, an 
intelligent Hydraote merchant,he advised me to per- 
severe in conformity to my instructions in the dis- 
tribution of the cargoes, notwithstanding what might 
be urged against it by others who were interested 
in having it applied to suit their own views. He 
added, " that it encouraged the poor creatures much % 
to see ihat they toere not forgotten in their extrerm 
distress" 

Finished the last of four barrels of flour, and two 
of Indian meal, which I had taken to my quarters 
to give out as I might find occasion. 

June 30. — Called upon an Athenian family* 
H 



82 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

The mother, a woman of sixty years of age, was 
blind, and had four children who were small and 
unable to work. I gave her two dollars, and left 
her with the sad reflection that death would soon 
deprive the poor creatures of a mother whose situ- 
ation entitled her to compassion. 

Hear from Jarvis at Cenchrea. 

Sunday, July 1st, 1827. — I spent several hours 
yesterday and to-day in looking out the sick, who 
were on the other side of the harbour, some in the 
open air, some under trees, and others in huts. I 
placed them all in a hut which I hired, and gave 
them regular rations of rice. 

Gave several gown patterns, and other articles 
of dress to the poor creatures who are daily arriving 
from all quarters, suffering from nakedness and 
starvation. In the afternoon received the following 
letter from Jarvis : 

Cenchrea, June 30£/e, 1827. 

Mr dear Miller.— I send by the Captain of 
the boat, a cargo of empty barrels which I wish 
you to take and store in the best manner possible* 
The boatman has no freight to claim from you ; 
and concerning myself, I hope, by the second boat, 
to inform you of every thing which has passed. I 
have distributed, within four days, ninety barrels of 
meal and twenty^two tierces of rice to above jive 
thousand souls, most of whom have escaped from 
the Turks. • 

They thank God and the good people of the 
United States, for this which prolongs for a short 
time their existence. I am not able to detail the 
whole affair for want of time. Though I have spent 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 83 

two or three most troublesome and laborious days, 
yet they have been the most satisfactory to my feel* 
ings, on account of the happiness of distributing 
the bounty of Americans, and the heart- felt gratis 
tude with which it was received. 

I can assure you that Corinth is in great danger, 
the dervans (or passes) being open, and the soldiers 
in great want of bread. 

If it please God I shall see you within two or 
three days, and referring you to that time, I remain 
your sincere friend, 

GEORGE JARVIS. 

P. S. The Turks drove all the Greeks from 
me, and we had the very devil to pay here yester- 
day. Gen, Church also arrived here yesterday. 

The Pirates increase. 

July 2d.- — In compliance with the wish of Dr. 
Howe, I have been making preparations for send- 
ing to the Hospital, at Napoli Hi Romania, twelve 
hundred piastres. (84 dolls.) Constantine will go 
with this sum as soon as*we can find a conveyance 
sufficiently safe against an attack from the pirates, 
who have become so bold as to attack boats even 
in the mouth of this harbour. 

Jin unpleasant Contest. 

I must record one of the transactions of this day, 
however humbling it may be to myself. Having 
been invited to dine on board his Britannic Majesty's 
ship Talbot, I was highly pleased with my reception, 
and was on the point of leaving when Jarvis came 
on board. He stated that he had been at my quar- 
ters, and that a young man (whom I had treated 



34 CONDITION OP GREECE* 

with every kindness and civility) had ordered him 
out of the house, and on his refusal, drew my ata- 
ghan and drove him from it, pursuing him some dis- 
tance into the street. 

On hearing this I instantly left the Talbot, deter- 
mined to have nothing more to do with a man so 
destitute ot gratitude. On arriving at my house I 
found every thing in great disorder, and the young 
man (who shall be nameless) asleep upon the floor. 
] roused him up, and bade him leave my house im» 
mediately, which he refused to do. Having a large 
sword cane in my hand, I gave him several blows. 
The cane broke, and before I was aware, I had 
given him two severe wounds on the head. 1 sent 
for a surgeon and had his wounds dressed, and 
shall do all in my power to retrieve the injury I 
have done him. 

July 3d.— Wrote a letter to Lord Cochran, who 
arrived here the day before yesterday, explaining 
the whole affair, and expressing my regret at its 
having occurred to one of his officers. 

Received the following letter from Jarvis on the 
subject : 

Poros, July 2d, 1827. 

My dear Miller. — I cannot with propriety 
eail upon you at your quarters, before 1 know 
whether the man is turned out, who was either 
drunk or insane, and who yesterday behaved as a 
villain and a common vagabond to me. I have to 
settle the account of the distribution, but beg for a 
respite until my return from Napoli, as I have des- 
patches of importance which hurry me away. The 
freight of the boats being 175 piastres, I beg you 
to pay. I always remain, dear Sir, your sincere 
friend, 

GEORGE JARVIS, 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 85 

This day I gave away the last remaining piece 
of fustian cloth to eleven women, who had escaped 
from the Turks at Calavrita, and who were nearly 
naked. 

Fourth of July in Greece. 

July 4th, 1827. — All eyes at Poros, were turned 
towards me this morning, as the birth-day of my 
nation, I therefore concluded to make a small 
dinner party, and close it by drinking a few toasts. 
Germans, Englishmen, Greeks, and Americans 
composed our party. We had many patriotic toasts, 
and the afternoon passed away agreeably. 

* July 6. — Being attacked in the morning by a 
fever, 1 was bled, and took other precautions to 
throw it off. Continued, however, quite unwell for 
several days. 

Another vessel with Supplies from the United States, 

July 9. — I had so far recovered as to set up and 
walk about a little, when about noon I was in- 
formed that there was an American vessel off the 
harbour. I took a boat and was going on board, 
when I met another coming on shore, is which was 
my friend Dr. Howe, accompanied by Mr. Stuy- 
versant, from New-York. By the latter gentleman 
I received the following letter from Lynde Catlin r 
Esq., Chairman of the Executive Greek Commit* 
tee in New-York. 

To Mr. J. P. Miller. 

New-York, May \Wi, 1827. 

Dear Sir, — Since your departure for Greece, 
our committee have been diligent in procuring 
means in aid of the sufferers of that country, and 
H2 



86 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

have succeeded in making up a second cargo, whicE 
they now send forward by the ship Six Brothers. 
About one third of this cargo has been collected at 
Albany, and this shipment is a joint one by Albany 
and New- York. The canals are but just opened, 
and there will yet come forward the contributions 
of the inland towns. We shall therefore have ano- 
ther shipment to make, either by taking another 
whole ship, or uniting with Philadelphia or Boston 
for that purpose. This cargo, by the Six Brothers? 
is consigned to Mr. John R. Stuyversant, who goes 
as Supercargo, and yourself. I enclose a copy of 
the Committee's letter of instructions, and a dupli- 
cate bill of lading. 

You will recollect that, at your departure it was 
our expectation to have sent Lieut. Carpenter, as 
Supercargo, but his peculiar situation in the ftavy 
prevented his going. The Crmmittee then made 
an engagement with Lieut. Breese, also of the 
Navv, to go in the same capacity, but we have been 
deprived of his services, by his being ordered, yes- 
terday, to go on board the Lexington sloop of war, 
under sailing orders for the Mediterranean. This 
greatly embarrassed us, the Six Brothers being 
laden and ready to depart,but Mr. Stuyversant very 
promptly acceded to our request to accompany 
the shipment, and to be associated with you as con- 
signee and distributor. 
Mr. Stuyversant is a descendant of Governor Stuy- 
versant, (one of the original settlers of this place.) 
His family and connections are most respectable 
and estimable. His stay with you will be no longer 
than is necessary for your aid in landing and putting 
the cargo in train for distribution, and rendering 
you such assistance as you need. Your stay may 



GONDITION OP GREECE. 8T 

he prolonged, as the Boston Committee may ask 
your aid, in relation to the cargo to be sent from 
that port. With my best wishes for your health 
and happiness in Greece, I am most respectfully 
vours, 

LYNDE GATLIN, Chairman, 

Ex. Gr. Com. JST. York. 

Summary of the Bill of Lading of the Six Brothers. 

1213 barrels Corn meal, 
50 tierces of Rice, 
52 " Pease, 

105 barrels of Bread, 
200 half barrels of Bread, 
100 barrels Mackerel, 
12U M Beef and Pork 
g29| " Flour, 



4 


" Medicine, 


5 


boxes " 


2 


bundles " 


2 


barrels dried Fish, 


14 boxes " 


40 


" Clothing, 


5 bales " 


1 


bundle " 



These supplies have arrived in good season, as 
the Cargo of the Chancellor is almost exhausted, 
and there are hundreds and thousands seeking the 
shores of the Peninsula and Islands, that they may 
chance to partake of the bounty of America, of 
which they have heard. 

Send Meal and Flour t$ Bpidaurm. 

Received a letter from Glarakis 5 of which the 
following is a translation : 



88 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

Friend Miller, — Several families of Livadia 
have taken refuge at Epidaurus and Egina, having 
with difficulty escaped the sword of the Turks, 
These distressed families are naked and in want of 
their daily bread. Knowing your benevolent feel- 
ings, I take the liberty to recommend to you the 
said families of Livadia, and I have no doubt that 
you will relieve their wants according to the in- 
structions of the Committee : I wish to be heartily 
remembered to you, 

G. GLARAKIS. 

Napoli, 18 (30) June, 1827. 

In consequence of this letter, I despatched a man 
with one hundred barrels of meal and flour to 
Epidaurus. 

Paid two hundred piastres for magazine and 
house rent, and gave two dollars to two sick per- 
sons. 

Discharge and store the cargo of the ship Six-Brothers* 

July 1(M,1827. — Took a house which had under 
it two large magazines, and began discharging the 
cargo of the Six Brothers. As the magazines are 
under the house, we shall not be obliged to keep a 
guard in the night. 

July IStL — Spent the two last days in discharg- 
ing, storing, and taking an account of the cargo of 
the Six-Brothers. 

Opened several of the boxes of clothing, in order 
to arrange them for distribution. In one of them 
vvas found an excellent cheese " in good order and 
well conditioned." 

A report reached here this evening of another 
contest and civil commotion between the Chiefs al 
Napoli di Romania, and their partisans* 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 5$ 

Send provisions to Maina. 
Dr. Howe and Mr. George Finley, a Sc@tch 
Philhellene of known character for worth and in- 
tegrity, sailed this morning in a goelette, for the 
purpose of distributing on the coast of Maina and 
Zaconia. They took with them, 
50 tierces of pease, 
23 do of rice, 
28 halt barrels of bread, 

2 barrels, 4 boxes, arid 2 bundles of medicine, 
8 boxes salt fish, 
7 boxes ol clothing. 
July 14. — Distributed this day to the poor of 
Thamala, who had taken refuge in the Island of 
Poros, two tierces of pease, four tierces of rice, and 
fifty barrels of flour and Indian meal. 

Go to the Island ofJlnkistri, and thence to EpidauruSo 
July 17, 1827. — My goelette being loaded with 
40 tierces of rice, 

5 do of Indian corn, 
204 barrels of meal, 

1 do salts, 

2 boxes salt fish, 

6 barrels salt provisions, 
15 do bread, 

11 do clothing, 
I went on board about noon, accompanied by Mr, 
J. R Stuyversant, Gen. Jarvis, and two soldiers, 
when we immediately got under way for Ankistri. 
Having two cannon, twenty men, and a good quan- 
tity of small arms, we bid defiance to the pirates. 
We had a pleasant passage of four hours to Egina, 
where we came to an anchor for the night, there 



90 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

being nothing but an open road-stead at the Island 
of Ankistri. 

At Egina I found a number of my old Athenian 
friends, who all gave me a hearty welcome to the 
Island. The fortune of war had made a great dif- 
ference in their situations since our last interview, 
but the Greeks hear misfortune with wonderful pa* 
tience. My estimable friend George Psylus, of 
Athens, and formerly editor of the Athenian Jour- 
nal, now resides in Hyira, highly valued for his 
integrity and patriotism, by all the friends of Gre- 
cian liberty who have the pleasure of his acquaint- 
ance. 

We called upon the gallant Canaris, having pre- 
viously selected from among the dry goods a fine 
piece of light-coloured cassimere. We thought it 
advisable to make him a present of it, in the name 
of the benevolent citizens of our country, as it is 
well known that he is poor, and notwithstanding his 
services, often straitened in his means of support* 
ing his family, 

July 18. — We got under way early this morning, 
and arrived at Ankistri about noon. We imme- 
diately informed the inhabitants of the object of our 
visit, and desired them to make out catalogues of 
the names of the widows, old men, and orphans. 
The inhabitants of this Island now amount to more 
than three thousand souls, the greater part of whom 
have lately fled from the Turks, escaping only with 
their lives. 

Misery at Jlnkistri. 

As soon as the catalogues were finished, we had 
those whose names were written set down in tribes, 
and then commenced delivering out the meal, giving 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 91 

to each person four okas, equal to ten pounds. As 
there were many soldiers in the place, we had ra- 
ther a troublesome time of it, as they would often 
come and demand flour. The sight of misery 
around us was one that might well wring the hard- 
est heart. To see two thousand people assembled, 
in rags, with haggard countenances, eagerly watch- 
ing the little we had to give them, and on receiving 
it, raising their bands to Heaven in thankfulness 
for this unexpected assistance ; while the poor 
creatures who had not yet received, were raising 
their hands in supplication to us, and begging for 
God's sake not to forget them. 

Mr. Stuy versant was often overcome with grief, 
and shed tears abundantly at such sights of human 
woe and wretchedness. 

We distributed ninety-six barrels of Indian meal, 
and four tierces of rice, to rising sixteen hundred 
souls ; and divided three boxes of clothing among 
those who were nearly naked. We spent two very 
fatiguing days in the midst of as much misery as 
human nature is capable of supporting. 

Mopt a Utile girl. 
A little girl almost naked came to me on the eve- 
ning of the 18th, and desired me to take her with 
me, saying that she had neither father nor mother 
living. As she was only nine years old, I could 
not refuse her request. I accordingly took her as 
one over whom I intended to exercise the office of 
a father ; but what was my surprise to find the next 
day, that she not only had a mother but a father 
also, who were living, and in such distress, that they 
had sent little Sappho to palm herself upon me as 
an orphan. 



92 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

On my asking the mother how she could teacli 
her child to deceive in such a way ? she replied, 
that not only Sappho, but her other five children, 
must perish for want of food, as soon as the meal 
which I had given them was expended ; and she 
thought, that if her daughter passed herself on me 
for an orphan, I might be induced to take her, and 
thus save one of her family from starvation. 

When I saw the anxiety of the mother to save 
the life of her child, I had not sufficient resolution 
to give her up, and though my means are small, yet 
by the blessing of God, I am resolved to do the 
best I can to support her.* 

Leave Jlnkistri for Epidaurus. 
July 20. — Early in the morning we got under 
weigh for Epidaurus, and arrived there early in the 
afternoon. I had previously sent a Sciote, by the 
name of Demetrius Rhoides, to this place, with one 
hundred barrels of Indian meal in two boats, but 
one of them, having on board forty-four barrels, 
returned, the Captain having quarrelled with his 
c/ew. These barrels we took into the Goelette, 
and dismissed the boat. 

Distribution at Epidaurus. 
On our arrival at Epidaurus, we found thai 
Rhoides had got catalogues made out to the amount 
of three thousand souls, and had distributed the 
fifty-six barrels, giving to each individual four okas, 
(ten pounds.) We distributed in the whole at 
Epidaurus one hundred and forty barrels of meal 

* This child is now in the family of Governor Winthrop, of Mas*?,. 
where she is treated and sent to school like one of his own children. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. S3 

and flour, sixteen tierces of rice, and five of Indian 
corn. We also distributed four boxes of dry goods, 
five pairs of boots, fifty-eight pairs of shoes, and 
half a barrel of glauber salts. 

A particular description of this distribution, and 
the distress and misery of the population assembled 
at Epidaurus, would fill a volume of no small num- 
ber of pages. Suffice it to say, that there are at 
least six thousand souls assembled from different 
parts of Greece, now overrun by the victorious 
Turks. Hundreds are out in the open air without 
any kind of shelter but the shade of a tree. Sick» 
ness prevails among ttem to a great extent. We 
saw a fine looking girl, of about eighteen years of 
age, under a tree sick with a fever. She was an 
orphan, and a cousin was the nearest relative she 
had living. We gave the poor creature a blanket, 
clothing, rice, and medicine. There was a heavy 
shower of rain this afternoon. Mr. Stuyversant 
could not believe that the sick would be suffered 
to remain out during it, in the open air. In order 
to be satisfied, I proposed that we should take a 
walk and.see ; and, on doing so, we found the poor 
sick girl still in the same place, and completely 
drenched with the rain. 

As we landed our boxes of clothing the first day, 
we were obliged to take up our lodgings on shore, 
in order to guard them. Our host was a Greek 
Priest from Salona, who treated us as well as his 
circumstances would permit, with the expectation, 
as we afterwards discovered, of getting a large sum 
of money from us. 

Near midnight, we were roused from our sleep 
by a general cry to arms through the whole place. 
1 instantly rose, and, after requesting Mr. Stuvver- 
I 



94 GONDmoN OP GREECE, 

sant not to leave the house until ray return, I weiil 
out to learn the cause of the alarm. On reaching 
the bazar, I found that some Greek soldiers, on 
their way to Napoli di Romania, being a little warm 
with wine, had put the whole place in commotion,, 
Returning to our lodgings, I assured Mr. Stuyver- 
sant that it was only a fracas of some soldiers, and 
that we might again venture to retire to rest. 

July 21. — Nothing can be more difficult than to 
distribute provisions and clothing to such a people 
as the Greeks, in their present distress, with any 
degree of equity. Most of the people are poor, 
but there are some who have money, and these are 
generally the worst class of the Greeks. These 
fellows grudge every thing which does not fall into 
their own hands, and will do all in their power to 
secure every thing to themselves. Such Greeks 
have often come to me, and told me with all the 
gravity possible, that these donations should be given 
to the army ; and, in less than three minutes, these 
same persons have asked me for a barrel of flour 
for themselves. 

We were completely surrounded to-day by & 
crowd of more than three thousand persons for more 
than four hours, in distributing the clothing ; and 
though in some instances we might have been im- 
posed upon, we nevertheless have the satisfaction 
of knowing that those who received were nearly 
naked. A poor girl, as she was returning with her 
flour, was run over by a horse, and much bruised. 
I gave her six piastres to assist her during her re- 
covery. To three sick persons I gave a dollar and 
a half. I also distributed here, as well as at An- 
kistri, several thousands of the needles sent from 
Albany, in the state of New-York, 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 95. 

Reflections , fyc, on leaving Epidaurus. 
Sunday, July 22,— We visited the ruins of the 
Temple of iEsculapius, situated a^om half an hour's 
walk from the town, upon a small peninsula. At 
sunset we took our departure from this place, and 
embarked on board the Goelette, much dissatisfied 
with our host for manifesting a disposition to appro- 
priate to his own rise every thing which was intended 
for the poor. When we were on board, and had 
time to reflect on the scenes we had witnessed for 
the last five days, it was with difficulty that my feel- 
ings could be suppressed. Merciful God ! said I 
to myself, thou ca*»st not delight in human misery. 
Why, then, this distress? Here I paused, as un- 
willing to be found arraigning the conduct of rny 
Maker, as ashamed of my own ignorance in matters 
of this nature. 

Return to Egina, and make further distribution there. 
July 23 — e got under way early in the morn- 
ing, and shaped our course for Egina, but the wind 
being contrar., we did not reach the island until 
evening. I called upon my friend George Psylus, 
and informed him that I had five boxes of dry goods, 
seven barrel oi beef and pork, and one barrel of 
mackerel, which I wished to be distributed to the 
poor at Egina, in addition to what <hey had already 
received. Li was. proposed, that as it would be ex- 
ceedingly difficult for any one to distribute these 
articles, that they should be given into the hands of 
the Reverend the Bishop of Tallanti, to be distri- 
buted by him. As the Bishop was at Hydra, I took 
Psylus' receipt for the articles. To two families 
^ ho were very poor I gave two barrels of flour. 



06 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

July 25. — At Egina we proposed to sell several 
tierces of rice, in order to meet the expenses of the 
Goelette and the soldiers who accompanied us as 
a guard. We disposed of twenty tierces at fifty- 
five paras the oka, but as these tierces belonged to 
the first cargo, that of the Chancellor, we fotind 
many of them more or less damaged from salt 
water, so much so, that the third part of some of 
the tierces was completely rotten. Of the damaged 
we judged that there were at least five tierces, 
though we gave the better part of it to the poor. At 
the recommendation of Psylus, I gave two dollars 
to two widows, who had been for some time sicko 
We were happy to learn, this morning, that the IL 
S. frigate Constitution had arrived at the Island. 
Mr. Stuyversant, Jarvis, and myself went on boards 
and were politely received by our countrymen, 
The officers, from the gallant commander to the 
youngest midshipman, all seemed pleased in ren- 
dering our visit on board as pleasant as possible., 
Capt. Patterson had been at Athens a few days be- 
fore, and had, through the information, as it is sup- 
posed, of the Austrians, been rather coolly treated. 
Mr. Offiey, son of the U. S. Consul at Smyrna 9 
and his wife, were on board the frigate. Mrs, 
Offley is the first American lady that I have seen 
in the Levant ; and her intelligence and good sense 
will not fail of enabling her to exhibit a good spe- 
cimen of the American fair in the East. 

Report of the Civil War atNapoli. 

A man who was on the spot during the civil war 
at Napoli di Romania, arrived at Egina to-day ; he 
informed us that nearly two hundred persons had 
been killed, and the town pillaged by the soldiers. 



CONDITION OF GREECE, H5 

William T.Washington, son of Lund Washington, of 
Washington City, is among the slain. On his se- 
cond arrival in Greece, which was only about 
twenty days before his death, he had taken part in 
the civil war, joined the party of Foutomares in op- 
position to Grivas, and was directing a piece ol 
cannon against the Pallamedi ? when a shot from 
that fortress struck him near the hip ; he was con- 
teyed on board an English armed vessel, then ly- 
ing in the harbour, where he soon died. 

Leave Hydra and return to Poros. 

July 26. — After distributing fifty okas of rice to 
the sick, and leaving half a barrel of salts in the 
hands of Drs. Anyagoras and Vetalis to be distri- 
buted to those who were too poor to purchase me- 
dicine, and constituting the former, jointly with 
Psylus, a committee to distribute the salt provi- 
sions and clothing, in case the Bishop of Tallanti 
should not arrive, we weighed anchor, and stood 
for Poros, reaching our quarters in that Island at 
midnight. 

Prepare to relieve the Distress at Salamis. 

July 27. — Early in the morning I took out the. 
few remaining articles which were in the magazine, 
and immediately commenced loading the goelette 
again for Salamis, induced to do so from finding the 
following letter at my quarters from Capt. Patterson : 

U. S. ship Constitution, Poros, July 24, 1827, 

Dear Sir — I arrived here yesterday, to give 

protection to any American vessel that I might 

meet with, and learnt that the ship Six Brothers 

had been here, and had departed for Smyrna; I 

12 



S8 CONDITION OF Gft££d'Z,' 

regret not having met you here, as you might pro- 
bably have given me information to govern my 
movements as respects any vessels you might ex- 
pect here or at Napoli, whither I have some idea of 
going. I have been at Coulouri, in the Island of 
Salamis, and at Corinth, and at each place met nu- 
merous objects of charity, and such as come within 
your instructions in the distribution of your provi- 
sions, and should be happy to learn that some may 
be sent to them. This place will again be visited ere 
long by one of my vessels. With great regard and 
respect, your obedient servant, 

D. T. PATTERSON 

A bridle which I found among the donations, I 
gave to Gen. Jarvis, and also one of the calf-skins. 

The four boxes put up at Cooperstown, in Ot- 
sego county, New-York, reflect the highest credit 
sipon the inhabitants of that place, as the articles 
were most judiciously chosen. I would not be un- 
derstood by these remarks to cast reflections upoit 
the donations from other places. Some articles, to 
be sure, which I found in several of the boxes, ap- 
peared rather odd in this country; such for in- 
stance as small clothes, military caps, hats, &c. ; 
but they all demonstrate the good feeling which 
exists in America towards this suffering people. 

I gave two dollars, two blankets, and two shirts, 
to two sailors, who had lost a leg each on board the 
Hellas. Paid fifty piastres for medicine for a fa- 
mily of seven persons, four of whom had been for 
a long time sick. 

Further distribution at Poros. 
July 28.— Such a number of poor had collected 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 9$ 

at Poros during our absence, that we judged it ad- 
visable to make something of a general distribution 
to them, Mr. Stuyversant and 1 accordingly be* 
gan delivering out to them. We distributed four 
boxes of clothing, fourteen barrels of Indian meal, 
and two tierces of rice. Those who were not so 
poor, seeing we did not regard them, began to 
murmur. 

They said, they were not able to see so much 
given away, without getting a share of it them- 
selves. A Hydriote, who had taken a little too 
much wine, came to take a barrel by force. Knives 
were drawn, and menacing words were used, but 
the fellow soon found it too hot for him, left the 
barrel, and made off, after getting a sound drub- 
bing. 

We were assured to-day by Mons. Gropius, that 
England, France, and Russia, w,ere assuredly go- 
ing to interfere, and no longer permit the Grand 
Turk to send his legions of Devils into Greece, 
At this my heart rejoices. Late as it is, I rejoice 
that thousands of innocent beings will escape from 
the sword of more than marble-hearted tyrants. 

Send relief to Salamis. 

July 30. — The goelette being again loaded with 
thirteen tierces of rice, two hundred and ninety-one 
barrels of Indian meal, and two boxes of dry goods, 
got under way for Salamis. Mr. Stuyversant, Gen. 
Jarvis, and four soldiers are on board, besides the 
Captain and crew. They will go first to CoulourL 
a town in the Island of Salamis, where they will 
immediately commence the distribution of the 
cargo, according to the instructions of the Greek 
Committee. As there are many pirates in that 



100 CONDITION OF GREECE 

quarter, I have told Capt. Constantine that I will pay- 
for all the powder and shot he expends in defending, 
the property on board. 

I paid to Demetrius Roides, for eighteen days, 
services at Epidaurus, together with his expenses^ 
ten dollars. 

Gave two blankets, two shirts, cloth for two suits 
of clothes, one pair of shoes, and two dollars in 
money to two Candiotes who were in great dis- 
tress, and had each lost a leg at Athens. Gave § 
dollar to a sick woman, to enable her to employ a 
physician. 

At evening Mr. George Findley, who had ac- 
companied Dr. Howe to Napoli di Malvasia, As- 
tros, and Zacunia, arrived at Poros. Mr. Findley 
gave me very encouraging accounts of the distribu- 
tion under the direction of Dr. Howe. He said, 
€C that in the present state of the country, the Ameri~ 
can donations could not he better applied." From a 
man like Mr. Findley, who is well acquainted with 
the state of Greece, and not connected with any- 
party, such an opinion is very gratifying to one 
situated. as I am. 

Received from George Stenos, Secretary to Col. 
Hydeck, an account of the delivery of that part of 
the Chancellor's cargo deposited in his magazine. 
Upon examining the account, I found it correct, 
I am happy to say, that in all my transactions with 
that gentleman, I have found him a man of the 
nicest sense of honour, and a steady friend to Gre- 
cian liberty. 

I have been obliged to keep a large family in my 
house, as many poor wretches were daily coming, 
and wishing to do something, in order to get bread. 
I think it better to set them to work, even if it 
amounts to nothing, rather than support them in 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 101 

idleness. I have, therefore, in this way, distributed 
much flour, rice, and fish, at my own quarters. 

August 2, 1827. — Received a visit from Colonel 
Fabvier, who wishes me to do something for the 
wives and families of the Tactic troops, who are at 
Methana, as well as for the other poor who are as- 
sembled at that island. I informed him, that if he 
would take the trouble to get catalogues made out 
of those who were in distress, I would go myself 
and distribute meal and clothing to them. 

I paid 754 piastres for boats, labourers, and men 
to keep an account of the cargo of the Six Brothers 
as it was discharged, (being about $52 78.) 

Send provisions to Methana. 

August 4, 1827. — Early in the morning the boat 
of Coi. Fabvier arrived from Methana^ with a cata- 
logue of thirty-nine families, whose husbands have 
been killed in this war. It was accompanied by a 
polite note, requesting me to pay a visit to Methana 
—■but, as I have not been well for some days, I am 
unable to comply with the request I therefore 
sent those articles which 1 intended for Methana^ 
with the following letter to Col. Fabvier. 

My Dear Sir — I received this morning your 
polite note, together with the catalogue of distressed 
families. I have sent by your boat thirty-one bar- 
rels of Indian meal, and one box of clothing, which 
I wish you to divide among the families according 
to the instructions of the Greek C ^mmittee to me, 
which you have seen. I am exceedingly sorry that 
circumstances prevent me from coming and paying 
you a visit at Methana, but at some other time I 
may be able to do so, You will have the goodness 



102 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

to forward to me a receipt of the articles received 
as soon as possible. With due respect, I have thq 
honour to be, dear sir, 

Your humble servant, 

J. P. MILLER, Agent, $c. 

Gave two barrels of flour to two widows, the one 
with six children, the other with four, and herself 
blind, 

Send other stores for distribution at Egina. 

In the afternoon of August 4, 1827, ! commenced 
loading Kytkes for Egina, where I intend to send 
two hundred barrels of Indian meal, to be distribu- 
ted by the Bishop of Tallanti, Psvlus, and Dr. Any- 
agoras, to the poor refugees who are increasing in 
that island. 

August 5. — All things being ready, the boats 
loaded with 204 barrels of Indian meal, I addressed 
the following letter to George P&ylus, at Egina. 

My Dear Friend — Impressed with the idea 
that I have not given enough to the poor at Egina, 
since I have been witness to their numbvrs and 
wretchedness, I herewith send George Constaniine 
with two hundred and four barrels of Indian meal, 
which I have directed him to deliver to you, Dr. 
Anyagoras, and some other person whom you may 
think fit to associate with yourselves, for the pur- 
pose of delivering it to the poor women, children, 
and old men, who are scattered in the island. You, 
my dear sir, are already acquainted with mj in- 
structions from the Executive Greek Committee, 
and I have the fullest confidence that you will use 
every exertion to apply this donation according t<) 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 10S 

lie wishes of those who have so generously given 
it to your suffering countrymen. I am sorry to 
learn that the Bishop of Tallanti is not able to 
come to Egina, as we flattered ourselves he would 3 
to attend to the distribution of the clothing which I 
left in your care. I think it will be best for you 
to choose your third man for the Committee from 
among the Ipsariots. I should name Canaris, but 
you, who are well acquainted with them all, will 
doubtless make a wise choice. You will be good 
enough to send me a receipt for the number of bar- 
rels which you receive by Constantine, as well as a 
regular account of the distribution, after it is made. 
As I know you will have to be at some expense, I 
shall insist upon knowing the amount, and will au- 
thorize Constantine to pay the same. 
With great respect, &c. 

J. P. MILLER, Agent, tyc* 

Poros, August 5, 1327. 

Wm. Kering, Esqr., one of the Commissioners 
joy supplying the Greek navy, called upon me for 
the purpose of bujing some salt provisions. He 
was informed that I was ready to sell all the beef 
and pork in my possession at the low price of five 
dollars per barrel, provided I could be assured that 
the fleet received it at the same price. He assured 
me that it should be delivered according to my pro- 
position, and that if I wished it, he would give me a 
statement to that effect, signed by all the members 
of the Commission. # Provisions employed in this 

* The commissioners for supplying the Greek fleet with provisions 
were Dr. Gosse, Col. Hydecb, Jacob Tombasis, and William Kering. 
Dr. Gosse is an agent sent out by Mr. Eynard, a benevolent 8wiss 3 
who has given several thousand dollars in aid of the Greeks. 



104 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

manner render a double service to the country 
while the peaceable object of my mission can by no 
means be injured by it. 

I gave out weight barrels of Indian meal to the 
poor, and ten pair of stockings to poor women. 

The Goelette, with Jarvis and Mr. Stuy versant, ar~ 
i ived about noon from Salamis, and in a few minutes 
after, the one with Dr. Howe came from Spetzia. 
I paid off the Goelette employed by Dr. Howe, giv- 
ing the owner one hundred and forty-four dollars 
and a half, according to agreement. 

Jlugust 7. — Yesterday was spent in loading the 
Goelette again for Peada. Early this morning 
went over to the Morea, and gave tickets to sixty 
poor families, whose condition 1 examined, and di- 
rected them to come to my quarters and get flour, 
I found an infant who had -lost its parents, and 
an old woman who had taken it to nurse. I gave 
her two dollars in money, and a ticket for some 
meal. 

Dr. Flowe is anxious to have an hospital estab- 
lished at Krinetha. He has consulted with the 
Government upon the subject, as well as with Col, 
Hydeck and others, who all approve of the thing, 
I have consented to assist the plan, inasmuch as it 
Is not to be considered a military hospital, though 
sick and wounded soldiers may be received. 

I baptised a poor female infant, and called her 
Diedama, after my mother, who happens to have 
an Hellenic name. 

Paid for loading the Goelette one hundred and 
forty-six piastres, and to one of the boatmen who 
came from Egina thirty-nine piastres* 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 105 



Send provisions to Peada and Ligurio. 
The Goelette being again loaded with 
301 barrels Indian meal, 
10 do bread, 
1 box of dry goods, 
she was hauled off into the north harbour to be 
ready to sail with the first fair wind. I gave to the 
soldiers who went as a guard, one barrel of pork 
and two barrels of bread for rations. Mr. Stuy- 
versant will go in the vessel to Peada, where he 
will meet Jarvis, who has gone forward to arrange 
matters for sending a part of the cargo to Ligurio, 
a town three hours from the sea. 

Paid to a boatman sixteen piastres for putting 
barrels on board the Goelette. 

August 8.— The Goelette sailed this morning for 
Peada. I finished giving tickets to the poor on the 
Morea, opposite to Poros, the number amounting 
to more than two thousand. 

Jlugust 9. — Commenced giving out Indian meal 
to the poor, who came with my tickets, and rice to 
the sick, of which I distributed twelve barrels of the 
former, and one tierce of the latter. 

Constantine arrived from Egina, and brought me 
a letter from Psvlus, and also a receipt for 201 bar- 
rels of meal, instead of 204, three barrels having 
been stolen by one of the boatmen. 

The expenses of Constantine, together with'the 
charge for boats and storing barrels at Egina. 
amount to 126 piastres. 

The man who stole the three barrels I had ar 

rested, and brought before the Astronomos. He 

at first denied the charge, but at length confessed 

that he had given the barrels to his own family - 

K 



106 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

The Astronomos (or magistrate) wished me to set 
a value on the articles stolen. As the man is poor 3 
I put them at six dollars only, which sum, if he 
should be able to pay, I intend to return, by giving 
it to his wife and children. 

British frigate Cambrian, 

The British frigate Cambrian arrived to-day, and 
anchored in the harbour of Poros. I sold to the 
master of the frigate six barrels of fl* >ur and one of 
mackerel, for forty-seven dollars. To those unac- 
quainted with my situation, it may appear strange 
and inconsistent, that flour sent to the Greeks, 
should be sold to other nations. But as my ex- 
penses in distributing are very great, I am obliged 
to sell when I can get an opportunity, the Com» 
mittee in New- York not having provided the means 
to pay these expenses. 

I dined on board the Cambrian to-day, and there 
met most of my old friends, who had shown me so 
many favours when in Greece before. To them 1 
am still under obligations, for their kindness and 
attention when I was in a destitute condition. I 
am also indebted to them for a passage to Smyrna, 
where I found the U. S. ship Erie, and was glad to 
see my country ? s flag waving in a Turkish port* 
But what was my surprise to learn that Capt. Dea- 
cons, her commander, and my countryman, would 
not allow me to take passage with him to Candia, 
(although I had received an invitation from the 
ward-room officers to that effect) because I had 
been in the service of the Greeks. Such is the in- 
consistency of the world. Capt. D. is unworthy of 
the Republican state of New^Jersey, to which f 
understand he belongs. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 107 

August 10.— Began giving out tickets to the 
poor in Poros. Gave two dollars to a poor man : 
who had his arm shattered by a cannon ball, he 
having come from Thamala, a village three hours 
distance from Poros. 

In the evening received a letter from Dr. Howe* 
dated at Hydra, in which he informed me that on 
leaving Poros he had narrowly escaped falling into 
the hands of the pirates, 

August 11 * — Spent the day in writing and distri- 
buting tickets to the poor in Poros. Came to the 
resolution of leaving Poros and taking up my quar- 
ters in the Island of Spetzia, as there are more 
poor in that quarter at present, owing to the civil 
war at Napoli. Dr. Howe is exceedingly aaxious 
for this movement, on account of the accommoda- 
tion of magazines in the place, and the facility of 
administering relief to the distressed. 

Monday ', August 13. — Early in the morning; 
commenced distributing to the accumulated poor 
hi Poros, and continued through the day. We 
were not able, however, to finish, and appointed 
another day to finish the distribution. 

Lord Cochrane arrived at Poros this afternoon^ 
from a cruise off Candia, where he took a Turkish 
corvette, after an action of forty minutes, in 
which the Turks had forty men killed, while the 
Greeks had none killed or wounded. 

August 14. — Finished giving out tickets to the 
remaining poor at Poros. 

. In the evening received a letter from Lord 
Cochrane, recommending to- rny notice six Greek 
females, who were found on board the corvette, 
taken off Candia, in slavery to the Turks. 

August 15.~Recommenced giving to the poor. 



108 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

and distributed forty-five barrels of Indian meal, 
seven tierces of rice, and twelve barrels of flour. 

The goelette arrived about noon from Peada* 
As I have now finished distributing in that quarter 
I settled with Capt Constantine, paying him tor his 
services, and those of his vessel and crew, for thir- 
ty-two days, one hundred and eleven dollars in 
monev, 220 okas of meat, and 220 okas of bread, 
(550 lbs.) 

August 15. — Went on board the Hellas early in 
the morning, to attend to the wants of tKe females 
mentioned in the letter of Lord Cochrane, but 
found that they had departed lor Spetzia, having 
received some intelligence from their friends in that 
Island. 

1 had a few friends to dine with me to-day, 
among whom was Col. Pisa, a Neapolitan officer, 
famous for his sufferings in th cause of liberty. 
After dinner wt crossed over to the Morea, and 
took a walk, and there we found a poor blind man. 
to whom I gave a dollar. 

August 16 — Paid seventy-eight dollars to Jarvis, 
for his expenses with six soldiers for one month and 
a half. Sold to him, for the use of his soldiers, 
two barrels of pork, two barrels of mackerel, and 
three pair of shoes, for twenty-one dollars. 

Delivered to him one tierce and a half of rice, 
for the sick, and twenty barrels of bread for the 
poor in Corinth. 

August 17. — I gave tickets to an additional num- 
ber of widows in Poros, whose husbands had been 
killed in battle, to the number of sixty-three. 

Received a letter in Greek from a woman at An- 
kistri, of which the following is a translation : 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 109 

Letter from a Female. 

Ankistri, August 14, 1827. 

Mr Dear Sir — I by my humble letter, take the 
liberty in the first place to ask after your health, 
and secondly, to inform you that, although in great 
distress, we are perfectly well. I send to you, by 
my son-in-law, my daughter. If you wish, take 
her into your service : may God inspire you for 
the best; if not, send her back by the same man. 
You know, my dear Sir, that my daughter has 
never been separated from me until now ; distress 
and starvation oblige me to send her away. I hope 
that you, being a good man, will take good care of 
her, and allow no one to injure her. I remain your 
humble servant, 

Catherine the wife of George. 

August 18. — Distributed to the Poriote widows. 
to whom I had last given tickets, twenty half bar- 
rels of bread, and four barrels of Indian meal. 

No one who has not been a witness, can form 
any idea of the scene exhibited around my house 
from morning till night. Hundreds of half-starved 
and ragged beings are hourly relating to me their 
numerous distresses, and demanding charity. Tc 
distinguish between the real and pretending suf- 
ferers, is sometimes exceedingly difficult. There 
is something so forcibly expressive in the Greek 
manner of representing misfortunes, and beseech- 
ing charity, that it is not a little difficulty for one 
possessed of sensibility, to avoid being greatly dis- 
tressed, by constantly hearing their complaints. 

Gave a barrel of bread to some poor creatures 
who had been robbed by the pirates* Gave half a 
K2 



110 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

barrel of bread to a poor widow, on the recommen- 
dation of Mons. Gropius. 

Sent to the poor woman at Ankistri who wrote 
me a letter, half a barrel of bread, and retained her 
daughter* in the service of my household. 

Sunday , August 19, — Gave a dollar to an Athe- 
nian widow who was sick, and who had five little 
children; also half a barrel of bread and fourteen 
yards of cotton cloth. 

There were five French Philhellenes, who were 
about to leave Greece, called upon me for assist- 
ance. They were without shoes, and had no mo- 
ney to buy them. I was at first determined not to 
give them any, as they were about to leave the coun- 
try ; but when I came to see the poor fellows with 
their feet to the ground, I changed my mind, and 
gave each a pair. 

August 21. — Gave to a poor Athenian widow 
with five children, and who had lost her husband in 
the Acropolis, half a barrel of bread, and 15 yards 
of cotton cloth. She was recommended to me by 
Mons. Gropius, 

August 24. — Received a letter this morning from 
Dr. Howe, who complains of the tediousness of re* 
maining at Napoli di Romania, and wishes to be 
relieved for a short time by Mr. Stuyversant. He is 
waiting the arrival of a vessel from America, to pre- 
/ent her unloading there, lest the cargo fall into the 
* lands of the rapacious Chiefs. Paid to the courier 
whom I sent to Napoli fifteen piastres and a pair of 
shoes, 

* This girl afterwards attracted the sensual eye of a person who 
had free access to Mr. Miller's quarters, and who had previously 
acted an honourable part in all his transactions. On the discovery ot 
his intrigues to seduce the girl, Mr. Miller forbade him his house, 
and terminated his intimacy, thereby preserving the female who had 
been committed to his protection. This shears from his letters, an 3 
is not in the Journal.— Ed. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. Ill 

Mr. Stuyversant and I dined on hoard the Eng- 
lish frigatr Cambrian, where we were highly enter- 
tained by the officers. 

Sold to the master of the Cambrian nine barrels 
of flour, and one of mackerel, for sixty-eight dollars. 

Sold two pair of shoes to Dr. Inches for two 
dollars. 

August 25. — -Called in the morning upon Mons. 
Gropius, in company with Mr. Stuyversant. On 
the way we met a poor fellow who had both his 
hands cut off by the Turks. Gave the unfortunate 
man a dollar. We also in our walk found an old 
woman who was bowed down with disease, to whom 
we also gave a dollar. 

Sunday, August 26. — Gave two dollars to a poor 
woman who was sick, with a large family. Gave 
one dollar, and half a barrel of bread, to a poor fel- 
low who came to me crawling upon his hands and 
knees, having had his feet cut off by the Turks. 

Received a letter from Jarvis at Corinth, request- 
ing me to pay 50 piastres for taking the provisions 
to that place. He also writes that the Greeks have 
succeeded in taking fifty Camels from the Turks, 
near Thebes. 

Arrival of a vessel from Philadelphia, with provisions, 
August 27. — The brig Levant, Captain Osgood, 
with Mr. G. R. L^H), Supercargo, arrived at Poros 
this afternoon, laden with provisions, sent out from 
Philadelphia. By this arrival, I received the fol- 
lowing letter from the chairman of the Greek Com- 
mittee of that city. , 

To Jonathan P. Miller — Dear Sir — Your well 
renowned zeal in the cause of Greece, your expe 



112 CONDITION OP GREECE 

rience and services in that country, and your know- 
ledge of the regular authorities, have induced us to 
take the liberty to associate you in the distribution 
of the cargo of the vessel, intended solely for the 
relief of the men, women, and children of the 
Greeks. Although we cannot anticipate any dif- 
ference of opinion between you and Mr. Leib, in 
regard to this important object, yet, as such a cir- 
cumstance may take place, we think proper to 
guard against the contingency. In that event, we 
wish the opinion of Dr. Howe (or, in his absence, 
of Mr. Jarvis) to be had, and considered as umpir- 
age in the case. Information as to the state of 
Greece, and the disposal of the cargo of this vessel, 
or of the Tontine, Captain Harris, or any thing 
bearing on the prospects of the belligerents, will 
greatly oblige 

Your obedient humble servants. 

In behalf of the Greek Committee 

of Philadelphia^ 

MATTHEW CAREY, Ch'n. 

W. MEREDETH, Sechj. 

NORRIS STANLEY, 

JAMES RONALDSON. 

Philadelphia, May 13, 1827. 

Discharge the cargo of the brig Levant at Poroe. 
August 28. — Commenced discharging the cargo 
it the Levant. Came to the resolution of disposing 
>f the same in the following manner, with the con- 
currence of Mr. Leib, viz. 

500 barrels of bread and flour to be sent to Ca« 

rabousa, in the island of Candia. 
*200 barrels of bread to Egiria, 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 113 

400 barrels bread and flour to Napoli di Romania, 

400 do do do to Fanar. 

100 do do do to the island of Milo. 

100 do do do do C alamos. 

100 do we propose to sell for the use of the 
hospital we intend to establish at Egina. 

The fish we propose to sell to the Commission for 
supplying the Greek fleet, in order to raise money 
for defraying expenses. 

August 29. — Engaged the Trabaeulo of Captain 
P. S. Marcelesi for one month, for one hundred 
dollars, half to be paid on signing the contract, the 
remainder at the close of the month, 

Mr. Leib and Dr. Howe sailed for Egina about 
eleven o'clock this morning, taking with them two 
hundred barrels for distribution. 

Towards evening I took a walk, accompanied 
by Captain Osgood and Mr. Stuyversant, during 
which we discovered a poor man sick, to whom I 
gave a dollar. 

August 30. — Paid ninety piastres to the proprie- 
tors of two boats which took barrels to Egina. — 
Paid eight dollars for boats and workmen in dis- 
charging the cargo of the Levant. Paid eighty pi- 
astres for the passage of Dr Howe and Mr. Leib 
to Egina, and back again to Poros. 

Gave to a Missolonghiote, who was wounded at 
Athens, one barrel of bread. 

August 31. — I engaged a Goelefle for fifteen 
days, for 750 piastres, ($52 50,) 150 okas of bread, 
and two barrels of fish. This Goelette has nine- 
teen men and twelve guns on board, and is capable 
of repelling the attack of any of the pirates. 

Paid sixty piastres for stowing barrels in the ma 
razine, 



114 CONDITION OF GREECL. 

September 2, 1827. — Gave two dollars to another 
man who had his feet cut off by the Turks. 

Continued to unload the brig. Found about 
100 barrels of the bread of such a quality as to be 
loathsome to the sight, and could never be eaten by 
human beings, except in a state of extreme starva- 
tion. The remaining part of the cargo appears 
£ood. 

Sunday, September 3- — Captain Osgood, Admi- 
ral Miaulis, Captain Thomas, and a number of 
English officers, dined with me to-day. We passed 
our time agreeably, and the evening closed without 
disorder, although my quarters were surrounded by 
ftte poor, to whom were distributed two barrels of 
Indian meal, and four barrels of bread. 

September 4.— Mr. Leib, who had done me the 
pleasure of taking up his quarters with me on shore, 
was taken sick this morning with a fever, for which 
we all feel exceedingly sorry, as his company has 
been a source of great pleasure to us all. 

Gave to a poor boy, who had a wounded hand, 
one dollar, that he might employ a physician to 
cure it. 

Much hurried with business to-day, in order to 
get the Goelette ready for sea. 

Received a letter from Jarvis, dated at Corinth^ 
August 19, (31,) 1827, containing a detailed re- 
port of the distributions committed to his charge.* 

September 7.-- -Spent the last three days in search- 
ing out the sick, and in relieving their wants. 

The brig Levant sailed on Wednesday morning 
on her return to the United Stales. We took an 

* These reports are contained in the Appendix, to prevent inter 
tipting the continuity of Mr. Miller's journal-— £tf» 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 115 

affectionate leave of Mr. Leib and Captain Osgood 3 
highly pleased with them as countrymen, and ex- 
tremely happy in having formed an acquaintance 
on Grecian shores. 

Received from Dr. Gosse, one of the commis- 
sioners for supplying the Greek fleet with proviso 
ions, $357 00, for sixty-five barrels of beef and 
pork, and eight barrels of fish. 

Received from Captain Hastings, of the steam 
ship Karteria, $31 00, for four barrels of fish, and 
three barrels of beef. 

Dr. Samuel G. Howe reported* to me an account 
in detail of the two distributions made by him pre 
vious to the 27th August, 1 827. I find the amount 
due him for services and expenses to be $152 00. 

I here take the opportunity to remark, that no 
man can be better qualified for distributing food 
and clothing in Greece than Dr. Howe. Speaking 
with fluency four different languages, (English, 
French, Italian, Greek,) possessing a benevolent 
heart, and firmness of character, sharing the friend- 
ship and having the confidence of all good men in 
Greece, he has rendered me services as agent of 
the Committee for which through life, I trust, I 
shall be grateful. 

September 8. — Gave out thirty-five tickets for 
rice, to the sick. It is enough to move the heart 
of any one to see the miserable plight in which 
most of the sick are to be found. Without a para 
(| of a cent) to pay a physician, or to purchase 
medicines, they are obliged to lay in their lousy 
huts, or be exposed in the open air with no othei 
hopes than the bounty of the good people of Ameri- 
ca to keep their destitute families from starvation, 

* ; See Appendix, 



116 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

Gave five dollars to different sick persons, to 
enable them to get medical aid. Also, distributed 
fealf a tierce of rice, three barrels of meal, and eight 
barrels of bread. 

Sold four tierces of rice for $63. 

Arrival of a Vessel from Boston, loith Provisions, 

Monday, Sept. 10. — An English brig arrived, 
bringing me a letter from J. D. Russ, supercargo 
of the brig Statesman, from Boston, Massachusetts, 
laden with provisions for the Greeks. 

The Statesman had run into Hydra, for informa- 
tion in regard to the situation of Napoli di Romania j 
and to ascertain where Dr. Howe and myself were 
to be found. 

Immediately on receiving this letter, I set off for 
Hydra, on board the Greek brig Souvenier, and 
arrived at Hydra the next day at 12 o'clock, where 
I was informed that the Statesman had departed 
early in the morning, for Poros. 

As no time was to be lost, I took a boat and 
crossed over to the Peloponnesus, and there took 
horses and passed over the mountains to the coast 
opposite Poros, at which place I arrived in the eve- 
ning, having been five hours on horseback, on roads 
of no ordinary roughness. While at Hydra, I gave 
tour dollars to four poor females, who had no 
clothes to cover their nakedness. 

Paid for the expenses of the journey, four dol- 
lars. Paid to Dr. Howe $152, to settle our ac- 
counts to the 27th August, 1827. 

On my arrival at Poros, I received from Dr. 
Russ, the following letter from the Chairman of the 
frreek Committee in Boston. 



CONDITION OF GREECE* 111 

Boston, June 2&th } 1827, 

Mr. J. P. Miller, 

Sir, — The Committee appointed by a meeting of 
the citizens of Boston, and its vicinity, to receive con- 
tributions for the relief of the inhabitants of Greece, 
have from the funds placed in their hands by be- 
nevolent individuals in this state and some of the 
neighbouring states, loaded the brig Statesman, 
Capt. Bray, with sundry articles of provisions and 
clothing, an invoice of which is enclosed. They 
have appointed John D. Russ, M.D. to be their 
agent for the distribution of this cargo among the 
suffering Greeks, in conformity with the views of 
the donors. They are desirous of procuring your 
co-operation with him, and also that of Dr. Howe, 
in the discharge of this difficult service. The Com- 
mittee have supposed that your intimate acquaint- 
ance with the condition and wants of the inhabit- 
ants of Greece would enable you, and that your 
devotion to the cause would dispose you, to aid in 
giving effect to the benevolent design of the contri- 
butors to this fund, and they have named you joint 
agents with Dr. Russ, in the execution of this com- 
mission. Enclosed is a copy of the instructions of 
the Committee to Dr. Rus?, by which it is their 
wish you should also be governed, should you ac- 
cept the trust tendered to you. 

As some indemnity for the trouble in the execu- 
tion of this trust, and in consideration of the many 
other services which j t gu have rendered in the same 
humane cause, which would deserve, if the Com- 
mittee felt authorized to offer it, a much more am- 
ple testimonials I am directed by thera to ask your 
icceptance of the sum of $250; which amount will 
L 



118 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

be retained in the hands of the Chairman, drawing 
interest, subject to your order. 
Respectfully yours, 

HENDERSON INCHES, CVn. 

September 12. — Early in the morning, the follow- 
ing note was received from Col. Pisa. 

" CoL Pisa presents his best compliments to Dr. 
Howe, and desires him, in favour of Icaia Zoli 
Mastrachi Pierry Tombast, and Ambri, who are 
struggling with misfortune. Col. Pisa's best com- 
pliments to Mr. Miller, and his worthy friend Mr, 
Stuyversant." 

Wednesday morning, Sept. 12th, 1827." 

Gave to the above-mentioned individuals, for their 
families, two barrels of bread, and one of mackerel. 
Gave also a barrel of bread to another poor family. 

Paid for two magazines for storing the cargo of 
the Statesman, one hundred and sixty piastres. 

Received a letter from Dr. Howe, giving an ac- 
count of the distributions at Spetzia.* 

Received a letter from Tombazzi, in favour of a 
poor Hydraote widow with six children, to whom I 
gave a barrel of bread. 

Distributed half a tierce of rice to the sick, and 
three barrels of meal. 

Gave one dollar to an Athenian girl, who was 
extremely poor. 

Gave to three poor women, who came from 
Krinethea, a barrel of bread, and half a barrel of 
meal. 

* See this in the Appendix, No. 4. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 119 

September 13. — Drs. Howe and Russ left Poros 
this morning, for Egina, in the trabaculo, with 277 
barrels of bread, from the cargo of the Statesman. 

A boat, with sixty barrels of bread, from on 
board the Statesman, was upset this morning, by a 
flaw of wind, as she was coming on shore. There 
were no lives lost, neither was the bread, but it was 
nearly all spoiled, by being soaked in salt water. 
We got it all on the shore, and let the poor take it 
off in sacks. 

September 14 — Continued unloading the brig 
Statesman. Showed to Capt. Bray several poor 
creatures who had been mutilated, by having had 
their limbs cut off in a barbarous manner, by the 
Turks. 

Gave a dollar to a poor woman who was sick. 

September 15.— Paid 400 piastres ($28) for dis- 
charging and storing the cargo of the brig States- 
man. 

September 17. — Gave to Capt. Bray, with the 
approbation of all concerned in the distribution, 
one barrel of beef, one of flour, and one of bread, 
and twenty okas of rice, to serve as provisions for 
the Greek children to be sent to the United States* 

George Constantine arrived to-day from Candia* 
where we had sent him with a goelette, laden with, 
flour, meal, bread, and pease, the receipt for which 
was given to Mr. Leib, supercargo of the Levant. 
By Constantine I received the following letter front 
the Commission of Candia. 

To J. P. Miller, Esq. 

Dear Sir — We have received from George Con- 
stantine, whom you have sent to our island, the 
flour> breads and pease, which you sent for the re- 



120 CONDITION OP GREECE 

lief of those families, that are here at present, and 
those who are daily escaping from the Turks- 
Whilst the Committee assure you, that they will 
take all necessary care to apply them according to 
the purposes for which the philanthropic commit- 
tees in America have sent them, they wish to ex- 
press to you the great gratitude which the poor of 
Candia feel towards their benefactors and yourself! 
for your philanthropic exertions in relieving tfaek 
wants. 

With the greatest respect, we are your humble 
servants, B. CBAL1S, 

MARTIN1ANOS PEMKIS, 
J Z. XANTHEMACHALIS, 
D. B. CASTOS, 

Members of the Commission, 

I paid the captain of the goelette 750 piastres for 
taking the above-mentioned cargo to Candia. 

Paid to G. Constantice, ten dollars, for bis ser- 
vices and expenses on the voyage, and for dis- 
charging the cargo at Grabousa. 

Sept. 18. — The Trabaculo being again loaded 
with 273 barrels of rye and Indian meal, sailed this 
morning for the gulf of Napoli di Romania, the 
cargo being under the charge of Mr. Stuyversani 
and George Constantine, who are directed to dis- 
tribute as much as possible of the same among the: 
poor inhabitants of the mountains between Tripo- 
litza and Corinth, 

Delivered to a poor Athenian, on the recommen- 
dation of Psylus, of the Bishop of Tallanti, and 
others^ two barrels of rye meal, and one of Indian^ 
also sixteen yards of calico and three pair of stock. 
ings, 



C0NBITI0N OP GREECE. 12! 

Delivered on the recommendation of Prince 
Mavrocordato, seven barrels of flour to various 
persons. 

Distributed to the poor three barrels of Indian 
meal and a tierce of rice. 

Sept. 19. — Delivered to two poor women, who 
came from Epidaurus, two barrels of Indian meal 
and half a barrel of beans. 

Paid for boats in discharging the Statesman, ten 
dollars. Paid to labourers in storing said cargo, 
fifteen dollars. Gave one dollar to a poor wounded 
man who came from Methana, to pay his passage 
to Syra. 

The brave Captain Stykos. 

Sept. 20. — I delivered to Captain Stykos half a 
tierce of rice, one of beans, one barrel of flour, 
and one of bread. He is the famous Greek chief 
who first entered the Pallamedi at Napoli di Ro- 
mania, when the Greeks stormed that place, and 
who marched and fought his way through Tripolitza 
with 30 men in the night, when the Turks had pos- 
session of it. Stykos has a large family who have 
nothing to eat but herbs, he having been sick for 
the last three months. 

Distributed to the poor two barrels of meal and 
one of bread. 

Gave a barrel of beans and one of flour to a poor 
Athenian family at the request of Dr. Howe. Gave 
the same quantity to a family from Tripolitza re- 
commended by the Bishop of Napoli di Romania, 
Gave to an Athenian widow half a barrel of Indian 
meal. 

Sunday, Sept. 22. — Dr. Russ and myself, on 
riding to Thamala, found a poor man who was lay- 
L2 



122 CONDITION OP GREECE 

ing beside the road sick, and to him I gave a dollar. 
Gave three barrels of Indian meal to two poor fa- 
milies, who came recommended by several Bishops. 

Petroni Bay. 

I received a note from Petroni Bay Mavromi- 
ehalis asking for a little flour and other provisions 
for his voyage to Maina. With the approbation of 
Dr. Russ I gave him one barrel of bread, one of 
Indian meal, and one of flour, supposing it to be 
sufficient to last him, his family, and crew to Maina, 
which is no more than one day's sail from this place. 
At evening, however, he returned the barrels, saying 
the present was too small for him to accept. I 
thanked him for returning them, and replied that 
there were thousands who would not think the pre- 
sent too small, and who had too much modesty even 
to ask for charity. 

Sept. 24.— I gave to a poor family from Negro- 
pont a barrel of Indian meal, three pair of stock- 
ings and three of shoes. Gave also to a poor mau 
cotton cloth sufficient to make him a dress. 

Robbed of two hundred and seventy-three barreh 
of flour and meal at JVapoZi. 

Sept.. 27,— -Mr. Stuyversant and George Constaii- 
tine arrived this day from Napoli di Romania, when 
they had been robbed of all the cargo of the Tra- 
baculo by the Committee appointed for the safety 
of the place. The circumstances were as follows : 

The Trabaculo had been loaded with 273 barrels 
of Indian and rye meal, which was intended to bcdis- 
tribute d to the inhabitants of the mountains between 
Tripolitza and Corinth. The Trabaculo was or- 

red not to go nenv to Napoli di Romania, unfjA aJ3 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 123 

the cargo was distributed, except 23 barrels, which 
Constantine was ordered to distribute to the poo> 
Suliote families who were at Napoli. Mr. Stuy- 
versant accompanied Constantine to see that the 
distribution was properly made. 
\ On the Trabaculo arriving at the Mills of Napoli. 
(13 miles distant from the town,) Constantine pro- 
ceeded into the mountains, giving to the starving in- 
habitants tickets to come down to the shore and get 
meal. Soon after he left the Mills, there arose a 
gale of wind which obliged the captain of the Tra- 
baculo to run into the harbour of Napoli for safety* 

As soon as the inhabitants of the place knew of 
the arrival of the Trabaculo in the harbour, they 
drew up a petition requesting Mr. Stuyversant to 
deliver the cargo into their hands for the purpose oi 
giving it to Grivas for his soldiers. Mr. Stuyversant 
peremptorily refused, and would not listen to any 
of their representations. They then sent a part} 
of soldiers on board and took the cargo by force. 

On Constantine's return he found that this act 
of violence had been committed by the Commission 
appointed for the safety of the place, on the plea 
that unless they did so, the soldiers would again fire 
upon the town. Constantine remonstrated with 
them on the perfidy of the action, and they pro- 
mised to return it to me if I should demand it ; but 
lie found that they had already begun to deliver it 
out to the soldiers. Mr. Stuyversant and Constan- 
tine left Napoli immediately and returned to Poros 
this evening. 

We were all exceedingly mortified at this act of 
violence done to our property, when we were ex- 
erting ourselves to the utmost of our power to ap- 
ply the contributions qf our countrymen according: 



124 CONDITION OF GREECE* 

to the instructions which they had given us, and for 
the benefit of the suffering Greeks. Dr. Howe 
addressed a letter to the Greek Government at 
Egina, signed by all of us, wherein we remonstrated 
in modest but decided language against the pro- 
ceeding, and demanded of their honourable body 
redress for the injury. It was decided that I should 
present this letter to the Government and demand 
an answer. 

Present a Remonstrance to Government. 

Sept 28. — Left Poros for Egina, at which place 
I arrived on Saturday morning, 27th. Called upon 
the Government, delivered them the letter, and re* 
quested an answer. They expressed their disap- 
probation of the transaction, and said, that they 
had received letters from Napoli, stating, that the 
Committee were forced by the soldiers to take the 
cargo of the Trabaculo, in order to save the town 
from being again pillaged. On representing to 
Glarakis, the Secretary of State, the ingratitude oi 
the Greeks, after all the services which had been 
done them by the Americans, he replied, " That it 
was true, but what can we as a Government do ? My 
own house was pillaged in this very Napoli not more 
than a month since, and all my goods taken" He 
shed tears, and begged me to have patience and 
compassion tor the mistaken conduct of his coun- 
trymen. On this 1 left the island and returned to 
Poros, finding that there was no possibility of re- 
dress. 

I cannot excuse the Chiefs for laying violent 
hands upon the provisions intended for their starv- 
ing countrymen ; but ifetny thing can palliate their 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 125 

conduct, it is found in a principle of human nature 
well expressed by the great dramatic poet : 

" Fie on ambition ! Fie on myself, that hare 
A sword and yet am ready to famish." 

Shekspeare. 

Hence it was that remonstrance was in vain 
When the soldiers were starving they could not 
listen to argument, 

"Venter non habet aures."* 

The Government had no money to pay, to clothe 
or feed the soldiers, and they seized upon the food 
intended for those who (though hungry and naked,) 
could not fight or Hp.fp.nH thp.ir country. 

Sept. 30. — I arrived at Poros about noon, where 
I found the goelette, intended to be sent to the 
isla&ds, nearly loaded. 

Paid to Capt Marcellesi $50 for the use of 
his Trabaculo for fifteen days, having paid him in 
advance $50 for the first fifteen days, according 
to agreement. 

Gave a barrel of pease to a poor man, recom- 
mended to me by the Bishop of Tallanti, Gave 
two barrels of Indian meal to a poor man recom- 
mended by Geka, a respectable Hydraote merchant, 
Gave, on the same recommendation, a barrel of In- 
dian meal to a poor Hydraote widow. Gave, also, 
a barrel of meal to a poor blind man. Delivered to 
the poor men who loaded the goelette five barrels of 
Indian meal in payment for their services. Distri- 
buted to the poor at my quarters, two barrels of 
bread, 

* The belly has no ears, 



126 eoN&moN of greece. 

Paid expenses of my voyage to Egina and back; 
five dollars. Gave to sundry poor people while 
there, four dollars. 

October 3, 1827. — -Sold eleven tierces of rice for 
2845 piastres, ($199 15) The rice is much 
damaged by worms and bugs. 

Gave a barrel of Indian meal and one of beans 
to a poor widow, whose husband was killled a few 
days since in the brig commanded by Captain 
Thomas. 

Paid rught piastres for a poor man who was sick* 
Gave to a wounded man, one dollar ; and to a sick 
woman, one dollar. Gave to a family from Haivali. 
one barrel of Indian meal. 

October 4, — Received this morning the following 
letter from Capt. Thomas of the Greek Navy. 

On board the Sauveur, Gulf of Lepanto, Oct, 2, 1827. 

My dear Sir. — Your protege, Mr. Brown, ar- 
rived last night, as I anchored, after the destruction 
of the Turkish squadron in this Gulf, and the 
capture of three Austrlans. I shall interest myself 
in his behalf with Lord Cochrane. In the mean 
time, he shall have charge of a watch on board the 
Sauveut. We ha* T e had warm work since entering 
the Gulf I fear my Premier Scanian will be a 
corpse ere this reaches you. In great haste, be- 
lieve me yours, &c. 

GEORGE THOMAS. 

I gave two dollars to a poor American sailor, 
who wished to go on board Capt. Thomas's brig to 
pay his expenses to Corinth. Gave ten bags of 
pease to the same number of poor families at Poros* 
Gave half a barrel of flour to a poor widow, I 



CONDITION OP GREECE, Iftri 

gave a barrel of Indian meal to the bearer, on re- 
ceiving the following letter, written in English, from 
my friend Psylus (a Greek.) 

Egina, Sept. 2d, 1827. 

Dear Miller. — This woman is a very poor 
creature ; she lost her man in the assault of the 
Turks into the town of Athens. She has four 
little boys. For this reason she is very worthy of 
your charity. I pray you, if you still have some 
shoes, to send us some for many poor, who go 
without them. 

Believe me, Sir, your most obedient servant, 

GEORGE PSYLUS, 

P. S. — The Bishop offers you his compliments, 

Friday, Oct. 5. — I gave to sundry poor people,, 
who were sick, two tierces of rice, and five barrels 
of Indian meal, two barrels of beans, and three 
barrels of bread. 

Monday, Oct. 8. — For the three last days I have 
been quite unwell, with a severe cold. The poor 
are daily, from morning to night, surrounding my 
quarters, crying out for food and clothing ; and it 
is with the utmost difficulty that they can be induced 
to depart. On receiving a letter from Gen. Haji 
M'Chalis, in favour of the widows of his soldiers^ 
who fell at Athens, I gave him twenty barrels of 
Indian meal, and one tierce, of rice, together with 
some cotton clothes. Gave one of the swords,, 
found among the cargo of the Six Brothers, to a 
soldier, who is going in the expedition to Scio. 
Gave a barrel of meal to a poor woman, who was 
sick, with a family of small children. The follow- 
ing is a translation of M'Chalis' letter to me :— 



CONDITION OF GREECE 

To J. P. Miller, Esq. 
My dear Sir. — You are not ignorant that many 
of the dragoons under my command were killed in 
various engagements before Athens ; many of 
whom left behind them large families, who are now 
distressed for bread to supply their daily wants. I 
have hitherto supplied these families, as much as 
possible, from my own purse ; but you, Sir, are 
aware that it is impossible, for one man alone to 
be able to supply the wants of so many individuals, 
without a large fortune. They therefore have re- 
course to your assistance through me, and beg you 
fervently not to overlook them, but kindly supply 
their wants, as you have those of the other poor 
Greeks. I intended to have mentioned the subject 
to you the other day when you were at Egina, but 
your sudden depaiture prevented me frotn so doing. 
If you can comply with my request, please to de- 
liver what you intend for the said families, to the 
bearer, who will bring it to me at Napoli. 
I remain truly your humble servant, 

H. M'CHALIS. 

Egina, Oct. 4th, 1S27. 

Tuesday, Oct. 0.— As the poor of Poros have. 
cor several days past, been entreating me to give 
them another share of the donations, I had a cata- 
logue of the poor widows, and orphans, and infirm 
old men again made out, which amounted to three 
hundred and sixty three souls. Among these, 1 
divided equally twenty-five barrels of Indian meal- 
Gave to a poor soldier, who lost his leg under Ka- 
tiskaki, before Athens, a barrel of Indian meal, and 
cloth to make him a suit of clothes. Gave to a 
couple of poor women, from Damala, half a barrel 
of Indian meal and some rice. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 129 

Friday, Oct 12. — On receiving a letter from 
Col. Fabvier, who is about to leave Methana with 
the troops, intended to act against he Turkish 
force in Scio, in favour of the pour families under 
his care at that place, gave to him fi ty-iour barrels 
of Indian and rye meal. Distributed half a tierce 
of rice, and eight barrels of Indian and rye meal 
to the poor. 

Sunday, Oct. 14. — Capt. St. George Sutton, 
nephew of L >rd Cochrane, and several other offi- 
cers in the Greek navy dined with me to-day. 
Gave two barrels of Indian meal, and four pair of 
stockings to the poor. Received the following 
letter from the Greek government :— 

Office of State, Secretary of Foreign Jlffairs, to 

j. P Miller, Esq. 
Sir, — Some families, who have been deprived ol 
their husbands at the unfortunate siege of Misso- 
longhi, having escaped from the enemy, anrl taken 
refuge in this Island, have applied to the Govern- 
ment, in great distress ,to relieve their wants. The 
said families, (who are six in number,) the govern* 
ment would recommend to you for charity, having 
had already ample proofs of your disposition to re- 
lieve distress. 

. I am, with due respect, vour friend, 

G. GLAR4KIS, Sec'ry, 

Egina, Oct. ~th, 1827. 

In compliance with the request contained in the 
above letter, I gave a barrel of Indian meal to each 
family. Gave to the lame, the hait, and the blind, 
collected around the magazine, four barrels of rye 
and Indian meal. Gave a poor woman, who was 
M 



130 CONDITION OP fcREEGE. 

sick, one dollar, to enable her to provide herself 
with medical assistance. 

Wednesday, Oct. 17. — Sold to Jarvis, for his own 
use, three barrels of fish, two of meat, and one 
tierce of rice for thirty-seven dollars. Distributed 
one tierce of pease, and three barrels of Indian 
meal, and one piece of cotton to the poor. Gave 
a dollar to a sick woman, and seven piastres to a 
man. 

Thursday, Oct. 18. — I received the following 
ietter from the Greek Government, with one from 
General Church upon the same subject. 

The Greek Government to J. P. Miller^ Esq. 

Egina, Sept. 27th, O. S. 1827. 

Sir,— Several families having been driven from 
their homes through fear of the enemy, have taken 
refuge in the monastery of Mega Spelio, in the 
province of Calavrita, are in want of their daily 
bread, and solicit the aid of the Government. Not 
being able to supply their wants, the Government 
have recourse to you, and beg you to assist them 
from what you have in hand of the donations. 

I subscribe myself, with great respect, 

Your friend, 
G. GLARAKIS, Sechj. 

In compliance with the above letter, and the one 
from Gen. Church, I sent to Mega Spelio 150 bar- 
rels of rye and Indian meal. Paid 30 piastres for 
rent of magazine. 

October 19. — Distributed to the poor half a tierce 
of rice, and four barrels of meal. Gave one dollar 
to a poor woman to pay her fare to the island of 
Tino, where she has friends. Gave eight piastre* 
to a poor sick woman. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 131 

Sell Provisions to the Navy. 

October 20. — Sold to the Commission for sup* 
plying the Greek fleet the following articles : 

20 tierces rice, (damaged) at one piastre the oka* 

68 barrels of fish, at $4 -«er barrel. 

87 do beef and pork, at $5 per bbl. 

Without these supplies the fleet could not put to 
sea. By so doing, I aided the cause of the coun- 
try, and supplied myself with means to meet cur« 
rent expenses. 

Oct. 21 — Jarvis, on opening his barrels of salt 
provisions, found two of them spoiled, and I accor- 
dingly took them back. 

An American Vessel robbed by the Pirates. 

Col. Pisa arrived from Syra, and brought me the 
following letter from Dr. Howe : 

_ Syra, Oct 18, 1827. 

Mr Dear Miller, — Col. Pisa is just going of% 
and 1 send by him a few lines, to inform you that 
we are still in life and health. We have been de- 
layed by different causes, but shall leave here to- 
morrow for Pores. There has just been brought 
in here an American vessel from Boston, which was 
plundered by the piiqtes, and found by a Greek 
goelette on shore at Delos, without one soul on 
board, and the boat missing. Yours, &c. 

S. G. HOWE, 

Gave a barrel of meal to a poor woman, recom- 
mended to me by Psylus. Distributed to the sick 
about a barrel of rice, and to the poor four barrels 
of Indian meal 

Oct 23. — Drs. Howe and Russ arrived this 
morning, from distributing among the Islands, an 
account of which I expect to receive from themo 



J 32 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

Gave out one barrel of flour to a poor family, 
and a barrel of bread to another. Gave a dollar to 
a poor boy who was sick. 

Paid to George Constantine one hundred dollars 
for five months services, half of which he received 
in provisions. 

Oct. 24. — Gave to a poor woman one barrel of 
Indian meal, and to another 20 okas of rice. 

Prepare to establish a Hospital. 

Oct. 25. — Went to Egina in company with Dr. 
Russ, in order to get some boards to make beds for 
the hospital, and to get pay for two barrels of flour ? 
three kegs of pease, fifty okas of rice, and six pieces 
of leather, which I had sold to Alexander K a peri, 
a Sciote merchant, whom we considered one of the 
most honourable of the Greeks; but on our arrival 
we found that he had departed with the expedition 
intended to act against Spio, which continued in the 
possession of the Turks. As I have ever consi* 
dered him an honourable man, I trust that he will 
pay for the articles when he returns, as he is by no 
means poor. 

When we went to purchase the boards for the 
hospital; we told the men our object, and yet they 
contrived a regular plan to defraud us out of 3U0 
piastres. 

News of the Battle of Navarino. 

Oct. 26.-r-News arrived at Egina of a decided 
victorj gained over the Turkish fleet ar Navarino, 
by the combined fleets of England, France, and 
Russia; The Greeks are all in the highest spirits, 
on account of* the desn action of the Turkish fleet 
believing that their redemption is now certain. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 138 

Found at Egina Mr. Heartly, a missionary whom 
I had formerly known at Malta and Smyrna. My 
meeting with him was extremely pleasant. 1 con* 
sider him a faithful and laborious servant of the 
Prince of Peace. 

Gave two dollars to a poor woman who has 
lately lost her sight bv sickness, and one dollar to 
an Athenian widow, pointed out to me by the Bi- 
shop of Talanti. 

Oct. 27. — Received a long letter from Petrod 
Bay Mavromichalis, desiring me to send some pro- 
visions to the destitute inhabitants of Maina. I 
was obliged to inform him that until another vessel 
arrived I had it not in my power to do so. 

I gave a dollar a piece to three blind men who 
were in a state of starvation. 

Fourteen marriages were celebrated this day at 
Egina, in consequence of the news received yester- 
day of the destruction of the Turkish fleet. The 
parties had been betrothed for two or three years* 
but the miseries of the country had prevented con- 
summation until now, when the prospect brightens. 

Jin Oration in consequence of the Victory , 
October 29. — Speridian Tricoupi delivered an 
address to the people in public to-day, on account 
of the late victory over the Turkish fleet in the 
harbour of Navarino. There was rejoicing, and a 
public procession on the occasion. The audience 
was numerous and attentive* and the address by no 
means contemptible. 

Gave to an orphan girl who was nearly naked 
sixteen piastres. 

M^ 



134 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

Some particulars of the Battle of Navarim. 
Oct. 30. — Capt. Hamilton, of the British frigate 
Cambrian, arrived at Egina this morning. I went 
on board as soon as possible, in order to learn the 
particulars of the victory. After waiting on the 
officers of the gun-room Capt. Hamilton gave 
me an audience of an hour, during which time he 
gave me a detailed account oi the engagement, and 
showed me the official letter addressed to the com- 
bined fleets b} Vice- Admiral Sir E. Codrington, in 
which he complimented the forces under his com- 
mand on the courage and unity of feeling which 
they displayed during the engagement. The fol- 
lowing is the account of killed and wounded during 
the action, which he gave me : 





Killed. 


Wounded, 


Total. 


English, 


74 


198 


272 


French, 


43 


141 


184 


Russian. 


59 


139 


198 



654 



Great Distress in Maina. 



Capt. Hamilton represented the distress in Mai 
jaa, (a part of ancient Laconia) as being beyond all 
description. He gave from the Cambrian's stores 
all that he was able to spare, to relieve the poor 
wretches who were daily dying before his eyes of 
starvation. He showed me a letter which he had 
addressed to the Admiral, in which he expressed 
an earnest wish that the people of England might 
follow the example of the Americans, and send out 
provisions and men to superintend their distribution 
In speaking of the Bay of Maina, he observed-- 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 136 

" If you should give toPetroni Bay to-morrow, bread 
for the poor, I know well that he would sell it." 

Oct. 31. — 1 sent three wounded men to the hos- 
pital at Poros, and paid two dollars for their pas- 
sage thither. They were Greeks, who had been 
forced on board the Turkish fleet, were blown up 
during the engagement at Njvarino, and afterwards 
taken up by the boats of the Cambrian. 

Gave to a poor widow one dollar. Purchased 
boards to the amount of twenty-five dollars, to in- 
crease the accommodations at the hospital. Re- 
turned to Poros at night, and paid five dollars for 
ah my expenses during my absence. 

November 2, 1827.— Of the 63 barrels offish 
(herring) which were sold to the Commission for 
supplying the navy, 45 proved on examination to 
be spoiled, and five barrels of beef, I accordingly 
took them back, and gave others in their place. 
Delivered to Dr. Russ 22 tierces of rice and 119 
barrels of Indian and rye meal, for the use of the 
hospital ; also to Mr. Stuyvesant one barrel of In- 
dian meal for distribution. Gave a barrel of bread 
and one of Indian meal, to the poor. 

Mr. Sttiyvesant's departure for the United States. 

Mr. Stuyvesant left Poros this morning, in com 
pany with Capt. Richards, late of the U. S. army. 
They were fortunate enough to get a passage on 
board the Sauvieur, by the politeness of Capt. Tho- 
mas, who gives them a passage to Syra, from 
whence they will, if possible, get a passage to Mar- 
seilles, and from thence to England, and the United 
States. Mr. Stuyvesant has been over three 
months and a half in Greece, during which time he 
has devoted himself cheerfully to the duties of hie 
3irency, without murmuring at the privations and 



186 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

hardships which he frequently had to encounter. 
His advice and company have been to me sources 
of usefulness and pleasure, while his upright con- 
duct has won him the esteem of all those gentle* 
men with whom he became acquainted in this 
country ; and I look forward with pleasure to the 
hour when I hope to meet him on our native shoreSe 
JWw. 6. — N^ws arrived of the re-taking of Scio 
by the Greeks. The particulars are not yet 
known, but it causes great joy. 

Another Vessel with Provisions, from America. 

November 7. — Heard to-day of the arrival of 
an American vessel at Napoli di Romania; but 
judge of my surprise when I heard that she had 
broken bulk and delivered upwards of 500 barrels 
of meal and salt provisions to that den of thieves ! I 
I had left letters there, signed by Dr. Howe, Mr. 
Leib, Mr. Stuyvesant, and myself, apprising the 
captain and supercargo of any American vessel 
which might arrive there, of the perfidy of the 
!ocal government. 

It was reported that the captain had left Napoli 
for Poros, two days since. Fearing that he might 
fall in with pirates, J procured a boat and several 
armed men, to go out in quest of the vessel, and 
bring her into the harbour. As I wa? unwell, Dr, 
Russ took command of the boat. 

Mr. Stuyvesant returns. 
At eight o'clock in the evening, some one 
knocked at my door, and on opening it, 1 was hap- 
py to find that my friend Stuyvesant had returned ; 
having met the brig Jane, from New-York, at sea, 
and got on board of her. He informed that the 
fane was beating into the harbour, and would soon 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 13* 

be at anchor. He brought me also the following 
letter from the Chairman of the Greek Committee 

Letter from the Greek Committee to J. P. Miller. 

New-York, September IQth, 1*27. 

Dear Sir, — The Executive Committee for the 
relief of the Greeks, in the city of New- York, ac- 
knowledge with great pleasure, the receipt of your 
letter, dated Poros, June 2d, enclosing a copy of 
your communication addressed t»> the Greek Go- 
vernment. This letter was received the i9th ulti- 
mo. The committee entirely approve of the course 
pursued by you; and your letter, which was imme- 
diately made public, was calculated to give great 
satisfaction Jo the donors of the provisions and 
clothing, with the distribution of which you was 
charged The Six Brothers> containing the second 
cargo of In p plies, under the charge of Mr Striy* 
vesdnt, sailed from this port on or about the eighth 
of May last, and her cargo, no doubt, ere this, is 
delivered. By the Six Brothers, the Committee 
wrote, requesting you not to return until *he arrival 
of the third rargo. This cargo is m\v sent, under 
the care of Mr. Henry A- V. Post, who is charged, 
in connexion with yourself, to make distribution of 
th^ same. We fear from the advices received in 
this country, that the affairs of Greece, unless 
foreign a^ shall be speedily afforded, are in a des- 
perate situation- You can assure the Greeks of 
the sympathies of thousands of their fellow Chris-* 
tians in this country. 

Although there are some funds remaining in the 
bands of the New York and Alham Committees^ 
yet it is believed these will not be sufficient to ena- 
ble them to despatch a fourth cargo : so that, ?t\ev 
the distribution of the cargo of the Jane, the Com- 



138 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

mittee will have no further need of your services in 
Greece, and you are at liberty to return whenever 
it shall suit your convenience. 

For the Executive Greek Committee. 

LYNDE GATLIN 

Contents of the Cargo as hy the Invoice. 
1274 barrels kiin dried corn meal* 
266 d >. flour. 
1? 1 half barrels flour, 
65 barrels pork. 
6 do. beef. 

5 tierce pease; 

6 barrels pe^se. 
1 barrel wheat. 

115 boxes, bales, tierces, and bundles of cloth- 
ing, &c. 

Though it was night, I went on board the Jane, 
in defiance of a fever which had been upon me for 
two days. I teund Dr. Ross already on board, 
and was introduced to Mr. Post, Captain Proctor. 
Mr. Bartleti, arid Mr Tarleton. 

I expresse/i to Mr. Post my surprise that he should 
have broken bulk at Napoli, after receiving the 
letter signed by us all. He justified himself, how- 
ever, on account of the misery which he saw in 
the place, and his desire to relieve it. He was 
not so much to blame as the artful ehieis, who^ 
pressed forward all the naked poor, and serving 
inhabitants, presenting such a scene o£ hun^n wo 
and wretchedness as no American, with a spark of 
sympathy, could withstand. It had the desired 
effect, and operated upon a heart, full of the sym- 
pathies of our nature, and unaccustomed to fraud 
and guile I felt deeply vexed, however, to think 
that the Chiefs of Napoli, after so many acts of 



CONDITION OF GREE8E. 13B 

violence, should be again permitted to possess them« 
selves of the provisions designed for the poor ; for 
after the barrels were landed, the needy multitude 
were driven away, and almost all went to the sol- 
diers.* 

Nov. 6. — Paid 160 piastres for magazines to 
store the cargo of the Jane. Gave one dollar to a 
poor man to pay his passage to the island of Tino* 
where he had friends. 

Gave one barrel of meal to a poor woman who 
came from Maina, for herself and family. Deli- 
vered four barrels of Indian meal, to be distributed 
among twenty-one Greeks, who escaped from the 
Turkish fleet, when it was destroyed at Navarino. 

Nov. 7. — -It being a fast day, we were not able 
to begin unloading the Jane. 

Nov. 8.— Early in the morning commenced 
discharging the remaining part of the cargo of the 
Jane. 

The hospital under the care of Drs. Howe and 
Russ commenced operations this morning. 

Gave one barrel of Indian meal to a poor Hydra- 

* Mr. Post in a letter to the Chairman of the Greek Committee, 
states, that having been invited on shore, " we of course could not do 
less than accept their invitation, and did in fact behold with our own 
eyes, a scene of suffering and distress, which the favoured inhabitant* 
of our happy land can scarcely conceive. Hundreds of miserable be» 
ings, with famished countenances* and tattered garments, were lying 
encamped in teuts of rushes, and besought us, as we passed through 
them, with out-stretched hands and imploring looke, to have com- 
passion upon their forlorn and hopeless condition. Never were my 
sympathies so powerfully excited as when I learnt that many of these 
poor sufferers were once among the wealthiest and most respectable 
inhabitants of Greece, who had fled from the desolation of their lands 
and the conflagration of their dwellings, and were now struggling to 
maintain a miserable existence by means which humanity sickens to 
contemplate. I accordingly landed 500 barrels of corn-meal and 
dour, and sixteen boxes and packages of dry goods and clothing." Of 
these articles 430 barrels went to the garrison, 70 barrels were given 
to the poor, and the boxes of dry goods were sold. See another letter 
from Mr. Post, touching this matter— Appendix, No. 7.— Ed, 



140 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

ote, and another to a poor widow, and distributed 
one barrel to sundry poor from my quarters* 

Nov. 9. — Continued unloading the brig Jane, 
and arranging affairs for sending a schooner load 
of provisions to Lutracha. Engaged a schooner U> 
perform the voyage for forty-five dollars and sixty 
okas of bread. 

Settled with Dr. Howe for the expenses incurred 
in establishing the hospital. The doctor presented 
me with a minute and correct account, by which it- 
appeared that he had expended 4033 piastres, and 
had received, from the sale of rice and of empty 
barrels, 3310 piastres; and that there was conse- 
quently due him 723 piastres, (equal, to about 
$50 61) which I paid to him. 

Nov. 10. — Paid 300 piastres for boats and 
labourers in discharging the cargo of the Jane, 

Distributed to the poor three barrels of meal 
and five pair of shoes. 

Exchanged a pair of boots with Captain Proctor 
for some articles for the hospital, and sold a pair of 
stockings to Dr. Howe for 25 cents. 

Send three Orphan Greek Children to America. 

Nov. 11. — Made an arrangement wirh Cap- 
tain Proctor to take three orphan children to Ame- 
rica, one girl and two boys. One of the boys has 
been adopted by Dr. Howe, and one by Mr. Stuy- 
vesant. To these children we gave three blankets 
and sundry articles of clothing. For their support: 
on the passage we gave to Captain Proctor two 
barrels of salt provisions, one barrel of flour, and 
one of Indian meal. 

Distributed to the poor three barrels of Indian 
meal, seven pair oi shoes, one coat, three shirts, 
and one piece of cotton cloth* 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 141 

Gave three barrels of Indian meal to three poor 
Suliote families, consisting of 21 persons. 

Nov. 12.— Delivered to the Suliote families, at 
Thamala, five barrels of Indian meal. Gave to the 
poor sundry articles of clothing and one barrel of 
Indian meal, and a barrel of damaged meat. Gave 
to a poor Philhellene a pair of shoes and a pair of 
stockings. Paid three piastres for boat hire. 

The schooner being loaded with 17,467 okas of 
wheat flour, 148 barrels of Indian meal, one cask 
of pease, 21 boxes and packages of clothing will 
sail in the morning under the direction of Mr. Post 
for Lutracha. 

Dr. Howe and Mr. Stuyvesant depart for America* 

November 13. — Dr. Howe and Mr. Stuyvesant 
with four Greek children under their protection* 
left Poros this morning in the brig Jane, bound for 
the port of New-York. 

Mr. Post sailed also this morning for the port of 
Kenchrea, with the schooner and cargo before 
mentioned for distribution at Lutracha. 

Delivered to Dr. Russ, for the hospital, from the 
cargo of the Jane, fourteen coverlets and nineteen 
sheets. 

Distributed to sundry poor persons, one barrel 
of Indian meal, and half a tierce of rice ; and also 
six pair of shoes, and several articles of clothing. 

Paid one dollar for boat hire. 

A bad fellow. 

November 14.— One of the wealthiest and most 
Influential men in Poros, came to purchase a pair 
of shoes, for* he knew well that I would not rive 

N 



146 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

them to him. He bought one pair, for which he 
paid a dollar, and tried to bribe my servant to let 
him steal two more pairs. He is well known by 
the name of Kako George.* 

Distributed to the poor three barrels of Indian 
meal, and half a tierce of rice. Gave to Col. Pisa 
for distribution among the poor, six barrels of In- 
dian meal. 

Shepherds robbed of their flocks by the soldiers of 

Grivas. 
November 15. — Early in the morning I received 
the following letter from the Greek Government. 

The Greek Government to the Agents of the 
American Philanthropic Committees. 
Gentlemen, — The bearers of these letters are 
shepherds, who were obliged to flee from Tripolitza, 
before the invading army of Ibrahim Pacha, and to 
take up their residence in the neighbourhood of 
Napoli di Romania, where the soldiers of Grivas 
fell on them a few days since, and robbed them of 
all their flocks, together with their clothes and 
arms- Knowing your philanthropy, we commend 
them to your mercy. 

By order of the Government, 

G. GLARAKIS, Sec'y. 

Egina, November 12> 1827. 

Refuse a request from Grwas* surgeon. 
I had hardly finished reading the foregoing letter, 
when the surgeon of Grivas, from Napoli, brought 
me a petition from the local government of thai; 

* This is probably a nitjk naine, as team (kakos) is the Greek term 
w bad. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 143 

place, requesting me to give something to their 
hospital. The repeated acts of violence committed 
by the Chiefs and Government of Napoli on the 
American donations were sufficient to make me re* 
fuse their request ; but I had also every reason to 
believe that this same surgeon had killed Dr. Bruno* 
physician to Lord Byron, a few months since, in 
order to possess himself of his clothes ; and with 
this belief, I shall, therefore, leave the Committee 
to judge in what manner I received him. 

Gave to a poor woman, with six children, from 
Krinethea, one barrel of meal, three pair of stock- 
ings, three pair of shoes, and suadry articles of 
clothing. 

Gave to the hospital 500 yards of cotton cloth, 
three sheets, three pair of pantaloons, ten pair of 
stockings, and one shirt. 

Gave to a poor man one pair of shoes. 

Gave to a poor woman, who had three orphan 
children under her protection, two barrels of Indian 
meal. 

Gave to another poor woman, a shirt, a pair of 
stockings, and a pair of shoes. To a third, a gown, 
two shirts, two pair of stockings, a pair of shoes ? 
and a handkerchief. 

November 16.— Delivered to Dr. Russ, for the 
use of the hospital, fourteen shirts, ten pair of pan- 
taloons, three vests and two gowns, and sundry 
other articles of clothing. 

Delivered to the poor thirteen pair of shoes, and 
numerous articles of dress, and also one barrel of 
Indian meal and one barrel of flour. 

Nota Botzaris. 
Nota Botzaris, uncle to the famous Marco, who 
fell at Carvara, called upon me to solicit something 



144 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

for the Suliote families at Napoli. He acknow- 
ledged the receipt of the ten barrels, which 1 had sent 
to him a few days since. He said that he intended 
to bring all the Suliote families from Napoli to 
Thamala, in which case I promised to give them 
100 barrels of flour and meal, but would not trust 
it in or near to Napoli. 1 made the old chief a 
present of a pair of fine riding gloves, which I found 
in the cargo of the Jane, with which he seemed 
highly pleased. 

November 17. — Sold to Captain Chrystal, who 
is now in the service of Lord Cochrane, seven pair 
of shoes for as many dollars. 

In overhauling the boxes of clothing find many 
articles useful to the hospital. Gave to Dr. Russ 3 
for that establishment, fourteen sheets and blankets, 
bed ticking for eight beds, five pair of pillow cases,, 
and forty shirts. Paid six dollars for a brass kettle 
for the hospital. 

Delivered to the poor sundry articles of clothing, 
and distributed to them three barrels of Indian 
meal. 

Gave to a poor woman, who was in a state of 
starvation, a barrel of flour, and sundry articles of 
clothing. Distributed three barrels of Indian meal 
and one of rye, and various articles of clothing to 
numerous other poor. 

Clothing by the brig Jane well assorted. 

There was a great deal of judgment used by the 
donors in making up the assortment of dry goods 
which compose the Jane's cargo. A better assort- 
ment I have not seen, nor one more calculated to 
do good to this destitute people. Delivered to Dr. 
Russ three boxes for the use of the hospital. 

Sold to Col. Pisa (who was robbed by the pirates 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 146 

a few days ago) clothing to the amount of four dol* 
Jars. 

Gave several parcels of woollen yarn to the poor 
women to make themselves stockings. 

November IS. — Distributed to the poor two bar- 
rels of rye, and three of Indian meal. Gave a 
shawl to a poor woman, and a pair of stockings 
each to six others. 

An Athenian sent to me his wife's gown that I 
might purchase it, saying he had sold his last arti- 
cles of furniture to procure food. I sent him the 
garment back again, with a dollar in cash, and a 
barrel of Indian meal. 

November 19. — Went to see a black man from 
the United States, who had an arm and a leg broken 
in the engagement with the Turks in the Gulf ol 
Lepanto. I gave him two dollars to enable him to 
pay off his nurse, and promised to move him to the 
hospital. 

Gave a cartridge box and canteen, together with 
the powder and ball found in one of the boxes, to a 
Captain who is about to sail on an expedition to 
Candia against the Turks. 

Distributed ten pair of shoes, together with sun- 
dry articles of clothing, to the almost naked. 

Sold two pair of shoes to some wealthy Hydra- 
otes for two dollars. 

November 20. — Early in the morning I distributed 
to the poor two barrels of rye, and one of Indian 
meal. 

Delivered to Nota Botzaris for the Suliote famU 
lies which he had brought from Napoli di Romania, 
100 barrels of flour and Indian meal, together with 
sundry articles of clothing. Gave furniture to Dr, 
Ru»s for the hospital to the amount of eight dollars 
N2 



146 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

Put the cowskin upon an unworthy Greek: 
The little girl which 1 had adopted was sent to 
the United States with Captain Proctor, in the brig 
Jane, under the care of Dr. Howe and Mr. Stuy- 
yesant. This afternoon the step-father called, 
and pretended much sorrow at my having sent his 
child away ; but as I knew that the scoundrel had, 
on his second marriage, endeavoured to kill the 
child, and had gone off and left her without a para 
(| of a cent) for six months in Poros, I gave him a 
sound flogging with a cowskin, and sent him about 
his business. 

JVVi?. 21. — Gave the paper found in one of the 
boxes to Dr. Russ for the use of the hospital. 

Distributed to the poor four barrels of Indian 
meal, and two of rye, also six gowns, twelve shirts, 
fourteen pair of shoes and stockings, and some 
cotton cloth. 

Four thousand poor. 
Nov. 22.— The schooner, with Mr. Post, re* 
lurned this morning from Corinth, where the whole 
cargo has been distributed to about four thousand 
poor people, inhabiting the town of Lutracha on 
ttie gulf of Corinth. Jarvis assisted Mr. Post in 
the distribution, and returned with him to Poros, 
Distributed to sundry poor people 
23 pair of shoes, 
8 do stockings, 
14 gowns, 
20 shirts, and 
2 pair pantaloons. 
Gave also to a poor woman from Constantinople 
a gown and a handkerchief. 
Paid for soldering a large kettle nine piastres. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 147 

Paid to a soldier, who accompanied Dr. Howe 
in making sundry distributions, 165 piastres. 

Paid for the services of the vessel (a Martigo) 
for twelve days, 61 dollars. 

JVbv. 23. — Gave a barrel of flour to a poor Hy- 
draote, recommended to me by John Geka. 

Gave to a poor fellow who lost a leg at Athens, 
two shirts, a pair of shoes, and cloth to make him a 
winter's dress. 

Distributed to various poor persons, four barrels 
of Indian meal, twelve pair of shoes, twelve shirts, 
four gowns, one shawl, and three handkerchiefs. 

Gave to the poor shepherds who had been rob- 
bed by Grivas and his soldiers, thirty barrels of 
Indian and rye meal, and one box of ready made 
clothing. 

Sent a man to Egina, to pay 158 piastres for the 
use of the magazine taken by Dr. Howe. 

Paid the man three dollars for performing the 
voyage. 

Nov. 24. — Delivered to the poor ten pair of shoes, 
ten pair of stockings, sixty-five yards of cotton 
cloth, and sundry other articles of clothing. 

Gave to Dr. Russ, for the use of the hospital, a 
quantity of white silk found in one of the boxes 
from Albany. 

Gave to a poor widow, who came in the evening 
with her infant child (both of them almost naked), 
cloth for a suit of clothes, a pair of shoes and 
stockings, and a handkerchief. 

Hospital dedicated. 

JVW. 25. — Had the bishop of Thamala, with five 
other priests, to dedicate the hospital. 

Admiral Miaulis, Tombazis, Geka, and a num- 
hev of the other principal men in the island were 



148 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

present, to give solemnity and interest on the 
occasion. 

Paid 6 dollars for the dedication. 

Gave to a woman who is 102 years old, a barrel 
of Indian meal and two blankets. 

Paid for conveying patients to the hospital 10 
piastres, for dying cloth 154 piastres, for lemons 
1 dollar. 

Distributed to the poor nine barrels of Indian 
meal, six pair of shoes, and four pair of stockings. 

JVot>. 26. — Distributed to the poor sixteen bar- 
rels of bread and meal, three boxes of clothing, 
three barrels of fish, twelve suits of clothes to as 
many individuals, twenty-eight pair of shoes, a 
quantity of thread, thimbles, and needles. 

Gave to a Hydraote who lost his leg before Mis* 
solonghi, under the gallant Miaulis, a barrel of flour 
and one of Indian meal. 

The disposition shown by many of the higher 
class of Greeks to defraud the poor is most noto- 
rious and worthy of the greatest detestation. Ac- 
customed so long to the oppression of the Turkish 
government, they know of no method of acquiring 
riches but by chicanery and fraud, and they have 
but faint ideas of the disinterested benevolence 
which prompted the American donations.* 

Threw into the sea three barrels of meat which 
was fairly rotten. 

Paid to the lpsariote, who had charge of our bar- 
rels at Egina, six dollars for his services. 

JVod. 27. — Distributed to the poor four barrels of 

* Dr. Howe remarks in a letter to Mr. Miller ; " I have no reckon 
mz to give to a Greek : to men who cannot for the life of them con 
-eive, now a man can have a hundred thousand piastres in his hands; 
to distribute, with every opportunity to cabbage undiscovered 3 and np^; 
iloit' 3 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 149 

bread and three of Indian meal, together with two 
hundred yards of cloth and twelve p^ir of shoes. 

Nov. 28. — Gave to the bishop of Negropont, on 
the recommendation of Mavrocordato, two barrels 
of meal and seventy yards cotton cloth. 

Distributed to the poor two barrels of bread and 
eight of Indian meal ; also two hats and four pair 
of shoes, with sundry articles of clothing and two 
calf skins, 

Nov. 29. — Distributed one tierce of rice, three 
hundred yards cloth, ten pair shoes and stockings, 
and one calf skin. 

A boafs crew robbed and murdered by the pirates, 
Two American sailors having arrived at Poros, 
in the steam-vessel Perseverance, about two months 
since, were desirous of returning to the United 
States: the one of them belonged to Norfolk, Vir- 
ginia, where he has a family ; the other to Boston, 
Massachusetts. They deposited their money, 
amounting to 60 dollars, together with a good sil- 
ver watch, with me during their stay at this island. 
As they could not speak the language, I hired a 
Kiecke for them, in order to go to Milo to find an 
American vessel to take them home. The owner 
of the boat was an old Ponote, by the name of 
Pantalis. They sailed from Poros in the evening ; 
the boat's crew consisting of three persons, all from 
Poros, together with Pantalis, the owner, one Eng- 
lish and the two American sailors. A Hydraote 
boat, it appears, was laying in wait for them out- 
side of the harbour, and took them, and after rob- 
bing and killing them, scuttled and sunk the boat, 
Three of the Poriotes have left widows and or- 
phans, to whom I have given four barrels of breads 
one of pork., one of meal ? and thirty yards of cloth^ 



150 CONDITION OP GREECE* 

as they are poor. Pantalis, the owner of the boat, 
was a good old man: I have always found him 
honest and faithful whenever I have employed him. 
JVou. 30. — Gave to two Athenian widows two 
barrels of bread. Their husbands were both killed 
at Athens. Gave cloth to an old man from Tri- 
politza to make him a suit of clothes, and also a 
barrel of bread and a pair of shoes. Received a 
letter from old Fotomares, a Souliote chief, in- 
quiring if the hundred barrels, which I delivered to 
Nota Botzaris, were to be equally divided among 
the widows and orphans of the whole tribe of Su- 
liotes ; as it appears that Botzaris has manifested 
some disposition to appropriate the whole to him- 
self. Learnt that the brig which robbed the Ame- 
rican brig Phebe Ann, last summer, off Napoli di 
Malvasia, is the very one proposed by the Bay of 
Maina to me, to convey the American donations to 
the distressed women and children of that province. 
On learning this fact, I not only refused having any 
thing to do with the Bay, or bis ship, but addressed 
two letters ; the one to David Ottley, Esq. United 
States consul at Smyrna, and the other to the com- 
mander of any United States vessel in the Archi- 
pelago, informing them of the facts. These letters 
I sent under cover to the Rev. Edward Brewer, 
American missionary at Syra, to be forwarded by 
him to their respective destination. 

December 1, 1827. — Received a note from the 
Astronomos of Poros, in behalf of two poor widows 
and their orphan children ; to whom 1 gave a bar- 
rel of meal and sixteen yards of cloth. 

Received also a note from Glarakis, Secretary of 
State, in behalf of a native of Rakova, who had a 
large and destitute family, having lost all his pro- 
perty by the Turks, 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 151 

Dec. 2. — Delivered to three poor people with fa- 
milies a barrel of rye meal each, and twenty-five 
yards of woollen cloth. Gave to other individuals 
ten pair of shoe* and eight pair of stockings. 

Gave to a poor woman from Haivali in Asia Mi- 
nor, who is blind, a barrel of flour. 

Gave to another poor widow with five children a 
barrel of Indian meal, and twelve yards of cloth. 

Settled with the tailor for making clothes for the 
boy which Dr. Howe took to the United States, 
and for making capotes (cloaks) for the hospita . 
Paid his demand in rice, to the amount of two hun- 
dred piastres. 

Threaten Petroni Bay. 

Dec. 3. — Petroni Bay called to receive my final 
answer, whether I would send the donations intended 
for Maina in his brig or not. I informed him that 
I considered my first answer final, and that I con- 
sidered it little less than a personal insult for him 
to press me to confide property to him, or to suffer 
it to be put on board his vessel, after I was satisfied 
that he had been employed in robbing an American 
vessel upon the high seas. I told him I had given 
information of the facts to the American squadron, 
and hoped to have the satisfaction of hearing in a 
few days that his vessel would be burnt. 

Gave to the poor half a tierce of rice, and six 
barrels of bread, together with sundry articles of 
clothing. 

Lord Cochrane arrived here to-day, after a fruit- 
less cruise of one month. 

Dec. 4. — Gave a barrel of meat, half a barrel of 
bread, and ten yards of woollen cloth to a distressed 
family of seven persons. The husband was a sailor^ 
and had been impressed, and detained seven years 



152 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

in the Turkish fleet, but made his escape at the 
battle of Navarino. 

Gave to an old man from the mountains of Rou- 
melia a barrel of rye meal ; and to one who was 
wounded at Athens, a barrel of bread, and fourteen 
yards of cloth Distributed to sundry poor half a 
tierce of rice, six barrels of bread, and various ar- 
ticles of clothing. 

The American Hospital. 

On visiting the hospital to-day, I was much de- 
lighted with its appearance. The sick and wound- 
ed under the care of Dr. Russ, were beat, cleap, 
and comfortable. It meets the entire Approbation 
of all who visit it, and is calculated to do mucti 
good to this afflicted people. Although such an 
establishment was not at first contemplated, it has 
grown out of the necessity of circumstances, and 
many of the donations were calculated to aid in 
such cases. The credit is due to Drs. Howe and 
Russ, for their exertions in getting it into operation, 
and in applying their medical skill to the relief of 
the sick. Dr. Howe has left us for the United 
States, and the hospital remains under the care of 
Dr. Russ. A part of the donations may be thus 
applied with the greatest possible benefit, under our 
own immediate inspection.* 

* John D. Russ, M. D. is a native of Massachusetts, and was edu 
cated at Yale College, in Connecticut. His father dying when he 
was young, left him a handsome fortune, which has enabled him to 
travel in Europe. He has been respected for his natural and acquired 
abilities, wherever he was known. As a professional gentleman, he 
will one day appear among the most distinguished of the faculty. 
When called upon to go out as agent and supercargo of the brig 
Statesman, from Boston, he offered his services to the Greek Com- 
mittee gratuitously, and has devoted himself to the duties of his agene* 
with a zeal rarely equalled. J. P. M, 



CONDITION OF GREECE* 158 

r 

Jl brave American, 

J)ec. 5. — George Willson, of Providence, it 
Ehode- Island, paid me a visit to-day. He is first 
gunner in the Greek fleet, and has conducted him- 
self in such a manner since he has been in the ser- 
vice as to reflect credit both on himself and coun- 
try. Such was the gallantry which he displayed in 
the action with the Turkish fleet in the Gulf of 
Lepanto, that Lord Cochrane publicly drank big 
health at a dinner party given in commemoration of 
the event. 

Distributed one barrel of pork and six barrels of 
bread to the poor, together with sundry articles of 
clothing. 

The ' Astronomos of Poros sent me a long list of 
^widows and orphans, but I ascertained that they were 
all persons of his own family. I therefore sent him 
word that I had nothing more to distribute at Poros, 
that I had already given more than 2000 dollar;? 
worth of property to the Island, and that the claims 
of the poor at Calamata, Mistra, Nisea, Navarino f 
and Modon, were much greater than those of ibe 
poor of Poros. 

Women in extreme Distress. 

Dec. 6. — Gave to six poor women from Kathara 
three barrels of bread, and ten yards of cloth. Gave 
to the poor, three barrels of meat, one of Indiai? 
meal, and four of bread. 

About twelve o'clock at night Jarvis went to the 
rloor, where he found six women sleeping upon the 
rocks, (in a winter's night) almost naked. They 
had come from Krinetha, the distance of sixteen. 
hours, in quest of food and clothing, 
O 



154 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

I arose and gave them two barrels of bread and 
thirty yards of cloth. 

Dec. 7. —On rising in the morning, found as 
usual the gate crowded with naked and starving 
old men, women, and children. 

Distributed to the poor one barrel of flour, five of 
bread, three of beans, and one of fish ; also, fifteen 
yards of woollen, and fifty of cotton cloth, together 
with sundry articles of clothing. 

Gave to an aged priest, who came from Spetzia 
with Messrs. Post and Jarvis, a barrel of bread and 
a barrel of beans. 

Gave to a man, who, having lost all his property 
In the revolution, has become extremely poor, with 
a large family, three barrels of bread, and thirty 
yards of cloth. 

A party dine at the Hospital. 

Dec. 8. — Had a number of friends to dinner this 
day at the hospital, all of whom were pleased with 
the establishment and the comfort it affords to the 
sick. 

Among the guests was Dr. Gosse, the head of the 
Commission for supplying the Greek Navy. He 
informed me, that in eight or ten days the Commis- 
sioners would be able to pay us for the provisions 
which they purchased of us, and which amount in 
value to upwards of one thousand eight hundred 
dollars. 

We passed the afternoon and evening agreeably, 

Send Provisions to Maina. 
Dec. 9.— Engaged a Spetziote brig to take pro- 
visions to Maina. Agreed with Capt. Geo. Lim- 
bassi, owner of the brig Hypria, to pay him 3| pi- 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 155 

astres per barrel, and provisions for the crew during 
the voyage. Commenced loading, and made some 
progress to-day. 

Distributed to the poor six barrels offish and ten 
of bread. 

Gave to six families from Dumbraina, six barrels 
of Indian meal, and half a tierce of rice. 

Gave a barrel of bread and fifteen yards of cloth 
to a poor woman, recommended to me by Glarakis, 

Paid five dollars for the use of the magazine. 

Dec. 10. — It rained all day, and prevented us 
from completing the lading of the brig. 

Distributed to the poor eight barrels of Indian 
meal, half a tierce of rice, and twelve pair of stock- 
ings, together with about one hundred yards of 
cotton and woollen cloth, 

The poor who are from morning till night around 
my house, frequently amount to two and three hun- 
dred. They often come from a distance of twenty 
and thirty miles ; but the greatest caution is neces- 
sary, in order to prevent deception. 

Dec. 11. — Distributed to the poor eight barrels 
of damaged fish, which, notwithstanding, was gree- 
dily devoured by the hungry multitude. Gave out 
also ten barrels of rye and Indian meal, seven bar* 
rels of bread, and sundry articles of clothing. 

Finished loading the brig for Maina, there being 
on board 49 barrels of salt provisions, and 1051 
barrels of flour, rice, bread, and meal Constan- 
tine Bay called, just as the brig was about to sail, 
and demanded of me a passage to Maina for his 
Secretary, which I promptly refused. 

Paid one hundred piastres for loading the brig ? 
and two hundred for a magazine. 

Heard at evening of a victory gained over the 



156 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

t Turks at Tricoli by Gen. Karitasso, and other 
Chiefs. The Turks are said to have lost six hun^ 
dred men and fifteen pieces of cannon. 

December 1 2. — Distributed to the poor four bar- 
rels of bread, three barrels of Indian meal, half a 
tierce of rice, five barrels of flour, and four of 
beans, with sundry articles of clothing. 

Delivered to a priest from Salona three barrels 
of fish for twenty- one persons, who are in the 
greatest distress and poverty. 

December 13. — Delivered to George Comono- 
polo, on the recommendation of Mavrocordato, ten 
barrels offish and two of flour, with sundry articles 
of clothing, to be distributed among 115 souls, who 
are at Astros. 

Gave to an aged priest, on the recommendation 
of Mons. Gropius, two barrels of fish, for two poor 
families from Livadia. 

Distributed to the poor six barrels of bread and 
meal, more than thirty ready made garments, and 
aight pair of shoes. 

Jlgreeable change. 

December 14. — It is truly a novel sight in this 
part of the world to see the Grecian girls running 
around in their plaid gowns, made in the Frank (or 
American) fashion. It does one's heart good to 
see so many women and children decently clothed, 
though not in the fashion of the country. The 
children are mightily tickled and pleased with their 
new dresses. The contrast is indeed very great, 
since they now look decent and comfortable, 
whereas when they first presented themselves, many 
were almost naked, and some entirely so. 

The garments sent without making, with thread 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 157 

and tape packed up in them, do great credit to the 
donors in America. 

Distributed to the poor four barrels of bread, and 
three of beans, with sundry articles of clothing. 

Paid half a dollar for the freight of the barrels 
sent to Astros. Paid 50 piastres for the rent of a 
magazine. Paid 350 piastres for the rent of the 
hospital for one month. 

December 15. — Dined on board the Hellas to-day* 

Distributed four barrels of Indian meal, five of 
beans, and four of bread, with various articles of 
clothing. 

Gave to a poor man, recommended by the Bishop 
of Tallanti, Psylus, and others, two barrels of fish, 
and one of bread. 

Gave to another, on the recommendation of 
Mavrocordato, the same amount of provisions. 

Delivered to Dr. Russ eight boxes of clothing to 
be distributed from the hospital, 

Anarchy in Greece. 

December 16. — Greece at the present time, is to 
all intents and purposes in a state of anarchy. At 
Hydra there is a civil war ; at Napoli di Romania 
the soldiers plunder without restraints At this 
place (Poros) there is no personal security ; and 
it is my opinion, that if it had not been for the ser~ 
vices rendered us in the beginning by Captain Pat- 
terson, of the United States ship Constitution, and 
the good use we have made of it since, we should 
have been robbed long ago. 

Distributed half a tierce of rice, three barrels of 
Indian meal, two of beans, and four of bread, to 
the poor who had lately come in from different 
places, together with sundry articles of clothing. 
02 



158' -CONDITION OF GREECE 



Send provisions to the island of Calamos* 
December 17. — Dr. Gosse called early in the 
morning to inform me, that as he was going to 
Corfu, he would take any quantity of provisions 
which I might wish to send to the suffering refugees 
at the island of C alamos. 

I accordingly delivered to him 130 barrels of 
flour, bread, and beans, and toe k his receipt for the 
same. I then addressed the following letter to the 
English reaident at Calamos, 

To the English resident at Calamos. 

Sir, — Believing that you, in common with your 
countrymen, are willing to aid the cause of philan* 
thropy, I have taken the liberty to send to your 
care, by Dr. Gosse, 130 barrels of flour, bread* 
and beans, which I wish to be distributed to the 
old men, women, and children, who have taken re* 
fuge in Calamos from the shores of Greece. These 
provisions are a portion of those sent out from the 
United States by the philanthropic Committees, for 
the objects above mentioned. The Committees 
will be under great obligations to you for distri- 
buting them. 

With due respect, I have the honour to be, 
Sir, your humble servant, 
J. P. MILLER, Agent, «frc. 

PoT0s t December IT, 1827. 

After this, distributed to the poor four barrels of 
bread, three of beans* and two of flour ; also seve- 
ral articles of clothing to persons almost naked.-- 
Gave a shawl to an Athenian female,. who had beeit 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 159 

formerly wealthy, but was now reduced to abject 
poverty. 

Paid three dollars for boatage, porterage, &c. 

December 18. — Distributed to the poor half a 
dcrce of rice, and two barrels of beans ; and to a 
number of women sundry articles of clothing. 

A woman who had been apparently -well dressed,, 
came to my door and asked for bread. Her coun- 
tenance indicated inanition. She declared she had 
eaten nothing for two da)s. On my giving hei 
some bread, she almost fainted with joy, and fell t© 
devouring it with great greediness. I afterwards 
gave her a barrel of bread and some rice. 

December 19. — -Gave to six poor wretches who 
escaped from the Turks at. Patras, two barrels of 
bread, two of beans, and two of Indian meal, to- 
gether with six suits of clothes. 

The number of poor daily increases, coming in 
from all parts of the country and islands. It is a 
heart-rending reflection, that the means of supply- 
ing their wants will soon be exhausted, and then a 
miserable death by starvation must be their portion.. 
Hundreds, perhaps thousands, will die in this way 
before the winter is over. 

December 20. — Distributed to the poor four bar- 
rels of Indian meal, two of flour, and one of bean^ 
together with sundry articles of clothing. 

My servant, who was with me when I was in 
Greece before, and who has ever acted the part of 
an honest fellow, informed me to-day that he at- 
tended to marry before I left the country, that I 
might become, as the Greeks call it, his kombaros 
Uoppapos) or sponsor. 

He has fixed his affections on a girl of eighteen 
irom Athens, whose name is Athena^ and who is as 



260 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

beautiful as the rose when in its full bloom. Next 
Sunday week is appointed for the time of celebra- 
ting their nuptial*. 

Ji brave American negro. 

December 21. — Took James Williams, a black 
man from Baltimore, into my house, he having 
been some time in the hospital. Williams came to 
Greece with Lord Cochrane, was cook of the Sau* 
vieur, and conducted himself with great coolness 
and intrepidity in several engagements, particularly 
at the battle in the Gulf of Lepanto, where he 
showed truly that he had been in the school of Deca- 
tur ; for when no Greek could be found to take the 
helm, Williams volunteered his services, and was 
there struck down by a splinter, which broke his leg 
and arm. He had before contended with the Turks^ 
for he had lost a finger before Algiers in the United 
States service, under Decatur. 

Being destitute of clothing, I provided him with 
a double suit. 

Report says that the English and French ambas- 
sadors have left Constantinople, and arrived at 
Corfu. 

Distributed to the poor three barrels of bread, 
two of rye meal, and one of beans. 

December 21. — Gave two dollars and a barrel of 
bread to four poor fellows who had escaped from 
the Turks, at the battle of Navarino. Gave some 
clothes to a poor man, and three barrels of beans 
to three families, who escaped from Dumbraina. 

December 22. — Clothed four poor girls, and gave 
them a barrel of bread. They had been set free 
at Gastouni by the Turks, with whom they had 
been in slavery. The Turkish troops in the Morea 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 161 

are beginning to be short of provisions. The more 
humane of them consequently let female prisoners 
off without killing them, while the more hard- 
hearted end their disgrace and misery at once, by 
taking their lives. 

Certain information arrived to-day of the arrival 
of the Russian Embassador at Syra. 

Dec 23. — The young man who is with me, and 
whom I sent to Egina, returned to-day, and brought 
with him 167 dollars, due by Karalo Miliany, a 
debt which he had contracted with Dr. Howe, 
previous to our deciding to establish a hospital at 
Poros. This amount was short of the whole sum 
by 150 piastres, which Dr. Howe had ordered him 
to pay to Nicholi Inopolo, as his due. 

The Government in disorder. 

The Government, or rather the shadow of one ? 
!s said to be one great seat of disorder and confusion. 
One of the members, in open assembly, is said to 
have beaten another with the stick of his pipe. 

I received a letter from the widow of the late 
Dr. Vitalis, who represents her need of charity in 
pressing terms. I, therefore, sent her a barrel oi 
flour, and one of Indian meal. 

Distributed two barrels of Indian meal. 

Dec. 29 — Found a mistake in my Journal of 
three days, but as almanacks are not known in 
Greece, and 1 am by no means a proficient in the 
calendar of Greek Saints, it cannot be so much 
wondered at. 

Sold to the astronomos at Poros fifty barrels of 
flour, at four dollars and a half per barrel, (equal 
to $225.) This will enable me to settle my ac« 



162 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

counts, and have one hundred dollars for my pas- 
sage to the United States. 

II Dr. Guss had been able to have paid us for 
the salt provisions, there would have been no need 
of this sale, as our account against the Commission 
is upwards of eighteen hundred dollars ; but though 
we have no doubts about the certainty of the pay- 
ment, yet if I should wait for it, I might possibly 
have to spend the winter in Greece. I have, there- 
fore, left the power to receive and settle the account 
with Dr. Russ. 

Prisoners released. 

Dec. 31, 1827. — An Austrian armed brig arrived 
at Poros, this morning, from Modon, with Greek 
prisoners, set at liberty by the Turks. The poor 
wretches are in a most deplorable state for clothes 
and all the necessaries of life. 

Gave to them fifteen barrels of meal, flour, and 
bread, together with a few articles of clothing. 

1 applied to the Austrian Commander to give me 
a passage to Smyrna. He expressed the very great 
pleasure he should have in so doing ; but said he 
must stop at Syra. As this would by no means in- 
commode me, I rather wished it. After complU 
ments were over, however, it appered that he by 
no means wished to take me, as his words were as 
evasive and Levantine as are to be found in any 
part of the Mediterranean. His language was, as 
the French say, 

Lever d'un compliment. 
As light as a compliment. 

Distributed sundry articles of clothing to the poor. 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 165 

Gave to an aged priest, who brought me letters 
from the Government, two barrels of herrings and 
one of flour. 

Gave five dollars to two Suliote women who had 
lost their husbands at the Philari, and who were 
destitute of a place to lodge. 

Paid Nicholaki, my clerk, 25 dollars for his ser- 
vices. 

Paid for the rent of my house since October, 
400 piastres- 

January 1, 1828. 

A Hydraote sailor was killed last night on board 
the steam-vessel Perseverance by the commander. 
Major Hesketh, in consequence of a transaction 
disgraceful to the latter. The poor man has left a 
wife and four children to suffer and lament his loss. 

Distributed three barrels of bread, four of beans, 
two of flour, one of meat, and one tierce of rice. 

Paid 150 piastres to the man who was sent to 
Napoli di Romania, in September last, with letters^ 
in order to prevent the cargoes arriving there, from 
falliog into the hands of Grivas and the other chiefs. 

Prepare to leave Greece. 
Jan. 2, 1828.< — Distributed four barrels of flour* 
three of beans, and two of Indian meal. Gave out 
all the remaining clothing which I had, and removed 
to the hospital. Here it was determined to put 
the remaining provisions at the disposal of Dr. 
Russ, and make arrangements to leave the country, 
as by my last letters from the New-York Greek 
Committee, no further supplies from the United 
States are expected. Dr. Russ, however, will re* 
main in Greece for some time, taking care of the 



164 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

/ 

sick, and doing as much good as the scanty means 
at his disposal will permit, in hopes, however, that 
information of the distresses of this country, and the 
sufferings of a brave and heroic people, conveyed 
to America, by Dr. Howe and other Philhellenes 
who have returned, will induce our countrymen to 
renewed exertions, as their donations have already 
saved thousands of women and children from naked* 
ness and famine* 

The money due by Dr. Gosse, if paid to Dr. Russ, 
will enable him to keep up the hospital establish- 
ment until next summer, when, if no further assist- 
ance should arrive from America, he must leave 
the country, and abandon a cause which is near to 
the hearts of those who have seen and witnessed 
the fortitude with which this people have borne 
an intensity of suffering ; bravely contending for 
seven years against the whole power of the Turks 
with a determination never again to submit to their 
authority. 

Jan. 4. — Paid to Dr. Russ, for money expended 

by him in the distribution of clothing, provisions, 

&c. Piastres 627 

Paid my old faithful servant, Panota, 684 

Paid to a soldier employed by Dr* Howe, 50 

1361 

Jan. 5.-— The brig returned from Maina, the dis- 
tribution being finished at that place. Mr. Post 
and Jarvis are to return by land through the Morea 
to Poros. 

Paid to the Captain eighteen and a half doubloon? 
for freight and demurage, 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 165 

Delivered to Dr. Russ, for the use of the hospi- 
tal, and distribution after my departure, the follow* 
mg provisions, viz. : 

Meal, flour, and bread, - - 400 bbls. 

Pease, 30 — » 

Salt provisions, - 50 — . 

Rice, 17 — 

Go to Egina to look for a Passage Home. 

Jan. 6. — Hearing that there were several meu 
of war at Egina, I went thither in order torfnd a 
passage to Vlilo, Smyrna, or Malta, as it is by no 
means safe to pass to either of those places unless 
in an armed vessel, on account of the pirates. Ar- 
rived at Egina in the evening, and slept on board 
the steamboat. 

About ten in the evening, his Britannic Majes- 
ty's ship the Cambrian arrived from Smyrna. Con- 
sidering the mam favours I have received from the 
officers of this ship, one may well judge of the 
pleasure I felt at her arrival, and the prospect of 
seeing my old friends among her officers. 

The Rev. Mr. Wolfe y the Jew Missionary. 

Jan. 7. — Early in the morning 1 went on board 
the Cambrian, where I was well received by the 
officers, and a passage offered me on her sailing to 
Milo. 

I met on board the celebrated Mr. Wolfe, the 
Jew Missionary. He appears to be the same 
devoted person, notwithstanding his marriage tc 
Lady Georgiana Walpole, as when I saw him in 
Asia Minor last year. I took Dr. Corck and Mr, 
Wolfe on shore in my boat, and showed them the 
house of the Rev, Mr. Beartley, It is worthy of 
P 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 

remark, that notwithstanding the numerous travels 
and voyages of Mr. Wolfe, he is so timid and ner« 
vous in a boat, as to give serious annoyanee to all 
who take passage with him. 

Distributed a box of clothing which I brought 
with me from P >ros, to the widows and children 
recommended to me by Psylus, and the Bishop of 
Tallanti. 

Gave to a poor old woman two dollars, and to 
another one. 

Proposed to return to Poros at night, but could 
find no conveyance. 

Jan. 8. — It blew so hard all day from the North- 
west that no boats left Egina. 

Gave two dollars to a blind man. 

Jan. 9. — Left Egina in the morning, but did not 
arrive at Poros until the next morning. 

Paid expenses, amounting to six dollars. 

Provisions returned from Calamos. 

Jan. 10. — Called upon Dr. Gosse, who has just 
returned from Corfu, but has not been able to ob* 
tain money for the Commission ; consequently the 
amount due us is not forth-coming. 

The English resident at the Island of Calamos 
refused to permit the landing the 130 barrels which 
I sent to Calamos ; wherefore Dr, Gosse brought 
them back again to Poros, although the Greeks 
from the continent who have taken refuge in that 
Island are daily dying with hunger. 

Distributed six bairels of meal and flour, and 
two of salt provisions. 

Jan. 11. — Distributed four barrels of beans, two 
of Indian meal, three of flour, and sixty okas office. 
•Delivered to Dr. Kuss 710 barrels of meaj 3 
biead, and salt provisions.^ 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 167 

-"Ready to depart for the United States. 

I am now read), and hourly waiting the arrival 
of the Cambrian to take my departure from Greece, 
after a residence of more than eight months in Po- 
ros, employed in the perplexing business of at« 
tempting to do justice to thousands of helpless 
destitute beings, in defiance of the plans and ma- 
chinations of the chiefs and others. How far I 
have executed wirfi justice the confidence reposed 
in me by the Committees in the United States, I 
shall not pretend to say, but leave it to those who 
have been witnesses of my conduct to determine 
and report. 

I shall only remark that the campaigns which I 
made when first in Greece, although attended with 
trials and privations, ware nothing in comparison 
with the trouble, anxiet), and perplexity with which 
I have spent the last eight momhs. 

Jan. 12. — Distributed to the poor three barrels 
of flour and two of Indian meal. 

Jin unprincipled Greek. 

Capt. Nichou G< ka, of Pbros, formerly a repre* 
sentative of the General Government oi Greece, 
called upon Dr. Russ and raysetf in the month of 
October last, and wished to get a tew articles of 
clothing and cloth for his family's use, as he said he 
could not find them at Por os. We informed fiim 
that those articles were for distribution, and that we 
could not dispose of them otherwise than to the 
poor. He replied that he would pay for them 
more than the poor would get if they should sell the 
articles after being given to them. 

We thereupon sold him goods to the amount of 
ten dollars, Not sending the money, I waited 



166 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

until this time, when I was on the point of departure* 
and sent my servant to ask for the money. But 
judge of my surprise, at his not only refusing to 
pay the money, but also threatening to beat my 
servant if he presumed again to ask him ! 

I called upon him immediately, accused him of 
his villany, and assured him it was not me, but his 
poor countrymen whom he had robbed. It was 
all to no purpose ; he still refused to pay. This is 
a fair specimen of some of tne primates of Greece. 

This is not the noble and honourable John Geka, 
who lent me one hundred dollars when I was in 
want, as I have before mentioned in another part 
of my Journal. 

Jan. 13. — Gave five barrels of flour and one of 
fish to eight poor families, the individuals of which 
I have supported for the tas> six months. 

Heard that a Turkish force of fourteen sail, in« 
eluding the transports, was fitting out against Scio 3 
and it they should be allowed to land, ail the hopes 
of the Greeks remaining in that Island, and the de<* 
sire of others to regain it, would be lost. 

Conclude to embark in the Expedition to Scio. 

Jan. 14. — My countryman, Lieut. Brown, of the 
steam-ship Enterprise, called upon me in the morn- 
ing, with the compliments of Capt. Kirkwood, to 
say that he should sail for Scio this evening, and 
would be happy to give me a passage if I should 
v/ish it. As 1 was only waiting for the arrival of 
the Cambrian, to avail myself of the invitation given 
me by the officers of a passage to Milo, I immedU 
ately decided to offer my services on board the 
Enterprise, as a volunteer, and when the expedi* 



'CONDITION OF GREEGE. 169 

lion should be over, to take a passage to the United 
States. 

I did this from a conviction that I might be of 
service to Capt. Kirkwood, as he understood but 
little or nothing of the Greek language ; and to 
show to the world that, although 1 think but slight* 
!y of the modern Greek character, still I consider 
the people and their cause worthy of exposing my 
life in order to assist them, for I believe that there 
are many good men, and redeeming spirits among 
them, who have contended, and who will continue 
to contend, until the country is severed from the 
Ottoman Empire. 

After getting a few articles of small stores for my 
voyage, I found I had but five doubloons left. With 
this sum I and my little orphan boy Ankrion must 
find our way to the United States, if war and winds 
and health prove favourable. 

Sent my baggage on board, took an affectionate 
leave of Dr. Russ, for whom I have the highest re- 
gard and esteem. I also took leave cf the widows^ 
orphans, and poor, who wept at my departure. 

Decline a passage in the Cambrian. 

When I learnt that the Cambrian had arrived 
from Egina, common politeness required that I 
should call upon the officers, and explain the rea- 
sons of my declining a passage with them : but 
gratitude, heart-felt gratitude for past and present 
kindnesses, led me to do it. I was politely received 
on board the Cambrian, but my intended expedi* 
tion was called a mad scheme. My word, how- 
ever, was given, and could not be recalled, even ii 
I had wished it. 

Went on board the Enterprise, where i iliuA Br < 
P2 



170 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

Russ. We spent the evening pleasantty, in com- 
pany with Capt Kirkwood, and our countryman, 
George Brown, his first Lieutenant. At 8 o'clock 
Dr. Russ and I again parted, and he went on shore* 

Disappointed in our voyage to Scio. 
Our steam was getting up, and orders were given 
for heaving short the anchor, when, to our very 
great mortification, about eleven o'clock one of our 
toilers burst. All hopes of our being able to get 
to sea for the next forty-eight hours were now at an 
end ; but as I had taken leave of all my friends in 
Poros, I did not intend to return thither again until 
such time as the steam vessel should be repaired., 
and again in order for sea. 

Opinions about the Hellas. 
In reference to the steam-vessels built in Eng- 
land, and the f? igate Hellas, built in the U. States, 
I have often heard foreign officers observe, that, 
u If the Americans have cheated the Greeks in 
building tfo frigates, the latter have something to 
shoiv that the whole was not an imposition, for a 
finer fngaie than the Hellas is not to be fund; but 
CIS for the steam boats, they are good for nothing "* 

* The Hellas was built in the city of New- York, and called the 
Hope, until her arrival in the waters of Greece. She was a beautiful 
tnodel of a frigate, and mounted 64 guns. Another one of the same 
Size and model was also built for the Greeks, with the appropriations 
sent to this country for the purpose ; but in the difficulties which oc- 
curred, she was sacrificed to complete the outfit of the other, and the 
Greeks were defrauded of several hundred thousand dollars. The 
^people ot that country have no reason to think well of American 
merchants, and we may consider ourselves fortunate if all the donations 
sent from the United States have removed the stain, or compensated 
for the loss of character which the whole country sustained by the 
baseoess of that transaction. Let those who say the Greeks are 
worse than the Turks, beware, lest it be said that the Americans ar£ 
W>m than the Greeks.— Ed* 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 171 

Take another Orphan Boy. 

I had taken with me on board the Enterprise an 
orphan boy, of five years of age, wh >se father was 
killed two years since in Livadia, and whose mother 
died last summer at Napoli di Romania. He has 
a brother who is ten years of age. Their aunt, who 
is their nearest relative living, brought them to me 
about two months since, saying that she was obliged 
to beg, and, if I did not take the boys, they must 
starve. I consented to let them remain in my 
house until I should start for the United States. — i 
The elder boy, named Anastatius, Dr. Russ deci- 
ded on taking as his own. 1 therefore gave the 
aunt a barrel of flour, and sent the younger boy, 
little Ankrion, back to her ; but the little fellow 
did nothing for two days and slights but cry to re- 
turn ; so I ventured on taking him, trusting that I 
might find a place for him in the United States, and 
so prevent him from starving. 

January 15, 1828. — About noon I received the 
following letter from Dr. Russ. 

My Dear Miller, — You are unwise to go in 
the steamboat. News has arrived that the French 
fl^et have hindered the Turks from passing over to 
Scio, and, if they have done this v you may be as- 
sured that they will also hinder the Greeks from 
meddling with the Turks : so I see no chance of 
your gaining laurels in the field of battle, but I do 
see the probability of your dancing about among 
the islands for ten or twelve days, and finally re- 
turning here cursing your stars for being so unlucky 

Your's, truly, 
J. D. RUSS, 



178 CONDITION OP GREECE, 

P. S. Bundle up your things and come on shore, 
The Cambrian will sail either this evening or to* 
morrow. J. D. R. 

Leave the Steamboat and go on board the Cambrian. 

Convinced of the good sense and propriety of 
Dr. Russ' letter, I packed up my things and went 
on board the Cambrian, where ! was made wel- 
come by the officers. With my five doubloons, I 
hope to be able to reach Gibraltar, if I should be 
fortunate enough soon to find a ship. 

Captain Hamilton is now blockading Poros, on 
account of some piracies which had been committed 
by its inhabitants on Ionian property. 

Visit the Temple of N ptune. 
January 16. — Lord Bra bison, an Irish nobleman ? 
and Mr. Buchanan, who belonged to the British 
embassy at Constantinople, invited me (as the Cam- 
brian did not sail) to go with them on a visit to the 
Temple of Neptune, on the island of Poros. This 
temple is a complete ruin ; not a single column of 
it is either standing or lying on its site. It was 
situated on the northeast side of the island, com- 
manding a view of Cape Suniurn, the Parthenon at 
Athens, the Temple of Jupiter at Egina, and Co- 
rinth. This spot will ever be interesting on ac- 
count of its being the place where Demosthenes 
died and was buried. Tradition points out the 
spot where his tomb is said to have been, but no 
vestige of it can now be triiced. We returned to 
the ship about twelve o'clock, and dined on board 
with Captain Hamilton. Three other gentlemen 
(Messrs. Elliot, Vevadore, and Willey,) were also 
present. 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 173 

The conversation was principally upon the strug- 
gle between the Turks and Greeks, and the turn 
which it would give to the affairs of Europe, 

As Captain Hamilton had taken the day before 
a number of boats from the harbour, on the Poriotes 
refusing to pay for sundry piracies which they had 
committed on British property, he was detained 
another day to settle the affair. 

January 17. — The Poriotes being convinced of 
Captain Hamilton's intention of firing upon the 
town unless they complied with his terms, paid 
down the money demanded in compensation for 
their piracies. 

Count Capo & Istrias. 

The Cambrian saiied in the morning for Cerigo f 
after receiving indemnity from the Poriotes. 

When off Napoli di Malvasia, we fell in with His 
Britannic Majesty's ship the Warspite, which had 
on board Count Capo D Ismas, the President of 
Greece, now on his way to take upon himseli the 
duties of the chie I Magistrate of a people who have 
called him to that station. 

Mr. Smart, th^ first Lieutenant, who boarded 
the Warspite, informed me that the Count had 
brought with him no troops, and only $60*G0u in 
money. If this indeed is all the resources he has 
to depend upon, I greatly leap the result of his at- 
tempt to establish order in Greece. 

January 18. — It commenced blowing a heavy 
gale from the northeast, and it increased to such a 
degree, that the Cambrian had some of her topmast 
rigging carried away, and was obliged to anchor in 
a small harbour around to the west of Cape St, 
Angela. 



174 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

January 21.— The storm abating, the frigate got 
under way, having been detained three days on ac- 
count of its violence. 

January 22. — Made the harbour of Cerigo, 
where a vessel of war was found in waiting to take 
Mr Buchanan to Corfu. 

January 24.— -Made the island of Milo yesterday 
afteruoon, but did not enter the harbour until this 
morning. As his Majesty's frigate the Isis, Sir 
Thomas Staines, who was to command the expedi- 
tion to Carabousa, had gone to Egina, Captain 
Hamilton decided on returning thither immediately* 

Leave the Cambrian and go on shore at Milo. 

Took leave ol Captain Hamilton, who on parting 
remarked, that as i was going to America, it was 
not likely we should ever meet again I thanked 
him for the many favours he had shown me, and re- 
plied, that if we should not meet in this world again, 
I trusted we might in a better <*ae, where wars and 
revolutions would b« no more Took an affection- 
ate leave of the other officers of the Cambrian, and 
went on shore with Peter Mitchel, the English con- 
sul at Milo. 

The consul inform d me that the U. S. ship 
Warren, Captain Kearnej, ha d left Milo the morn- 
ing before for- Smyrna, and that there was no vessel 
in the harbour for Malta. I therefore took up my 
lodgings at his house until such time as I could find 
a passage for Smyrna, Malta, or some of the Ionian 
islands, where I might perform my quarantine. 

Again meet the Rev Mr Wolfe. 

January 25, 1828. — Setjoff this morning to walk 
to the port of Milo three miles from the town*~~~ 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 175 

When about half way, I met a man bundled up in 
a grigo, with a Greek cap upon his head, whom I 
recognised to be the Rev. Joseph Wolfe, whom I 
had left, not many days before, at Egina, He in- 
formed me, that he had just arrived from Syra, in 
a martigo, on his wav to Cephalonia, but that he 
rather wished to go to Malia. 1 told him I was on 
my way to the harbour to ascertain if any vessel 
had arrived bound to Smyrna, Malta, or the Ionian 
islands, of which I would inform him on my return. 
Finding none but the martigo, I returned to the 
town, and met Mr. Wolfe at the consul's. The 
storm which began last night continued with in- 
creased violence. 

Conclude to go to Cephalonia in the vessel with Urn 
Rev. Mr. Wolfe. 

January 26. — No less than fifteen vessels had 
arrived at Miio during the last twenty four hours 
®n account of the storm, but none of them for ports 
to which I wished to go. I therefore concluded 
upon taking passage in the martigo with Mr. Wolfe 
for Cephalonia, in case no better opportunity should 
present itself before the storm abated. 

At the request of the British Consul, I called 
upon one of the refugees from Coron. She was 
a poor woman, who had been confined to her bed 
for the last year by disease in her feet, and she was 
in a most deplorable condition. 

Gave her two dollars, and Mr. Wolfe the same 
amount. 

Military Sid for Greece. 
Jan. 27, — A Russian frigate, with about two 
hundred soldiers 9 arrived here last night, having put 



176 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

into Milo on account of the storm. They are 
bound to Napoli di Romania, to be put at the dis» 
posal of Capo D'Istrias. 

The British Consul at Milo with his family is 
much cast down, in consequence of the death of 
his only son, who was pilot on board of H, M. ship 
the Asia, at the memorable battle of Navarino, and 
who was treacherously killed by some of the crew 
of Moharem Bay's ship, while in a boat interpreting 
to the said Bay the orders of the British Admiral. 

With the increase of our commerce in the Le- 
vant, Milo will be a desirable place to station an 
American Consul, as most of our ships have to 
touch here for pilots, or on account of bad weather. 

Leave Milo. 

Jan. 28. — As no otb-r opportunity presented it- 
self, 1 agreed with the Captain of the Martigo to 
take me to Cephalonia for sixteen dollars, and find 
my own provisions. My expenses at Milo, and for 
stores purchased for my voyage amounted to ten 
dollars. 

At three o'clock in the afternoon we got under 
way, and began beating out of the harbour against 
a head wind. 

Jan. 29. — As the wind died away, and it remain- 
ed a calm during the most part of the night, wc 
made but little progress, and the morning found us 
in the neighbourhood of the haunts of the pirates, 
but we fortunately saw none of them. At ten in 
the evening we had a severe gale from the north- 
east, which lasted until eight the next morning, 
when we found ourselves off Cape Matapan. 

Jan. 30. — We had a calm all this day, with the 
tantalizing expectation of the pirates coming oft 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 1-W 

from Maina every moment to plunder us. How- 
ever, night came on, and no pirates appeared. 

Chased by a Pirate. 

Jan. 31. — The wind rising from the north-west, 
we were obliged to beat up the gulf of Coron, 
About two o'clock in the afternoon, as we were 
standing in towards the shore of Maina, we saw the 
brig (formerly the schooner) of Petroni Bay, which 
robbed the American vessel off Napoli di Malvasia 
last season, standing for us. As she was endea- 
vouring to get to windward by working under the 
land, I advised the Captain, who was half fright- 
ened to death, to put the Martigo off before the 
wind, and crowd all sail possible upon her, as I 
knew the pirates were not accustomed to go far 
from the shore, on account of the Turkish vessels 
at Modon. The Captain complied with my advice, 
and as soon as the pirate observed our manoeuvre, 
he put about in chase. 

We soon found that the piratical vessel was the best 
sailer and gained upon us. Horror seemed to seize 
upon the Captain and crew, and they appeared in- 
clined to heave-to, in order to pacify the pirates the 
more, saying that if they should take us in our flight, 
they would murder us all, but by yielding peace- 
ably, they would spare our lives, and treat us better. 
I objected to this proposition, and declared to the 
Captain that if he did heave-to, I would accuse him 
of being privy to the piracy. This argument had 
its desired effect. We kept on our course for 
about three hours, running before the wind directly 
Gut to sea, when we had the satisfaction of seeing 
fh,e pirate tack, and stand in for the land* 
Q 



178 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

Obliged to run into Navarino. 

Feb. 1, 1828. — It came on to blow so hard t&* 
day, that to prevent foundering at sea, we were 
obliged to run into other danger by making the har» 
bour of Navarino, and trusting ourselves into the 
hands of the Turks. We entered the harbour and 
came to anchor about two o'clock in the afternoon. 

By this proceeding, I was well aware of the great 
risk in relation to myself, as I had my Journal and 
papers respecting my agency to Greece with me, 
as well as my little boy dressed after the fashion of 
his country. But as I saw the Martigo was in dan- 
ger of foundering at sea, I felt unwilling to hazard 
the lives of others, and therefore made no objection 
to the general wish to make a harbour, though I 
thought it doubtful whether I should ever leave the 
place with my head on my shoulders. 

On entering the harbour, we saw the wrecks of 
the Turkish fleet which was destroyed by the allied 
fleets, still floating around the harbour, together 
with many half-consumed carcasses of men which 
were scattered along shore. After we had an- 
chored, a Turkish boat came along-side, and in- 
quired where we were from, asked the news, but 
did not board us. They informed us that Sir Fre* 
derick Adam, Lord High Commissioner of the 
Ionian Islands, had been there in a ship of war the 
day before, and had gone to Modon, to have an in- 
terview with Ibrahim Pacha. 

Feb. 2. — A party of about three hundred Arabs 
came into Navarino to-day from Tripolitza. Their 
appearance is miserable indeed. Mr. Wolfe was 
desirous of going on shore with the Captain, in 
^rder to distribute some Arabic Bibles, but I per*. 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 179 

suaded him that it was not prudent to do so, as the 
Arabs might fire upon him. The Captain had not 
got half way to the fortress when two Arabs fired 
upon the boat from the shore, and one ball passed 
through the boat in the very place which was allot- 
ted for Mr. Wolfe to sit, provided he had gone. 

Jl Woman and Child offered for Sale. 
Feb. 3. — The storm continuing, we could not 
get to sea. A number of boats, filled with Arabs, 
passed us to-day, but none of them boarded us. 
An Arab sent off word that he had a Greek woman 
with a child of four years of age, both of which he 
offered to sell for twenty-one dollars ; but as we 
had no place to put the poor creatures, we could 
not redeem them. 

Leave the harbour of Jiavarino, and carry away om 
topmast. 

Feb. 4. — The wind having shifted during the 
night, we began at day-light to beat out of the har- 
bour, and found ourselves at eight o'clock in the 
morning again at sea, thankful for having safely 
escaped from a place where we could not feel our- 
selves otherwise than unpleasantly situated. 

The wind blew a strong breeze from the south- 
west ; and as we got to sea, it increased to a gale, 
We had passed the small island which lies between 
Navarino and Arcadia, when a sudden squall carried 
away our topmast, with top and top-gallant sails, 
both of which were set at the time. We were 
nearly capsized by the violence and suddenness of 
the squall. 

Being on deck with my little boy, a splinter from 
the mast sufficiently large to have killed him, fell 



180 CONDITION OF GREECE* 

within six inches of his head. I hastily put the boy 
below, seized a hatchet, and cut the topmast stays 
on the larboard side, which let the spars and sails 
fall into the water. At this moment Mr. Wolfe 
came on deck, but as I feared that he might in- 
crease the confusion into which the Captain and 
crew were already thrown, I assumed a tone of 
authority, and ordered him below. 

After two hours labour, we succeeded in getting 
things in order, and having rigged something like a 
topmast, pursued our voyage, grateful for our de- 
livery from danger so imminent. 

Jlrrive at Cephalonia. 

Feb. 5.— We had a fair wind all last night, and 
this morning made the Island of Zante, and imme- 
diately alter the Island of Cephalonia. We did not 
however reach the port of the latter island until 
eight o'clock this evening. 

Feb. 6. — Owing to the strong wind which con- 
tinued to prevail, we were obliged to anchor in the 
road-stead at the mouth of the harbour last night, 
and we have not been able to alier our position 
during the day ; and indeed such has been its vio- 
lence, that not a boat has appeared in sight. 

Feb. 7. — The wind abating a little to-day, Mr. 
Wolfe sent on shore a letter of recommendation 
which he had to the British resident, Col. Napier. 
The boat brought back a polite note from Col. N. 
informing us that our quarantine would be twenty- 
five days, that the Lazaretto was a very miserable 
place, and that he was tearful we should repent our 
resolution of getting pratique from this island, but 
at the same time offering us the best accommoda* 
iion in his power. 



CONDITION OP GREECE* 181 

Perform quarantine at the Lazaretto. 
February 8. — Got under way, and entered the 
harbour at an early hour this morning, and, after 
being examined by the police physician, we were 
shown by Dr. Muir, Superintendent of the Health 
Office, to our quarters in the Lazaretto. On en- 
tering them, I could but think of the lines of Milton 

Hail, horrors, hail ! and than 
Profoundest hell, receive 
Thy new possessor., 

Our quarters consisted of a room about twenty 
feet square, and nearly the same in height, without 
floor, furniture, or fire-place. 

As we had eaten nothing of any consequence for 
the last twenty-four hours, our first business was 
to get some food, and we were soon presented with 
half a dozen of wine and a bottle of brandy, from 
Dr. Muir. Col. Napier sent us a file of Galignani's 
Messenger, in one of which, the number for 1st 
January, 1828, I had the pleasure of seeing the 
message of the President of the United States to 
both Houses of Congress, delivered in the preceding 
November. 

Mr. Wolfe on the coming of the Messiah. 

Sunday, February 10, 1828.— Mr. Wolfe read 
to me one of his discourses on the second coming 
of the Messiah. His ideas are to me novel, and 
though I must rank myself among the number of 
unbelievers in his doctrines, yet there is a degree of 
plausibility in his arguments. They are drawn 
from the prophets and the apocalypse, rather than 
from the other parts of Scripture, by taking those 
Q2 



182 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

passages which are generally believed to relate to 
the church spiritual in their most enlarged and lite- 
ral sense. 

Of his doctrine the following may be considered 
the most prominent articles of belief. First, that 
the Messiah will descend and reign as king of the 
Jews at Jerusalem. Secondly, that the earth will 
not be destroyed, but renewed, together with the 
animal creation. 

The whole of this curious creed may be found 
in a work entitled, " The Coming of the Messiah" 
by Inan Josaphat JBenezza, a converted Jew. 

Establishment of Schools in the island of Cephalonia* 

February 1 1 . — We had a call to-day from Mr* 
Dixon, a fecotch gentleman, who has come to this 
island tor the purpose of establishing schools. Tho 
Government has given him a monastery and its re-? 
venues, for the purpose of enabling him to prose- 
cute his work. The monastery is situated at St, 
Andrea, five miles distant from Argostoli, the prin- 
cipal town in the island. 

News from Greece. 
February 16.-- An Italian, who arrived to-day 
from Dragomesta, reports that General Church is 
there employed in fortifying the place, but has not 
as yet had any engagement with the Turks. Capt, 
Hastings, with the steam vessel Perseverance, was 
at the same place. 

Opinions concerning Gen. Church and Lord 
Cochrane. 
General Sir Richard Church, who arrived m 
Greece about the same time with Lord Cochrane. 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 183 

has, like him, been able to effect nothing for the 
good of the country. Though the General is said 
to possess all the accomplishments of a gentleman, 
and to conduct himself strictly as such, yet his mili- 
tary career in Greece has only served to show how 
little the importance of a high sounding title can 
avail when a man is put upon his own resources, 
without the assistance of a powerful government. 

It is decidedly my opinion, (and I think I am 
not alone in it,) that if Lord Cochrane and Gen, 
Church had never seen Greece, Athens would this 
day have been in the hands of the Greeks, and the 
brave Karaiskaki alive and triumphant in all Attica, 

Information from Scio. 
February 20. — Mr. Castlebone, a Hanoverian 
officer, arrived to-day from Syra. He lett Scio on 
the 30th January, having lost his friend, Lieutenant 
Lutzens, who was killed in a sortie made by the 
Turks from the castle upon the corps of Col. Fab- 
vier. The Greeks succeeded in driving back the 
Turks, of whom between six and seven hundred 
were killed. The loss of the Greeks was not 
great, but the death of poor Lutzensis seriously to 
be lamented. He was a young man of good abili* 
ties, and humble piety, and adds one more to the 
already large list of German Philhellenists who have 
laid their bones in Greece. 

CoL C. Napier* 
February 21. — Col. Napier called upon us to* 
day. He appears to be a man of good sense and 
much discernment He is forty-six years of age ? 
of a slender form, and about five feet eight inches 
in height. He has been a number of times severely 



184 CONDITION OF GREECE. 

wounded, having been left for dead, and returned 
as such on the memorable field of Corunna in 
Spain. He has, within the last year, married a 
lady of wealth in England, When Mr. Wolfe 
spoke to him on the second coming of the Messiah, 
he appeared much delighted with his ideas, until 
Mr. Wolfe stated the very great privileges which 
the Jews would possess over the Gentiles, when the 
Messiah should be seated upon his throne at Jeru- 
salem. On hearing this, the Colonel hastily took 
leave, which led me to think he was unfavoura- 
bly impressed with this part of the discourse. 

•Mr. Wolfe addresses the Jews. 
Saturday, February 23. — The Jews assembled 
to-day, it being their Sabbath, before our Lazaretto 
to the number of ten or twelve. Mr. Wolfe ad- 
dressed them in Hebrew and Italian, in reference 
to the second coming of the Messiah, and the fu- 
ture glory of Jerusalem. They by no means seemed 
displeased at his discourse, asked him to call upon 
them when we got pratique, and promised to as- 
semble on the next Saturday to hear him again. 

Birth-day. 
Sunday, February 24. — This day completes the 
thirtieth year of my life. It is not with self-corn- 
placency that I look back upon the chequered life 
that I have led thus far, but I trust it is with humble 
gratitude to my Author and Preserver, that I now 
reflect upon the various scenes which I have passed 
in safety, and a matter of sincere regret that I have 
done no more for the good of my fellow-men, j 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 185 

•Another address from Mr. Wolfe. 

Saturday, March 1, 1828. — The Jews, to the 
number of thirty, assembled to-day before the door 
of the Lazaretto, to hear another discourse from 
Mr. Wolfe. The Greeks were also, from the no* 
velty of the thing, induced to attend. Several Eng» 
lish officers were also present, making up a con- 
gregation of three or four hundred people. He 
addressed the assembly in Hebrew and Italian. 

Prospect of release from the Lazaretto. 

Having had a visit from the physician of the La- 
zaretto to-day, we are informed, that if the Resident 
gives his consent, we shall be set at liberty to-mor- 
row. We waited with no small anxiety until eight 
o'clock in the evening, when I received the follow- 
ing note from Col. Napier. 

My Dear Sir — I wish you joy of your probable 
evacuation of the Lazaretto. Pray do me the fa- 
vour to dine with me on Monday, at five o'clock.. 
Your humble servant, 

C. NAPIER, 

Saturday evening, March 1, 1828. 

Mr. Wolfe also received a similar note; 

Released from the Lazaretto. 

Sunday, March 2. — We were dismissed from the 
Lazaretto this morning, having performed a qua- 
rantine of twenty-two days. We called upon Col, 
Napier, who received us with kindness, and intro» 
duced us to his lady. He offered me a lodging in 



186 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

his house, as Mr. Wolfe was going to St. Andrea 
to visit Mr. Dixon. 

At dinner, Col. Napier informed me, that he was 
in the United States during the late war, that he 
was ashamed to mention his having been at Craney 
Island in Virginia ; but that he did all in his power 
to prevent the abuses committed there by the Bri- 
tish soldiers. He also slated, that the book entitled 
the Exposition of the late War, was strictly correct. 

March 3. —Read some remarks made on Greece, 
her means of defence, moral character, &c. by Coh 
Napier, in two pamphlets published by him, en- 
titled " War in Greece" 1821, and " Greece in 
1824." 

I cannot but remark how much it is to be re- 
gretted, that a man like Col. Napier should not have 
had sufficient encouragement given him to have 
assumed the chief command in Greece, which has 
heretofore been held either by ignorant Palikars* 
or conceited coxcombs ever since the commence- 
ment of the revolution. 

We settled to-day the expenses of our quaran- 
tine, amounting to one hundred and one dollars, the 
half of which (S50|) I paid. 

British Frigate lost. 

Mr. Wolfe, two English, and two Austrian offi- 
cers, dined here to-day. At table it was reported 
as certain, that the British frigate Cambrian had 
been lost ; but that the officers and crew were all 
saved in the boats of other ships. 

Carabousa, it is said, surrendered without fight- 
ing, the pirates all having made their escape. 

* The Palikars (bravos or heroes) are the capitani of the mountain 
bands of ArmatoJi, which differ but little from the klephtai. See addi« 
tional note on the subject of the klephtai) of which Colocotroni was one 



CONDITION OF GREECE. 187 

Mr. Wolfe, in conversation, enjoined upon all 
ihe frequent reading of the Bible. One of the 
Austrians asked, " What he should do when his king 
forbids him to read the Bible ?" 

I am upon further acquaintance more and more 
pleased with Col. Napier. I think him one of the 
cleverest men I have ever met with. 

Post-office establishment in the Ionian Islands. 

The Post-office establishment in these islands is 
decidedly little short of what we should expect in 
the most despotic governments. I was obliged to 
pay, to-day, two dollars on letters of recommend- 
ation, which I had received from my friends in 
Greece to gentlemen in France and England, 
My letters for the United States, I am also told, 
I must put into the post-office and pay postage on 
them. This I am determined not to do, as they are 
twenty in number, written by Dr. Russ, Messrs. 
Brown, Post, and Jarvis, to their friends in the 
United States. I contend they have nothing to do 
with them, and I shall take them with me to Corfu, 
and run the risk of being put in prison. 

March 4. — Mr. Wolfe gave a short and interest 
ing history of his travels and missions to a number 
of officers, assembled at the house of Col. Napier- 

We are informed that the steam-boat which we 
have been expecting may not arrive, but that a sail-* 
boat will soon depart for Corfu. 

March 6.— I rode out with Col. Napier in a car- 
riage, the first I have been in since I left the United. 
States. We proceeded to the distance of six or 
seven miles, in a circular direction around the island, 
by a very good road. 

The Col. informed me, not as a report, but as a 



188 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

fact, that the English army suffered more in Ame« 
rica, in proportion to the numbers opposed to them, 
than what they had in any other country. 

Leave Cephalonia, and put back in a Storm. 

March 7. — Fearful that the steam-boat would not 
arrive, we took passage in a small boat for Corfu. 

Col. Napier, Mr. Augustus Thompson from New- 
Brunswick in North America, and Captain Caii'ida* 
accompanied us to the shore, where we had a 
friendly parting from men who had treated us with 
every possible attention. Our boat was small and 
crowded with passengers. 

We set sail about noon, and began beating out of 
the harbour of Argostoli, which is one of the finest 
in the world. We had but just effected our object 
when a violent storm arose, and we were obliged 
to put back to Cephalonia. 

Again depart for Corfu. 

March 8. — We took passage in the steam-boat 
which luckily arrived this morning from Zante. 
The fare for myself and boy is 12 dollars besides 
Our provisions, each passenger finding himself. 

Not being allowed to take with me the letters 
which I had from my countrymen in Greece, to 
their friends in America, I had recourse to a Yankee 
expedient rather than part with them, viz. I broke 
them all open and directed them to myself. 

We had a pleasant voyage, stopping the first night 
at St. Maura, and arriving at Corfu the next day at 
two o'elock in the afternoon. I took up my 
lodgings at the house of Mrs. Sutton, an English* 
woman, while Mr. Wolfe put up with the Rev. Mr. 
I^wns of the Dissenting Missionary Society, 



CONDITION OP GREECE. 189. 



Sir Frederick Adam. 

March 11. — I called at the Palace, and paid my 
respects to Sir Frederick Adam, the Lord Higk 
Commissioner of the Ionian Islands. He received 
me politely, invited me to attend a ball in the even- 
ing at the Palace, which I declined doing on ac- 
count of the state of my wardrobe. 

I called upon the brother of Count Capo 
d'Istrias, who received me kindly, and expressed a 
wish to take and educate the little hoy which I had 2 
alleging as a reason, that he was afraid the boy 
would never return to his country, if I should take 
him to America. In reply to his solicitations, I in- 
formed him that I would consider the matter^ and 
let him know soon my determination. 

Island of Corfu. 

March 12. — Corfu is the most beautiful as well 
as the most populous of the Ionian islands, contain* 
ing about 80,000 inhabitants. The weather at this 
season is remarkably fine. The temperature of the 
air is about the same as in the latter part of May in 
the eastern parts of the United States. The trees 
are now putting forth their leaves, and every thing 
wears the smile of spring. 

The Palace built for the Lord High Commis- 
sioner is a fine building, situated on the west side 
of a most beautiful esplanade which it entirely over- 
looks. The Venetians erected immense fortifica- 
tions at Corfu, which would require thirty thousand 
men to garrison them properly. The English are 
now blowing up many of the old fortifications, and 
building new ones on a small island at the entrance 
of the harbour. 

a 



190 CONDITION OP 6KEE6E* 

University of Corfu. 

Visited the university in company with Mr. Black 9 
an English gentleman. The building was formerly 
an old Venetian palace, fitted up and liberally en- 
dowed by the late Lord Guildford. The library is 
large, and the books, it is said, are remarkably well 
selected. The number of students at present is 
about three hundred. As the will of Lord Guilford 
is not yet known, the fate of the university remains 
doubtful. 

Government of the Ionian Islands. 
Although the Ionian Islands have improved more 
under the English government than under that of 
any other power, yet it is very unpopular, owing in 
the first place to that disgusting hauteur so common 
to the English character, and secondly to the un- 
varying practice which they follow wherever they 
have sway, of levying heavy taxes upon the people. 
All the benefit which the Ionians enjoy from their 
Senate and House of Representatives, is to pay 
them for consenting to the wishes of the Lord High 
Commissioner, whose views are seldom or never 
crossed by this scarecrow of a government. 

The Lord High Commissioner has a salary of 
£5000 ($22,222.22) a year, and the President of 
the Senate 6,000 dollars. 

Count Capo D'Istrias 5 brother sent one of his 
boys to see if mine would go to his house, but the 
little fellow threw off his jlocata, (cloak) and began 
to beat the other, calling him a karata,* and telling 
him that he was going to America. 

* A term of reproach. 



GONDITION OP GREECE* 191 

When I came in he wept, and begged me not to 
leave him. I consulted with Mr. Lowns, of the 
Church Missionary Society, upon the subject, and 
he advised ine by all means to take the boy with 
me. 

Embark for Gibraltar. 

March 16.— Agreed with the Captain of an Eng- 
lish packet to take me and my little boy to Gib- 
raltar for \15 dollars, the usual fare being one hun- 
dred and fifty dollars for a single grown person. My 
expenses at Corfu were fourteen dollars. In the 
evening I went on board the packet Marchioness 
of Queensbury, Capt. Hanah, with my little boy 
and baggage. 

Leave Corfu. 
March 17. — -We were under way at day-break, 
but it being calm, we made but little head- way, 
and night still found us in the channel of Corfu. 
Nothing can appear more beautiful than the main 
from the channel. The tops of the highest moun- 
tains are covered with snow, while the valleys are 
teeming with all the freshness of Spring. 

Arrive at Malta, and find a vessel for the U. States. 
March 24. — Owing to contrary winds, we did 
not reach Malta until this day, although the distance 
is but three hundred and fifty miles Mr. Eynaud, 
our vice-consul, called and informed me that the 
American brig Leander, bound for Salem, Mass. 
would sail in three or four days for that place. I 
told him if he could procure me a passage for one 
hundred dollars, together with my boy, I should be 
glad to take a passage in the Leander. The next 



192 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

morning I received the following note from the 
Consul :— . 

" Mr. P. Eynaud presents his respectful com- 
pliments to Mr. J. P. Miller, and begs to inform 
him that he has seen Capt. Smith, of the brig Le- 
ander, who says that he will give Mr. Miller and 
his little boj a passage to the United States for one 
hundred Spanish dollars, and that they may go on 
board as soon as they please. Capt. S. will pro- 
tide them with all necessaries." 

Malta, 25th March, 1828.— The Rev. Mr. Tem- 
ple and Mr. Wilson called upon me in the afternoon. 
Mr. Temple informed me that he should sail soon 
for the United States. At night took my leave of 
the officers and passengers of the British packet^ 
and went on board the Leander. When rounding 
the point in order to enter the quarantine harbour 3 
the sea was very high, and our boat was nearly 
swamped. Went on board the Leander, where I 
was introduced to Capt. Smith and James Silver^ 
the supercargo, who kindly offered to supply me 
with a hundred dollars, (in order that I might not 
be put to the inconvenience of drawing at Malta,) 
and to take my bills on Boston, 

Part with the Rev Mr. Wolfe. 

Wednesday, March 27. — 1 took leave to-day of 
the Rev. Joseph Wolfe, Missionary to Palestine, 
who has been my travelling companion for the last 
three months. Mr. Wolfe is a warm-hearted, ge- 
nerous man ; much devoted to the in-gathering of 
his kindred, according to the flesh, to the fold of 
Jesus, 

Thursday, March 28.— News arrived this morn- 
ing from Constantinople by an Austrian vessel, that 



CONDITION OP GREECE, 193 

the Russian army had commenced crossing the 
Pruth, in order to attack the Turks ; though I most 
heartily wish this news to prove true, yet I do not 
think it from a source to be entitled to implicit con« 
fidence. 

Leave Malta. 

Friday, March 29. — Every thing being in readi« 
ness lor sea, we took in our last passenger from 
Malta, which proved to be a fine Jackass, (with a 
noble pair of ears) purchased by Capt. Smith and 
the supercargo, Mr. Silver. At two o'clock P. M 
we got under way, with the wind to the eastward^ 
and soon lost sight of Malta. 

" Hail social horrors, like my fate severe 5 
Old ocean hail, beneath whose azure zone 
The secret deep lies unexplored, unknown," 

Such is^ the journey of life to one who becomes in a 
manner the child of fortune. 

Jlpril 17. — Passed Gibraltar in the morning, and 
succeeded in getting out to sea about the middle of 
the afternoon. The Leander's crew were all young 
men. Their morals appeared to be good. They 
all kept their reckoning and logs, and were a ship's 
company which reflects great credit upon the owne$ ? 
and master of the brig, 

Jlrrive at Salem. 
May\*l. — The Leander arrived at Salem this 
evening. I shall reverse the lines of the poet, and 

gay- 
Welcome li the land where the clouds love to rest, 
Like the throne of th»- dead on the mountain's cold breast. 
Where to the cataract's roar the eagles reply, 
And like her ione bosom, expands to the sky.*' 

R2 



194 CONDITION OF GREECE, 

Saturday, May 18 — Much pleased to find the 
people of Salem so much alive to relieving th** wants 
of the Greeks, Was introduced to the Hon. Ti- 
mothy Pickering and Gen. Miller. 

May 20. — \rrived at Boston, and found my- late 
companion and friend Dr. Howe alive and well. 

May 26 — Arrived in New-York. 

May 27. — Viet with the Greek Committee at the 
Mayor's office, and ascertained that a new Com- 
mittee had succeeded to the one from which I re- 
ceived my instructions. I find among them, how- 
ever, some of the former Committee, and the same 
philanthropy and zealous exertions in behalf of 
Grecian independence and liberty. 

Mr. Griswold, Chairman of the Committee, 
Stated that the brig Herald was ready to sail with a 
valuable cargo of provisions and clothing, which 
had been ensured for 49,800 dollars, and he pre- 
sented the invoice and bill of lading for the agents 
who are going out in her. 

Learned that Mr. Samuel Woodruff, of Con« 
necticut, and my late companion in Greece, Mr. 
John R. Stuyvesant, were going out as agents for 
the distribution of the cargo They are also to 
be accompanied by the Rev. Jonas King, late Mis- 
sionary to Palestine, who goes to Greece at the re- 
quest of an association of ladies in New- York, to 
establish schools, and otherwise promote the lite- 
rary and moral interests of the people. 

In answer to inquiries of the Committee, I re- 
plied that it would be advisable to supply the agents 
with money to pay their expenses, and not trust to 
selling any part of the cargo for that purpose, as I 
had been obliged to do ? as the state of the country 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 195 

was such as to render it impossible to sell without a 
great sacrifice. 

The Co mnittee accordingly provided the agents 
with 1000 dollars in specie. 

May 28. — Went on board the Herald, which lay 
in the stream, in company with Dr. S Akerly, 
Secretary of the Greek Committee, and the agents, 
While the crew were heaving up the anchor, we 
parted with the gentlemen, wishing them a pros- 
perous voyage, and a safe return. 

June 7, 1828. — Submitted my Journal to the 
Greek Committee, upon which it was referred to a 
sub-committee for examination. 

June 14. — T* e Committee reported resolutions 
of approbation, and recommended the publication 
of the Journal. 

Conclusion . 

I shall now conclude by annexing a summary 
statement of the several cargoes of provisions and 
clothing sent to Greece, in the distribution of which 
I had a principal agency, excepting the brig Ton- 
tine, which, having arrived before me, was delivered 
to the Government. 

The Ship Chancellor from New-York, cargo valued $17,500 00 
Brig Six Brothers do do 

Brig Jane from New-Yurk and Albany, do 
Brig Fontine from Philadelphia, 
Brig Levant from do 

Brig Statesman from Boston, 



Of the five cargoes mainJy at my disposal, the 
principal part has beer* distributed according to in- 
struction, and the best of my judgment ; and in my 
opinion, and that of all who have aided me in the 



do 
do 
do 
do 

do 


16,614 00 
8,800 00 

13,856 40 
8,547 IS 

11,555 50 




76,973 08 



1&6 CONDITION OP GREECE. 

distribution, they have done much good, and re* 
lieved much distress. 

Of the provisions diverted from their intended 
objects the following is a summary, making an 
amount of about one thousand and seventy-one 
barrels of Indian meal and flour, viz. 

Given to General Grivas, commander of the Pallamidi at Napolj, 
to prevent violence . . . . 133 bote, flour. 

Given to Fotomares for the same reason . 143 
Given to Commandant at Bourgi, do. • . 26 

Seized by General Colocotroni ... 55 

Stolen by the soldiers . . . . 11 

These belonged to the cargo of the Chancellor. 

Of the Cargo of the Six Brothers, the authorities 
of Napoli seized 273 hbls. flour and Indian meal to 
prevent the soldiers from plundering the place. 

From the cargo of tht Jane, 600 barrels of flour 
and Indian meal, and 14 boxes dry goods and 
clothing, were landed at Napoli, and delivered by 
the local authorities to the soldiers, except 70 bar- 
rels, which wen given to the poor, (See Mr. 
Post's Report in the Appendix, No. VI. 

Having now, as I hope, delivered an impartial 
and satisfactory account of my agency in a delicate 
and arduous trust, I have only to add my wishes 
for the deliverance of Greece ; for, notwithstanding 
the equivocal character of many of the people of 
that country, there are yet great, good, and learned 
men among them, and 1 should rejoice to see them 
entirely freed from the Turkish yoke. 

The Greek language has been considered and 
taught in our seminaries as a dead language ; but it 
is a remarkable fact, that although the country of 
Greece has been subject to foreign masters, and 
has been overrun and occupied by nations of dif- 
ferent lan^agi j s during the whole of the Christian 
era ; yet the Greeks retain and speak their native 



CONDITION OF GREECE, 19? 

tongue with very little variation from that of the 
classic ages. 

Greece was first subdued by the Romans, whose 
government, religion, and language have ceased* 
Where are the Goths and Vandals who subdued the 
Roman empire, and occupied Greece as a part of 
it ? The Venetians next became masters of her 
classic soil. They were driven thence by the Turks, 
who have held the people of that ill-fated country 
in cruel bondage for the last four centuries. 

The first converts to Christianity were among the 
Greeks, and amidst all their oppressions and 
changes of rulers, they have not lost their religion 
nor their language. The New Testament was first 
written and promulgated to the world in their na- 
tive tongue, and is read and understood by the mo- 
dern Greeks without difficulty. There are some 
ignorant and bad priests among them, but I have 
met good, learned, and pious clergymen in that 
country. 

The people of Greece have shown their deter* 
mination to be freed from Turkish bondage, by 
rising against their oppressors, and they have con- 
tended for seven years against a cruel and vindic- 
tive foe, and at fearful odds. Their bravery and 
devotion to the cause of their country has not been, 
surpassed in ancient or modern times. Many good 
and brave men have fallen in the struggle, and 
many bad men have risen to posts of honour and 
command. There are, however, redeeming spirits 
among the survivors, and a determination among 
the suffering inhabitants never more to submit to 
the Turks, which will cause Greece to be regene- 
rated 5 and to become an independent nation* 



APPENDIX, 



No. I. 

First Report of Dr. Howe of the Distributions in and 
about Napoli di Romania. 

To J. P. Miller. 

Napoli di Romania, June IS, 182?. 

My dear Sir, — I have great pleasure in an- 
nouncing to you, that I have at last finished the dis- 
tribution of that part of the cargo of the ship Chan« 
cellor, committed by you to my charge ; a task dif« 
ficult and vexatious enough in itself, but rendered 
harassing by the avarice of the chiefs, the rapacity 
of the soldiery, and the cunning trickery of the 
people in this place. 

I am sorry to say, that abuses have taken place ; 
that part of the provisions destined for the poor 
have been consumed by the soldiery ; but all this, 
though foreseen, was unavoidable. You remember^ 
even after part of the cargo had been landed, my 
urging the danger, and recommending the re- 
embarkation of it, and conveying it to Meihena, as 
a place of security; but I was overruled; and I 
beg it will be remembered, that a task altogether 
new to me was requested, in a town torn by the 
hostilities of two rival chiefs, who acknowledged no 
law or government but that of the sword, and whose 



200 APPENDIX. 

lawless soldiery were half starving ; — in a town 
where, but twenty days before, the whole cargo of 
a vessel from the French Committee, destined for 
the poor, had been entirely sacrificed to the sol- 
diery ; and where, in another distribution of rice, 
great disturbances had occurred, and lives had been 
lost. 

I have avoided these evils, by voluntarily giving 
over to the soldiery nearly one-third of the property ; 
bur it was in this way only that the rest could have 
been applied in the manner directed by the Com- 
mittee ; and so far from regarding it as a great sa- 
crifice, I am surprised, as well as every one with 
whom I converse, that so little was sacrificed. I 
may safely say, that if any American, unacquainted 
with Greece and Greeks, had attempted this distri- 
bution at Napoli, he would probably have lost his 
own life, would have lost all the property, and 
would have involved the town in a scene of blood 
and desolation, which as yet has not arrived ; but 
which every sensible man sees may arrive at any 
moment upon the action of the slightest exciting 
cause. In my proceedings, I incurred the hatred 
of Colocotroni and his party, because 1 gave to 
others in preference to him ; but I gave to Grivas 
and to Fotomares, because they had the power of 
abusing the poor, and would have done so, if they 
had not gotten a share. Colocotroni dared not 
move a finger in town, and he got nothing but the 
fifty-five barrels which were at the Mills, twelve 
miles distant from here, and which post being under 
his command he took by force. I have incurred 
the ill will of the rich, because I would not allow 
them to partake ; of the pri; sts, because they could 
not put a finger in the pye, and of many of the 



APPENDIX. 201 

poor, because they think they should have gotten 
more. Thus I get more curses than thanks, more 
hatred than good-will ; but you will perhaps better 
understand my proceedings by giving you regular 
extracts from my Journal, viz. 

Journal. 

NapoU, May 29th, 1827. 

In order to ascertain the number of poor and 
distressed families in and about this place, I took 
the following method. I published by a crier that 
the families should write themselves down by tens ; 
each ten families having a distinct list, with the num- 
ber of souls in each, to be certified by a priest or 
some known person, and each list should have one 
person as its representative or agent ; then all the 
agents with their catalogues being assembled at my 
house, I went round with three persons who were 
well known, and examined the families written ; 
and every catalogue which was found correct was 
signed, and the agent was to go to the magazine to 
receive the portion for the ten families, to be di- 
vided among them. I hope in this way to avoid 
the evils which have followed on^ other occasions, 
when women and children have been crushed to 
death in the immense crowd which rushed to get 
their portion. I calculate there are about eight 
thousand people in Napoli, who are in a miserable 
state of want : and what a scene it is to go among 
them! it is enough to move the heart of a savage, 
to see people who, but a year since, were in the 
happy possession of their houses and farms, now 
huddled together in little mud huts, or in the moun- 
tain caves ; and as I pass by writing them down> 
they rush out, ragged and dirty, with hollow sunken 

S 



202 APPENDIX. 

eyes, pale, wan faces, and beg for God's sake not 
to be forgotten. 

May 80. Continued examining the catalogues, 
and giving orders for flour to those families really 
in distress : find the number greater even than I 
calculated, and experience much trouble from the 
tricking disposition of the people, who contrive a 
thousand schemes to get a double portion. The 
soldiers also are turbulent, and swear that if they 
$o not get their part they will plunder the poor. 
Received various messages from Colocotroni and 
the other chiefs, each one of whom tried all possible 
means to wheedle out of me a part of the goods ; 
one on pretence of borrowing, another for starving 
families, a third to supply soldiers who were going 
to stop the enemy ; but I well knew that their only 
object was to sell it, and put the money in their 
own pockets; and I evaded them as well as I 
could. 

May 31. — Commenced this morning the distri- 
bution of flour to the poor ; and as all went on 
quietly for half an hour, I was induced to hope that 
nothing would be done on the part of the chiefs to 
prevent me. I had given out about 10,000 lbs. of 
flour, when came the secretary of Colocotroni, and 
in an insolent tone ordered me to stop distributing. 
« By what authority P said I. "By the authority 
of Colocotroni." " I know nothing of Colocotroni. 
I shall obey none of his orders," replied I ; " never- 
theless if he can assign any sufficient reason for me 
to stop, I will do so-' 5 He went off, and soon re- 
turned, bringing a letter from Colocotroni; in 
which, without assigning any reason, he ordered 
Hie at my peril to give away another ounce of his 
flour ! ! I replied, I should obey no orders but 



APPENDIX. 20S 

those of the Committee ; and continued distri« 
buting, when suddenly the Politarche, a brother of 
Grivas, commander of the Castle, came running 
down the street with about fifty men, armed with 
ataghans and pistols, and driving the poor from 
about the magazines began to shut the windows, 
I sprang out, and demanded by what authority he 
did it He merely replied, he knew his duty, and 
went on driving the people from the magazine. I 
could not resist, but only called on the people to 
witness, that 1 was stopped in the discharge of my 
duty by force of arms. There were about 300 
poor present, but all were still as death, they 
looked upon their armed tyrants and trembled. 
But as soon as the poor, miserable, half-naked 
wretches out of the town heard of it, they began to 
collect by thousands, and were wild with rage ; 
they surrounded my house, and it needed only a 
word from me to make them go and mob Coloco- 
troni. 1 contrived to pacify them and avoid any 
disturbance, and went off to Colocotroni myself. 
I found him at dinner with his family, and demanded 
by what authority the magazine had been shut. He 
replied, " the cargo is destined for me, and not for 
the poor; 15 and produced a letter from the Hon. 
Mr. Everett, in which were these words : " this 
letter will be conveyed to you by a vessel loaded with 
provisions for your heroic countrymen." " But," 
said I, " this letter is from a private citizen, and not 
even from any member of the Committee, and it is 
of no authority, but a mere idle pretence." " I 
care not for the Committee, 5 ' roared the brute, " I 
have authority of my own, and will use it 55 I be* 
gan to grow warm ; when his secretary begged me 
to remember I was talking to a great man. 1 re« 



204 APPENDIX. 

plied, " I care no more for Colocotroni than for 
the poorest Greek ;" and turning to him said, " E 
am a free American, and neither your riches, nor 
your pistols in your belt, nor your wild soldiers 
about you, shall prevent me protesting against your 
proceedings ; it is an outrageous robbery, you 
have seized private property destined for your 
starving fellow countrymen, and your only in* 
tention is to convert it to your own private emolu- 
ment." The old fellow flew into a mighty rage, 
and roared like a bull. " Am I, too, not a freeman, 
and shall not a Hellene compare himself to an 
American V &c. &c. when I came off and left him* 
I went to Count Metaxa, and he in his sly, subtle 
way tried to pacify me, and justify bis master (Co- 
locotroni), endeavouring at the same time to whee- 
dle out of me my plan, and if I meant to take any 
steps to rescue the property ; but I opposed cun- 
ning to cunning, and merely asked him what pos- 
sible steps 1 could take ; mean time I had sent no- 
tice of it to the Constitution, which lay at Spetzia, 
about thirty miles distant. Confusion increasing 
in the town, the chiefs dared not touch the maga- 
zines. But Colocotroni, in order to appease the 
people, stuck up in the public square a translation 
of Mr. Everitt's letter to him, with a note stating 
it was from the president of the United States ! ! ! 
I immediately put up another by the side of it, con- 
tradicting altogether and protesting against his pro- 
ceedings. The soldiers were very disorderly, — 
beat some of the men employed by me, and threat- 
ened me. AH the poor who had received flour were 
robbed of it, and many badly abused ! ! 

June 1 — Continued my protestations against 
the violent proceedings ot the Chiefs^ and contrived 



APPENDIX* 205 

every possible way to gain time until the Constifu* 
tion should arrive, which I knew must be in a few 
hours. Meantime, Colocotroni began to repent of 
the steps he taken, not because he knew they were 
wrong, but because he saw that he should get the 
affair all attributed to him, and gain nothing by it; 
for he is fully aware to-day, that Grivas, commander 
of the Castle (and his enemy) is determined he 
shall have none of the spoil. One of the magazines 
only was open, and the sub-commander of the 
tower sent to me some soldiers for the keys of the 
others. I refused most absolutely to give them, 
and told them, they never should enter but by force, 
which they did by bursting open the doors. They 
then began to count off the barrels, and calculate each 
one his portion* I called on Prince Ipsilanti, and 
asked his advice, and, though a rank Colocotronist, 
he decidedly opposed the measure, and advised me to 
write to the government now at Poros, and continue 
my remonstrances. Went again to the magazines, 
and contrived to delay the soldiery for an hour ; 
when a look-out brought me notice that some sol« 
diers, descending hastily from the fortress, had 
dropped some words about a lrigate being in sight 
I knew it must be the Constitution, and told them 
upon their peril to go. It blew a stiff breeze, and 
she came ploughing up the Gulf; and in half an 
hour came to anchor amid the exultations of the 
poor, and the ill-restrained murmurings of the sol* 
diery. Captain Patterson immediately sent me a 
letter enclosing one to the Chiefs : in which he 
stated to them, that the property they had seized 
upon was American, and would be entitled to 
American protection, until such time as it should 
be delivered by the Agents of the Committee to the 
S3 



20D APPENDIX, 

poor ; and that if they did not immediately deliver 
Into my hands, they would have reason to deplore 
the consequences. This letter, written in an am- 
biguous style, leaves Captain Patterson at liberty to 
pursue whatever course he may think proper, while 
it conveys an idea to the Chiefs, that he is deter- 
mined, at all events, to get back the provisions. 
Carried this letter to Colocotroni, and found him 
asleep, with his pistols under his head ; it was 
thought exceedingly profane when 1 insisted upon 
the servants' breaking the sacred afternoon nap ; 
and after much wrangling they aroused him. I 
translated the letter to him, and he, after consulting 
his followers, signed a paper certifying that he had 
no farther claim upon the property, and would not 
Impede me in the distribution. Carried this answer 
on board the frigate, and Captain P. immediately 
wrote a letter to Grivas, saying, that he should hold 
him, as commander of the place, responsible for 
the property. 

June 2.— No answer from Grivas, though I am 
not the least uneasy about it, for he has a valuable 
brig in the harbour, the property of his wife (Bobo- 
linas's daughter.) He knows it can be taken at 
any moment. He sent down a proposition to the 
inhabitants, saying, "up here in my castle the 
Americans can do me no harm, but they can take 
my brig ; now, if you will enter into a contract to 
pay me 200,000 piastres ($14,000) for my brig, I 
will keep the provisions in spite of them. Many 
deputations from the citizens came to me, praying 
me, for the peace of the place, to give a part of the 
provisions to the garrison : but I told them, I eould 
not treat until after the unconditional surrender of 
the provisions into my hands. Towards evening 
eame Grivas's answer to Captain P., giving up all 



APPENDIX. 20? 

claim 1 ; and it was agreed that the magazines should 
be publicly sealed by an officer of the frigate, and 
power left in my hands to open them when I think 
proper. Captain P., gave me his advice decided- 
ly, to sacrifice a large part of the provisions rather 
than run the risk of any trouble in the town, saying. 
that the donors had rather the whole would be lost 2 
than they should prove the cause of any civil war. 

June 3 — Captain P., after sending an officer 
to seal the magazines, got under way, and left me 
to contend single-handed against the artifice and 
force of the Chiefs. Clambered up to the Castle 
of Pallamedi, and had a conference with Grivas, 
who displayed much of that cunning for which he 
is famed ; but I made him own frankly, that he had 
no right or claim upon the provisions ; and then 
we began to treat, and I agreed, that if he would 
give me his word of honour that he would prevent 
his soldiers from disturbing me in my distributions, 
and from abusing the poor in any way, that I 
would give him 200 barrels of flour, for him to dis- 
tribute to those poor families which he pretended to 
have under his charge. Went afterwards to his 
rival Potomai es, and made a treaty of peace with 
him, he agreeing to restrain his soldiers, also, from 
taking the flour from the poor. He holds the lower 
castle, and is ready at any moment to quarrel with 
Grivas, each one is strengthening himself in every 
way. 

June 4. — Recommenced the distribution, to the 
great joy of the poor, who crowded round the 
magazines in great numbers ; some of them so 
wretchedly poor and desolate, that) God only knows 
how they contrive to live ; moneyless, houseless, 
half-naked, are here wandering about poor women, 
whose husbands have been killed^ and where thev 



108 APPEN©rx. 

see the earth a little whitened by the spilled flour 
they eagerly scrape it up, mixed with dirt, and run 
off to cook it ; not a particle is wasted, and they 
work, perhaps, an hour to gather fifty grains of 
fice. Distributed to-day to two hundred and six 
families, at the rate of about 501bs. per family, 
with ten pounds of rice where they had any sick. 

June 5. — Find there is some trouble brewing 
between Grivas and Fotomares. I have promised 
to the former 200 barrels, on condition of his keep- 
teg peace in the town ; but I find Fotomares as 
able nearly as he, to disturb the distribution, and 
he claims his share. Now Grivas says he will not 
be put upon a par with Fotomares, and that he must 
have more than he, as his rank is higher. Foto- 
mares swears, on the other hand, that he will not 
Be considered lower than Grivas, and that he must 
have the same portion. I manage to lengthen out 
the argument as much as possible, giving to each 
one little by little, so as to keep them always in 
check, and always wishing for more, trying to con- 
ceal from each one how much the other has got. 
They are just ready to clutch at each other's 
throats, and the least accident may provoke them 
to it. God forbid that this property should be the 
cause of it. I know the committee would rather 
see it all lost. 

Getting on rapidly with the distribution, having 
given to five hundred families to-day ; little confu- 
sion ensues, for each one having his ticket num« 
bered, knows his hour. Obliged, however, to 
change the plan, and not give to agents the portion 
for ten families, for I find these agents stole or ex 
torted from the families a considerable part, so that 
now every family comes to take thei* own, 



APPENDIX, 20S 

June 6.— Sent two persons to the mills opposite, 
to make out catalogues of the poor there, of which 
I find there are great numbers. Find there in the 
mountainous parts around, thousands of families 
who have been driven from their homes on the plains, 
and are now living upon grass and snails. Many of 
them assure me, that their families have not tasted 
bread for three months. Receiving petitions from 
all the towns for flour. Gave 100 barrels for the 
relief of the Missilonghiote families who are at the 
island of Kalamos, also two barrels of vice ; sent also 
five barrels of flour to the family of Marco Botzari, 
Greece's bravest and best soldier. I am well as- 
sured that this family, consisting of fifteen persons, 
would have been obliged to beg, if it had not been 
for the support given it by Europeans, who cherish 
the memory of the heroic Botzari. Grivas and Fo- 
tomares still showing their teeth ; in order not to 
quarrel with either, I propose to give them in a pro- 
portion with the number of the rations which each 
takes per day for one gout. 1 find that Grivas gets 
2,200, and Fotomares 1,500, while both together 
have not 1,000 soldiers ! 

June 7. — Getting on rapidly with the poor: 
about 800 families have received their portion, but 
it is inconceivable the number of families who wish 
to get billets ; every one tries to get a share ; those 
who have received, try to cheat me, and receive a 
second time ; while those who do not receive at all, 
find fault, and talk scandal. I have detected many 
attempts at imposition, but doubtless many have 
been too sharp for me, and escaped. My object 
is to discover those families who have the means of 
living, and erase their names, in order to have 
more for the poor. The meanness of some rich 



£10 APPENDIX. 

persons is most abominable ; they try to practise 
some trick upon me, and when detected, show the 
greatest rage and malice against me. Count Me- 
taxa prayed me to lei him have five barrels of the 
fine flour for his family's use, for it could not be 
bought, said he, at any price, and I will send you 
as much flour of the country in place of it for dis- 
tribution : this I willingly granted, but when his 
man came for it, he brought no flour to give in ex- 
change, and on my demanding it, he said it could 
not be found ; I pointed him to a shop opposite, 
where were large heaps for sale. After much 
teasing, and solemnly promising to bring other flour 
in an hour, I let him have one barrel, though E 
considered it as lost, and I was right, for it is now 
three days, and I have not been able to get an 
ounce back, nor had h^ ever the intention of giv- 
ing it. 

June 8.-— Still getting on undisturbed, except by 
Ihe teasing of the Capitani, and various persons un- 
worthy of charity. 

June 9 — Colocotroni left the town by force, be- 
ing stopped at the great gate by the soldiers of 
Grivas, who is suspicious of him. His men drew 
their swords, and got him through. Something is 
certainly brewing ; there is silence and solemnity 
in the town, altogether unaccountable ; every one 
seems apprehensive of some new, unknown calami- 
ty, but avoids speaking of it : each man goes about 
on tiptoe, the soldiers have their arms in their hands 
and look defiance on each other ; it is whispered 
that to-night or to-morrow there will be an explo- 
sion and a general war between the Chiefs, and 
that the inhabitants wi'l fie plundered ; every man 
is in his house, every door is fastened, and he who 



APPENDIX. Sit 

lies him down to sleep, sees his pistols first 
primed and laid under his head. Advised by all 
prudent persons to discontinue the distribution for 
the moment. 

June 10. — At midnight was aroused by the roar 
of cannon from the castle overhead, followed by 
the rattling of musketry, the wild shouts of the sol- 
diery upon the walls, and the heavy tramp of men 
through the streets ; then all was still till daylight ? 
when I learned that Colocotroni, having well ma- 
tured his plan, and got his own person out of dan* 
ger, sent 2000 men to assault the castle above the 
town ; but being on his guard, Grivas let about 50 
men enter by a little gate which was opened by 
treachery, and then he opened upon them such a 
shower of grape and musketry, that but few es- 
caped alive or unwounded. The son of Coloco- 
troni, meantime, favoured by Fotomares, who holds 
the lower castle, entered the town, and is now shut 
np in a large building, with about 150 men, 
Jtstt completely blocked up, and baulked in his 
scheme. No distribution to-day. 

June 11. — Impossible to distribute, on account 
of the perilous situation of things. Grivas is in« 
clined to take advantage of his successes over Co- 
locotroni, and keep his son prisoner in town. Old 
Colocotroni has seized upon the 55 barrels of flour 
which I had in store at the mills, notwithstanding 
his acknowledgment given me in writing that he 
had no claim upon it ; the persons whom I had 
appointed to go there and distribute, were stopped 
in the execution of their duty by force ! 

June 12.— Prospect of some peace in town. The 
President of the Representative body, with several 
of the members arrived. Finding it impossible to 



212 APPENDIX. 

decide what portion of flour I ought to give to the 
rival chiefs, I have meted it out to them little by 
little every day. Now, there remains 1 20 barrels 
to be divided among them, gave all these over into 
the hands of the local civil government, with direc- 
tions to make the divisions as they thought proper* 
and free me from the responsibility. The Presi- 
dent of the Representative body set himself to work 
to persuade me into sacrificing still a greater part 
to the Chiefs ; being a weak, timid man, he wishes 
to pacify them by this means, but it is like trying to 
fill the sea, the more they get, the more rapacious 
they grow. Distributed to a few poor families. 

June 13. — Going on with the distribution in an 
orderly manner. Sent for by the President of the 
representative body and the local Government, and 
in a solemn way exhorted to give up a few more 
barrels to Grivas, as he was much in want. I 
told them, " you are either trying to deceive me, 
or you are very much deceived yourselves. Grivas 
has no want of provisions. I know that all this ra- 
pacity of his, is only to fill his magazines, and pre- 
pare himself for a civil war. I have now nearly 
finished my distribution to the poor, and do not fear 
him. The people have secured their flour by this 
time, and Grivas shall not have another ounce from 
me." I had hardly finished these words, when in 
rushed one of Fotomares' men, breathing ven- 
geance, and upbraiding the Government, for having 
given to Grivas all the 120 barrels which I had left 
in their hands to be divided between the two : 
" thus," said he, " letting Grivas fill the magazines, 
while our soldiers have absolutely not a ration for 
to-day." Came off and left them to settle their 
quarrel. 



APPENDIX. 218 

June 14. — Finished the distribution to as many 
families as have orders, and having a few barrels 
left, gave them to those wretches from the sur- 
rounding mountains, who having heard of the Ame- 
rican flour given gratis to the poor, begin to crowd 
in great numbers. Commenced the distribution of 
the clothes, for which the people were much more 
eager than for the flour. There crowded around 
the magazines hundreds and hundreds of wretches* 
with rags too scanty to cover their nakedness : 
many with only an old blanket wrapped around 
them, which they had worn for months, in place of 
shirt, pantaloons, and great coat, until it had be- 
come ragged and filled with vermin. Commenced 
with the half naked children, took them into the 
store, and stripping off their rags, had them clothed 
in the new garments, and then sent them out, ab 
solutely screaming for joy. Many of them were 
not at first known by their mothers, who stood with- 
out, waiting; and when they were recognised^ 
they caught them in their arms, and ran off, kissing* 
them, and blessing America, 

The following is a General Jlccount of that pari o t F 
the cargo of the Chancellor committed to my care. 

Flour landed at Napoli, barrels 651 

do at the Mills, do 154 

do at Bourgi, do 478—1283 

do Delivered to Gen. Grivas, do 133 
do to Fotomares, do 143 

do to local gov't, do 120 

do ft> Commandant at 

Bourgi 5 36 

T 



314 APPENDIX. 

Found empty at Bourgi, 14 bbls. 

Missing, 16 30 

Sent to the poor of Kalamos, 100 

Stolen by soldiers, 1 1 

Seized by Gen. Colocotroni, 55 

Distributed to the poor, 660 

Sent to the family of Marco Botzaris, 5— — 1283 

Rice landed at Napoli, tierces 28 

Cora do hhds. 2 — ~~ 30 

Distributed to the poor of Na- 
poli, tierces 20 
Given to the hospital, 2 
Sent to poor at Kalamos, 2 
Sold for expenses, 4 
Corn given to the hospital, hhds. 2—— 30 

Hats received, cases 5 

Shoes, boxes 3 
Clothes, do 1 

Salt meat, bbls. 3 12 

Hats given to the poor, boxes 3| 

do sold, do 1| 

Shoes districted to the poor, do 3 

Clothes, do do 1 

Meat stolen by Colocotroni, bbl. 1 

do spoiled, do 1 

do eaten by the crew, do 1— 12 

SAMUEL G. HOWE, 



APPENDIX. 815 



No. II. 

Second Report of Dr. Howe, giving the details of 
the Distribution made by him in Laconia and 
Jlrgos. 

To J. P. Miller, Esq. 

Poros, August 5th 9 1827. 

My dear Sir, — Having entirely discharged and 
finished the distribution ot the cargo of the brig 
Gorgon, committed by you to my charge, and 
having this day paid off said brig, I have the honour 
to offer you the following report of my proceedings^ 
which is made by the regular extracts from my 
Journal. The distributions were principally made 
to the inhabitants of the districts of Laconia and 
Argos. I had wished to make one in Napoli di 
Romania, but it was a desert on my arrival. The 
storm which had been so long brewing burst over 
it, three days after my departure (July 11th). 
Eight days of continual battles in the streets be- 
tween the soldiers of the two chiefs, of cannonade 
and bombardment, had driven away all the inhabit- 
ants, and then the soldiers began the plunder of 
the houses, not one of which escaped sacking. 

July Wh. 

Sailed from Poros at 10 A. M. and after touch- 
ing at Hydra, to take in two more cannon as a pro- 
tection against the numerous pirates about here* 
bore away for the Gulf of Napoli, 

July llth, Astros. 

Arrived here, and came to anchor at 7 P. M* 
Went on shore and up to the castle 9 commanded 



216 APPENDIX. 

and owned by Zapheropolos (as he built it, and pays 
all the expenses of its support). He promised to 
facilitate in every way the distribution. 

July 18th, Astros* 

Commenced at day-light going round among the 
huts and holes, where the poor refugees from the 
different parts of the Morea are lodged, and gave 
orders for flour to those whom I found to be in the 
greatest misery. There are about 400 families 
living in huts immediately round the castle ; but 
150 of them are in a state of misery almost beyond 
conception or endurance, — half naked, without 
shoes, without bed, lying in a miserable hut made of 
the branches of trees, was many a widow with half a 
dozen children, and no other food to give them than 
the grass and herbs she could pick up during a sultry 
day. The general here commanding seemed to 
have concluded to let me go on and distribute to the 
poor, without attempting to appropriate the flour to 
his own use, till ten o'clock, when that prince of 
intriguers, Count Metaxa, arriving here, suggested 
to him a plan which his own thick head never would 
have conceived. He sent me a man, saying, that 
I was taking too much trouble and fatigue, going 
about in the burning sun, and among the dirt and 
vermin, and that he would spare me all of it, by 
giving me a catalogue of the poor in the place, and 
receiving for them their portion. I thanked him 
for his exceeding kindness, but declined his offer ; 
as it was my duty to see the families myself, I 
could depend on no catalogue. Finding this scheme 
fail, he sent down some soldiers to the magazines, 
where I had already begun rapidly to give out the 
floury with orders to drive the poor from the maga- 



APPENDIX, 21* 

zines, and stop the distribution, unless I would 
make it according to a catalogue which he sent me ; 
upon which he had recorded five times as many fa- 
milies as could be found in the place. In order to 
gain time, and not sacrifice the flour and clothes 
which I had already landed, I pretended the 
greatest respect for the general's order, and per- 
suaded the soldiers to let me go on and finish the 
distribution to those whom J had made a list of, and 
then I would attend to their catalogue. For, "be 
assured," said I, " I will not leave a family which is 
in want without their portion. " This contented 
them, and from my counterfeiting great simplicity s 
and an ignorance of their plan, they reckoned on 
the rest of the cargo as theirs. Detained them by 
various pretexts from going up to give my answer 
to Metaxa, whose long head, I knew immediately, 
would guess my scheme. For some time went on 
as fast as possible, distributing the flour and giving 
the clothes to all the naked who presented them, 
selves ; and as soon as I had finished every thing in 
the store, went on board, and got up anchor ; then 
sent word to the general, that I was ready to distrU 
bute to every really distressed family which had not 
received ; but I must see the family, and not trust 
to any catalogue. If he did not choose to accept 
this (the vessel being under weigh), I would be oft 
without landing another barrel. Seeing me thus 
out of his power, he sent me word to go on in my 
own way. Sent on shore a few more barrels, and 
ilistributed them, with some rice, and about sun- 
set got under weigh and left the place, 



TS 



218 APPENDIX, 

July 19f&, Napoli di Romania; 

Came in here this morning, and anchored about 
a mile from the town, outside of the English fleet 
which is lying here, composed of the Asia line of 
battle ship, three frigates, and a brig. Went to a 
little island about a quarter of a mile from the town., 
where is the government ; in passing along found 
all the boats and vessels at anchor, filled with fami- 
lies who have taken refuge on board. Not a fa- 
mily is left in the town ; upon the breaking out of 
the quarrel between the chiefs, many women and 
children were killed by the bursting of shells, and 
many a sick person was hurried to his^ long home 
by being driven from his house into the streets, and 
forced to lie down upon the shore and die without 
a blanket to cover him* One ball entered the 
chamber of representatives, killed a member, and 
carried away the arm of a second. Went into the 
town to search for my countryman Lieutenant 
Washington, whom I learned had been wounded ; 
and what a scene of ruin and desolation presented 
Itself! ! Every door and window closed, the walls 
and shutters pierced by cannon and musquet shot, 
the streets filled with rubbish brought by the burst- 
ing of bombs. The deepest silence reigned around. 
Interrupted only by the tramp of the armed bri- 
gands called soldiers, who go about in bands armed 
cap a pie, not daring yet to move separately ; for 
though open hostilities have ceased since yesterday 
morning, they may break out again at any moment 
In short* Napoli di Romani presents a strongly 
drawn picture of the misery of their system of war- 
fare, in which the army is equally without the least 
discipline., or the least subordination ; and no other 
difference exists between commander and soldier 



APPENDIX. 219 

but empty title. Finding myself too late to assist 
Washington, who had breathed his last four hours 
before I arrived, and that it was impossible to at- 
tempt any relief to the families, came on board 
and got under weigh. 

JulyZlst, Mottembasia* 

Came in here at noon, and pulling from our an- 
chorage to the town in a boat, went up to see the 
king of Maina, as he is called, Yannin Mavromi- 
chali; he received me well, and promised to fur- 
ther my object by every means in his power ; but 
he manifested the greatest desire to have the cargo 
in his hands, trying every possible way to get me to 
bring the goelette to anchor close under the guns 
ef his castle, to protect me, as he said, against the 
pirates, and have me near him, for he loved me as 
the apple of his eye. But I suspecting he might 
take an equally violent love to the flour, resisted 
all his persuasions. Commenced the numbering 
of the poor families, which however are not so nu- 
merous as I expected to find. 

July 22e?, Monembasia. 

Promised the king to make him a present of ten 
barrels of fish, in order to induce him to keep his 
royal paws off the rest of the cargo, and then com- 
menced distributing to the poor families, of which 
about 150 from other parts are in great misery, 
besides some natives of the town. The greatest 
precaution is necessary against stealing : it is ob- 
vious that from every movement of a Mainiote, that 
he wants only an opportunity to steal without being 
discovered, and he will seize it. One would imagine 
that he sees- still s^es the effect of the institutions 



220 APPENDIX. 

of Lycurgus, for a Mainiote, like an old Spartan 
thinks the disgrace of stealing lies only in the dis- 
covery. 

July 23.— An inquiry into the state of the villages 
about this place, leads me to conclude, that there 
are very few in them. In fact, the district of Maina, 
having been unravaged by the Turks, is in a better 
state than any other part of the Morea. 

July 25th 9 Lenidi, District of Zacconia, 

Left Napoli di Monembasia the day before yes- 
terday, at daylight, and arrived here to-day at noon, 
Journeying one hour through the rich valley, I 
came to the village of Lenidi, which consists of 
about 400 houses, all well built and in most excel- 
lent order, having never been visited by the Turks, 
Made preparations for numbering the poor here as 
well as in the surrounding villages, 

July 26, Palio Horio, District of Zacconia, 

Left Lenidi this morning at daylight, in company 
with Dr. Dumont, our servants, two soldiers, and 
three muleteers, all armed to the teeth ; for the 
good people had warned us, that although going 
on a work of charity, we might meet with bands of 
soldiers who would uncharitably strip us. Se 
ascending to the head of the ricb valley of LenidL 
we began to climb the precipitous ridge which 
forms the northern boundary of it, by a little path 
made in a zigzag course, often hewn out of the solid 
rock, and just broad enough for mules to pass, with 
a precipice rising above on one side, and an abyss 
yawning on the other to receive you, should your 
beast make a misstep ; but getting safely up to the 
top, we journeyed on five hours (twenty miles) te 



APPENDIX. 221 

the west. Reaching the top of the hill, which 
brought us in sight of the valley of Limpia, we 
rested a few minutes, to enjoy the beautiful scene 
which lay spread out at our feet, and which at the 
distance showed no sign of the ruin and devasta- 
tion spread over it by the passage of Ibrahim Pacha, 
Before us was the monastery of Agio Panagia, to the 
right the village of Limpia, and further on that of 
*Platanika, the houses of which could but be just 
seen peeping from among the thick foliage of its 
mulberries. Descending the hill, we entered the 
village of Limpia, the inhabitants of which we found 
in a state of great poverty, gathered together among 
the ruined houses, and endeavouring to gain a scanty 
subsistence, where they no later than last season en- 
joyed comfort and plenty. Gave billets for flour 
to about thirty families who were in abject want. 
The same to the inhabitants of Plantanika : from 
which, taking our course across the valley, w r e ar- 
rived at this village, containing 150 houses, two 
hours before sunset. Passed on the road many 
miserable objects; among others an old woman 
and her children, whom 1 had once known in the 
happy possession of a little farm, stocked with every 
necessary. She was last year enjoying every com- 
fort, surrounded by her friends, and I now found 
her half naked, lying by a cistern upon the road 
side, with her eyes put out, her only companion a 
child twelve years old. The Turks had made a 
descent upon her village, laid waste and destroyed 
every thing, butchering all her family. She her- 
self, after having been laid upon the ground on her 
face, and abused in an unnatural way by a dozen 
of brutal Turks, had her eyes put out, and was left 
to wander about with her boy, who had been abused 
in the same manner ; without a roof to rest under^ 



322 APPENDIX. 

bread to eat, or clothes to change; her boy ga- 
thering grass and herbs which she ate with snails 
found among the rocks, passing weeks without 
tasting bread, and months without changing her 
clothes ; which, filled with dirt and vermin, was an 
object of envy to many other poor wretches, whose 
only clothing is some old coat tied round their 
waists. Gave to this old woman an order for a 
barrel of flour and some clothes, and left her to 
grope her way with her boy to the sea-shore. Pro- 
ceeded immediately to the numbering and giving 
orders for flour to the poor of this village, which 
was destroyed last year by the Turks. 

July 21th, Lenidi. 

Left Palio Korio at daylight this morning, and 
after journeying three hours came to the village of 
Kosma, which contains about 220 houses. It was 
entirely ruined last year by the Turks, and we 
found many poor families in it ; the giving of orders 
to whom detained us till noon, when we left it, and 
distributing orders to the little hamlets of Agio 
Giongio and Konnubia, we returned here at sunset 5 
having made the circuit of the district of Zacconia, 
omitting only Brasto and one other village to which 
we sent notice. 

July 2Sth, Lenidi. 

Spent the day in distributing flour to the poor of 
this village, where I had given out orders, and to 
many hundred poor wretches, who, hearing of the 
distribution, had left their habitations in the holes 
and caverns of the mountains, and came down to 
receive their share, and get for the first time per- 
haps for weeks a little bread to eat. Gave to the 
poor of this place 900 lbs., of Limpia 1,250, erf 



APPENDIX. 223 

Flatanika 800, of Brasto 1,100, of Palio Korio 
1,320, of Kosma 1,300, of Agio Giorgio 600, of 
Konnubia 400, besides several hundred weight to 
stragglers. Having finished all that was landed, 
am waiting for a boat to take us up the Gulf of 
Napoli. 

July 29M, Mills of Napoli, orLema, 

Left Lanidi at one A. M., and arrived here at 
two P. M. Ran over in a boat to Napoli, and 
found every thing in about the same state as I left 
it ten days ago. The whole population of twenty 
thousand souls, driven away to find refuge in tem- 
porary huts, while the soldiers of two brigand 
chiefs are pillaging their houses. Returning here, 
went on shore and made arrangements for writing 
down the families (of which perhaps one thousand 
two hundred are refugees from Napoli), and also for 
ascertaining in what part of the mountains are hid 
the greatest number of refugees from the different 
parts of the Morea. This place being still under 
the orders of Colocotroni, I could not at any other 
moment safely land provisions, except just now, as 
he is gone off to plunder Dillyanis. 

July 30. — Having got a faithful man to number 
the poor about this position ; I started off for Che« 
nidi, a little ruined village four miles south, where 
I found thirty-seven families in great misery, and 
gave them orders for flour. From this I rode on 
west into the interior, and found along by the road 
side, here and there, five, ten, fifteen families, living 
under the projections of rocks, or in little huts 
formed by sticking up poles in a slanting direction* 
and covering them with branches of trees. These 
were not only hungry, but half naked, it being two 
years that they have been driven from their homes. 



324 APPENDIX. 

Hearing that up in the mountains were assembled 
a still greater number, I began the ascent, and after 
a tedious climb of three hours came to a level spot 
in a ravine, where I found one hundred families, 
but not a single house ; all living in the miserable 
huts which I have described. Here was a sight ! 
five hundred persons, mostly widows and orphans, 
driven from their homes, hunted into the mountains 
like wild beasts, and living upon herbs, grass, and 
whatever else they could pick up about the rocks. 
Many women flocked around me, haggard and 
wan, their skins blistered by the sun, their feet torn 
to pieces by the rocks, their limbs half exposed to 
view from the raggedness of their clothes, which 
were dirty and filled with vermin, and swore by the 
cross that they had not tasted bread for months. 
To these I gave orders for flour, and it was to me 
the most heartfelt gratification to see the joy which 
gleamed upon their countenances as they snatched 
their billets, and ran away with them towards the 
shore, blessing God that when their own country- 
men had forgotten them, the Americans sent them 
bread from the other side of the world to keep them 
from starving. It is in such moments as this, that 
the gratification I receive from being the organ of 
relieving misery in some measure, repays me for 
the toils and vexations of the difficult task I have 
undertaken. Returning by a different route, I found 
many more distressed objects to whom I gave bil- 
lets, and at sunset arrived at the shore. 

July 31. — Putting a person into the store to de- 
liver to those families who had received billets yes* 
terday and to-day, I again started off, and after 
crossing the. Racinus, found myself among about 
l 5 0ap families., refugees frotn Napoli, Argo& and 



APPENDIX. 225 

Oilier places, all encamped upon the ground under 
dwellings formed by hanging blankets on poles ; 
many of these however were not poor : found about 
200 in misery. Rode on to Argos, and found it 
presenting a most melancholy picture. When I left 
it last year, its 2,000 houses were in good order, and 
filled with a busy population ; they were now all in 
ruins ; the fire and the sword had passed over it ; 
and of its numerous population, about fifty misera- 
ble inhabitants were wandering about among the 
ruins of their once happy homes, seeking perhaps 
to pick up enough of their effects to sell for a few 
days' bread. Leaving the place by the Tripolitza 
road, passed the ancient theatre, which is consider- 
ably entire, and will probably remain distinguish- 
able as long as any in the world, its seats being 
hewn out of the solid rock in the mountain side, 
Near it are the ruins of a Roman temple which 
gives shelter to several poor families. Returning s 
my rout lay through the famous lake or marsh of 
Lerna, but I met with no Hydra, and arrived safe 
at the shore. Distributed to about 300 families., 

August 1, 1827, Lerna, 

Continued the distribution, and met with no 
other difficulty than from the great number of the 
poor, who, having heard of the American donationSj 
crowded in from eight and ten hours distance. 

August 2. — Finished all the flour and pease 
which I had on board, and there being still billets 
to pay, exchanged a quantity of rice for the flour 
of the country, in order to complete the distribution, 
and redeem the billets. Obliged to give some 
bre.ad to the soldiery. 

IT 



226 APPENDIX. 



August 3, SpetziUs 

Left the Mills of Napoli last midnight, and ar* 
rived here this day at noon. Commenced getting 
out the rice arid flour intended for the hospital, as 
well as the meat and fish for sale, and deposited 
them in the national magazines. 

August 5, Poros. 

Left Spetzia the day before yesterday, at 9 
o'clock in the evening, and arrived here this morning 
at ten. Paid off the vessel, she having been twen- 
ty-five days in employ. Thus I have finished the 
distribution of this cargo without any untoward oc* 
currence : almost every pound of it has gone to 
the poor ; and I have endeavoured to give satisfac- 
tion to all ; but I am well aware, that those only 
who have received will be satisfied, and even part 
of them will complain because they have not re- 
received more. 

The follotving is a general account of the disposition 

of the cargo committed to my care. 
Flour rec'd on board bbls. 260 
Distributed at Astros, 33 
Do Monembasia, 22 
Do do to peasants 5 
Do Lenedi, 50 
Do Mills of Napoli or Lerna 1 40 
Expended on board 2 
Sent back to Poros 8~ 260 

Rice rec'd on board tierces 27 

Distributed at Astros 1 

Do Mills of Napoli 3} 

Sold to pay expenses 5| 



APPENDIX. 22< 

Landed in the magazine at Spetzia 1S|. 

Exchanged for flour 3|~ 2? 

Pease rec'd on board hhds. 52 

Distributed at Lenidi 41 

Do Mills of Napoli 10 

Stored at Spetzia 1 — 52 

Salt meat and fish rec'd on board bbls. 129 

Given at Monembasia 10 

Consumed on board 3 
Deposited at Spetzia 114 

Sent to Syra 2 129 

Bread in half barrels rec'd on board | bbls. 40 

Consumed on board 28 

Given out at the Mills 12 — 40 

Dried fish in boxes rec'd on board boxes 8 

Sold at the Mills 1 

Deposited at Spetzia 7 8 

Medicine rec'd on board boxes 4 

bale 1 

bbls. 2 - 7 

Deposited at Spetzia 7 

Clothing rec'd on board boxes 7 

Distributed at Astros 1 

Do Lenidi 2 

Do Mills 1 

Deposited at Spetzia 2 

Hold for distribution 1 7 

SAM'L. G. HOWE, 



228 APPENDIX, 



No. HI. 



Report by Gen. Jarvis of the distributions made by 
him in sundry places. 

To Messrs. Miller & Stuyvesant, 
Jlgents, fyc. at Poros. 

Corinth, August 19 (31), 1827. 

Gentlemen, — I herewith lay before you a short 
and concise general statement of the distribution 
made by me, as by your directions, and in conform* 
ity to the instructions of the Honourable Commit- 
tee, with which you acquainted me. The quantity 
and quality of the provisions, most of them from the 
cargo of the Six Brothers, have been specified at 
every return of the four different expeditions I 
made. The rate of distribution was generally six 
okas, but sometimes five and three, to every indi- 
vidual, of which the following is an enumeration. 
At Kenchrea 4,000 souk 

" Ankistri . 1,760 « 

* Epidaurus " 4,000 « 

« Salamina 8,830 M 

" Peada and Siderona, including 
the villages of Ligurio, Cheli, Angelo 
Castro, Sofica, and Lower Achaia, 4,175 " 



22,765 
This is the nearest number that I can with cer- 
tainty give, most of whom constitute the ambulant 
refugees, and part of the natives of Ankistri, Sala- 
mis, the isthmus of Corinth, and the greater pari 
of Lower Achaia. Having done justice to these, I 
must not forget to inform you that there are others 
tvho have not yet received any thing, viz, 



APPENDIX. 226 

At Ankistri, the refugees from Perachora 160 souk 
Do do Galaxidi250 " 

Do do theMoreal50 " 

550 

to whom I have not been able to distribute. 

Concerning those concentrated in Lower Achate 
I have to make the following remarks. 

The province of Corinth is divided into the Bate 
(lower) and Pano (upper) Achaia, besides the 
townships, the isthmus, and the plains bordering on 
Naupactos. The road running from the citadel to 
Napoli, leaves the Pano on the right, and the Bato 
Achaia on the left, which latter extends to the south 
towards Hydra, and to the north borders on the 
isthmus. 

Into this latter district and its recesses, partly 
covered by pines and firs, partly barren, and scarce 
of water, which hindered the enemy from overrun- 
ning it, many thousands of Romeliotes have taker 
a temporary refuge. The real number cannot be 
exactly ascertained, as they are ambulant from ne« 
€essity, and on the slightest news of provisions for 
distribution, they run from one place to another to 
get a little meal, and they will come ten and twelve 
hours over difficult marches to get a share of it. — • 
The want of water, particularly at this season of 
the year, concentrates most of them near the har« 
hours and rivulets where water is to be found ; and 
in distributing provisions, it is only necessary to 
send previous advice to have them down from the 
hills in a short time. 

Great circumspection, however, is necessary^ as 
some will receive three or four times, whilst others 
receive nothing at all. Those who have not W 



230 APPENDIX. 

received are at Fanari, Kito Ajio, Jani, Limna^ 
and Ajio Oros and others, dispersed in themoun« 
tains, who are in a greater state of suffering than 
others, but to whom I could not give in my last 
distribution for want of time, as the schooner could 
Bot wait to let me search all the huts and hovels in 
the Province, and for want of a depot to deliver 
provisions out more deliberately. 

To do justice to these we should have from three 
to four hundred barrels of meal, with a vessel as 
large as the last, touching east at the port near Fanari ? 
and north at Siderona, (which place Mr. Stuyve* 
sant knows) ; also at Ankistri for the 550 there., 
who have not partaken of American bounty. We 
should thus be able to give all a share of the dona- 
tions. The complaints of those who have not re- 
ceived, are more unpleasant than the consolatory 
thanks or joy of those who have. 

Sailing through Sirates, and distributing under 
the muskets of numerous guerillas, styled kleftes, 
(thieves,) hungry and greedy as wolves, I attribute 
part of our unmolested success to the manlike be- 
haviour of these soldiers ; part, perhaps, to my 
knowledge of their tricks, and to their all knowing 
me. Some little equivocation has always been 
tried by the poor, who, never having had any de- 
livered to them in this way, and never expecting to- 
receive any more gratis, have tried to get twice or 
three times. The disorders that often occurred 
have prolonged the distributions, and rendered them 
more difficult to be made. It is a great advantage^ 
always before a cargo is sent, to walk about in the 
cottages and caves of misery, and give tickets to 
the real sufferers. 

As soon as more provisions arrive, a considerable 
share ought to be sent to the Morea, whose suf* 



APPENDIX, 231 

ierers have comparatively received nothing at alL 
Those between Corinth and Vostitza are now oc- 
cupied in gathering currants, but still there are 
great numbers of sufferers in this vicinity, of all of 
whom I shall speak, should any thing more be des- 
tined for them. I advise you not to throw any 
thing into this place, nor to give for the army, be« 
fore 1 write you. We are at work to establish con* 
fidence, order, and security. 

I ought not to omit to inform you, that among 
other indications of gratitude, the priests have or- 
dered a Te Deum to be held in the churches of 
Angelo Castro and Sofico, to praise God, and re- 
turn thanks to the Americans who have subscribed 
and sent the provisions here. 

I beg you to write me by the bearer, and let me 
know the news at Poros, and from America ; and 
if letters have arrived for me to forward them by the 
same. I shall not come to Poros for some time, 
as we are occupied in the military line, and which, 
we hope, will tend to save the country, or if not, to 
sink with it. General Church has taken his head- 
quarters near here. 

I subscribe myself, Gentlemen, 

Your most obedient servant, 

GEORGE JARVIS.* 

* George Jarvis Is a son of Benjamin Jarvis of New- York, who held 
a situation under the United States Government at the Hague. His 
son George was born in Germany, and received his education there. 
Possessed of an uncommonly strong constitution and great energy of 
character, he engaged in the Greek struggle in 1821, since which timt 
he has pushed himself forward as a guerilla soldier to the rank of e 
Brigadier-General. He has numerous friends among the Greeks^ 
but few among the Philheilenes, owing to his entering fully into all the 
prejudices of the Greeks. He has probably seen more lighting and 
undergone more hardships than any foreigner who has taken part in 
this contest, having been frequently sick and wounded. The manner 
in which he was wounded in the plain of Tripolitza is worthy of re* 
mark. He received a musket ball in his thigh. He fell, and his sol- 
diers all fled. A party of Delhighs dashed upon him 5 in order to c^ 



332 APPENDIX* 

No. IV. 

for. Howe's Third Report, giving the details of the 
Distributions made by him at the island of Spetzia. 

To Messrs. Leib and Miller. 

At Sea> off Hydra, Sept. 8th, 1827. 

Gentlemen, — Having finished the distribution 
of four hundred barrels of bread, committed by you 
to my charge for the distressed families of Spetzia, 
I have the honour to offer you the following ac- 
count of my proceedings. I arrived at that Island 
on the morning of the first of September, and imme- 
diately commenced the landing of my cargo, which 
I put into a national store. By employing the 
poor people, whom the report of the arrival of the 
bread had drawn round the landing-place, I was 
enabled to land all the same day. 

Sept . 2. — Being the Sabbath, nothing was done. 

Sept. 3. — I was employed in putting on board 
the vessel the stores given by Mr. Miller for the 
hospital at Napoli. 

Sept. 4. — Business calling me to Napoli di Ro- 
mania, I left the' making out of the catalogues of the 
poor to the priests. There being eighteen parishes 
in the Island, I requested the priest of each one, to 
have ready on my return a list of the poor in his 
parish, that I might immediately commence distri- 
buting. Left Spetzia and arrived at Napoli in the 
evening. 

Sept 5. — Finished my business at Napoli, and 

him in pieces. Jarvis had the presence of mind to cock his musket, 
and remained in a position to send one of them to his proper place in 
case he should pounce upon him. The Delhighs rode round him seve- 
ral times. The Greeks at length made a second attack, and the Del- 
highs were obliged to retire, and Jarvis succeeded in getting into i)m 
<3rreek camp* 



APPENDIX. 23S 

started at ten A. M. for Spetzia, where I arrived on 
the 6th. 

Sept. 6. — Ascertained that the priests had found 
me poor enough to eat up the cargo at a meal ; for 
each one had written down the names of almost all 
his parishioners It being my wish to make the list 
as small as possible, so that those who are really 
distressed may receive a greater share, I resolved 
to destroy all their lists, and consulting with the 
bishop (who is one of the very few examples to be 
found among the higher Greek Clergy, of a man of 
education, virtue, and honour), I proceeded with his 
assistance to make out a new catalogue, visiting the 
houses where are to be found, old men, women, wi* 
dows and orphans. Gave out orders to about 800 
persons, who were all poor, and most of whom had 
no visible means of living but by the charity of 
others. 

Sept. 7. — Before dawn of day the store was 
surrounded by the poor who had received orders 
yesterday, in hungry expectation. I appointed a 
person to distribute the biscuit to them according 
to the number of persons in each family, at the rate 
of ten pounds to each person ; and it was really 
consolatory to witness the joy and gratitude with 
which they received it. I then proceeded to the 
house of the Bishop, where I found many hundreds 
of poor, gathered together in waiting to get orders. 
I find the number of the miserable and utterly des- 
titute here much greater than I had calculated* 
Besides those of the Island, there are a great many 
families from other parts of Greece, who, having 
been driven from their homes by the invasion of 
the Turks, have taken refuge here ; and were it not 
that I have become in a measure hardened by a 
?ong habit of witnessing even greater misery, I know 



S34 APPENDIX* 

not how I could support the sight of women, old 
men, and little children without shoes, covered but 
in part by rags, hungry and friendless, without a 
house to lay their heads under for the night, or an 
idea how they can find a morsel of food for the 
morrow. The inhabitants are hospitable in their 
own way, and will not permit a beggar, if from their 
own Island, to go hungry from their door ; but they 
give not to those poor from other parts, whom they 
call strangers. Gave out orders to about 1,100 
persons* I find that four hundred barrels are not 
likely to suffice for all. 

Sept. 8. — The biscuit being all given out except 
about 40 barrels, I left these in the hands of the 
bishop and two other persons of respectability, to 
continue the distribution, and set sail for Poros; 
the bishop praying me to bring a few more barrels, 
in order that all may receive, and there be no grum- 
bling. This I leave to you, gentlemen, being only 
able to say, I am thoroughly convinced, that what- 
ever you may commit to his hands will be faithfully 
given to the poor. 

I have the honour to be yours respecfully, 

SAMUEL G. HOWE* 



No. V. 

Mr. Stuyvesanfs Report to the Greek Committee on 
his return with Dr. Howe. 

To the Chairman op the Greek Committee* 

New-York, February, 1828. 

Sir,— I left this place on the ISth day of May 
last, having in charge the cargo of the brig Six 
Brothers, bound for Napoli di Romania. I arrived 



APPENDIX. 235 

there on the 7th of July. Immediately on coming 
to anchor, Dr. Howe and Mr. Jarvis came on 
board. I went with them on shore, and saw thou* 
sands of poor who were gathered round the walls, 
in the caves, and in small huts of about eight feet 
square, built with four poles, and covered with 
bushes, not sufficient to keep out the weather- 
When the wind blows heavy, the houses are often 
taken away, and the women and children left sit- 
ting there. After going round and seeing these half 
starved, wretched, emaciated looking women and 
children, I went with Dr. Howe to his quarters, 
where I found Mr. Miller's letter, requesting me to 
come immediately to Poros. I sailed the same 
evening, requesting Dr. Howe to accompany me 3 
which he did. We arrived there on the 9th, and 
delivered my letters and the invoice of the ship's 
cargo to Mr. Miller. 

The cargo was landed and put in store, and the 
ship despatched as soon as possible. We chartered 
a sphooner of about 100 tons, the cargo of which 
Dr. Howe took charge for distribution. In ano- 
ther, Messrs. Miller, Jarvis, and myself, sailed for 
iEgina, and thence to Ankistry. The latter is a 
small island with about 2,000 refugees upon it. As 
soon as we landed, we sent round the Island to col- 
lect the poor ; and in the course of two hours they 
were seen coming in droves to the shore. The 
dour was given out under the direction of Mr. 
Jarvis, who had his soldiers to keep off the half- 
starved wretches, in portions of 15 lbs. to each. 
The joy they expressed is indescribable ; they re- 
tired from the beach calling on God and the Holy 
Virgin to bless us and the Americans. I clothed all 
who were naked, as far as my means would ad mi! 



236 APPENDIX, 

of. After distributing and relieving the wants at 
this place, we sailed for Epidaurus on the 18th, 
where we arrived in a few hours. Here they ex- 
pected us ; the poor were collected on the beach 
to the number of about 5,000, who received us 
with shouts of joy. How often did I wish the cha- 
ritable donors could have witnessed the gratitude 
of these poor wretches. It would be impossible to 
hear the story, and see the general distress of each 
individual, without shedding tears. For myself, I 
must say, 1 never had my feelings wrought to so 
high a pitch. Here we discharged the whole cargo, 
each one receiving his scanty allowance. 

On Sunday, the 22d July, Mr. Miller and myself 
with a guard of soldiers to keep off the crowd, went 
to the public square, where we had five boxe&of 
clothing to distribute. For a short time the distri- 
bution went on well, but the crowd became so 
great and the heat so intense, we were obliged to 
remove them to the house, where we passed them 
in at the door and out at the window. All that 
we relieved had not clothing sufficient to cover 
their nakedness. After much fatigue we went on 
board the schooner and sailed for Poros. The 
schooner was a second time loaded for Salamis, to 
which place I went without Mr. Miller. I arrived 
at Salamis on 81st July. As soon as we came to 
anchor, I went on shore with Mr. Jarvis to make 
arrangement to distribute the cargo. We took a 
church situated near the beach, and landed our 
cargo. In the course of a very short time the 
church was crowded to excess ; and by the time 
the news was spread over the Island, we supplied 
?he number of 8,830. After getting through with 
he distribution here we sailed for Corinth. I went 



APPENDIX. 2S7 

with Mr. Jarvis, he being anxious that I should 
send a quantity of provisions to the garrison ; but 
this being contrary to my orders, I declined, and 
returned to Poros, and arrived on the 5th August* 
On the 8th I sailed the third time from Poros, for 
Peada, where I arrived on the 10th. Here Mr* 
Jarvis went by my request into the interior, twenty 
or thirty miles, and gave tickets to the needy, who 
came down in great numbers. The same distress 
was shown here as in every other place. We 
landed and distributed two hundred and sixty bar- 
rels of meal. We then sailed for Siderona, a small 
harbour further up the coast, where we found them 
all anxiously waiting on the beach for our arrival* 
where we discharged and distributed the remain- 
der of the cargo. At Poros we always kept flour 
and meal open in the house, that we might relieve 
the distressed applicants. 

Earnestly hoping that your labours for the dis« 
tressed creatures may be continued, and ultimately 
crowned with success, I remain, 
Gentlemen, 

Very respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 

JOHN R. STUYVESANT 



X 



£38 APPENDIX, 



No. VI. 



Dr. Howe's Letter to the Greek Committee, on the 
state of Greece, written after his arrival in the har* 
hour of New- York. 

To the New- York Greek Committee. 

Quarantine Ground, February 5, 1828. 

Gentlemen,— Amid the various contradictory 
and exaggerated accounts which are circulated 
about Greece, you may naturally expect some au- 
thentic information from those whose residence in 
that interesting country has enabled them to know 
the truth. As far as relates to the distribution of 
the contributions which New- York so liberally sent 
out, your immediate agents, Messrs. Miller and 
Stuyvesant, will doubtless give you full and satis- 
factory information : allow me only to remark, that 
they have been the means not only of relieving in« 
numerable cases of individual misery, of feeding 
the hungry, and clothing the naked and houseless ; 
but they have produced a great moral effect upon 
the people : they were spread far and wide, not 
only to those in the large towns, and along the sea 
coast, but penetrated into the interior, and were 
partaken of by thousands of those wretches who 
have escaped massacre, and fled from their burning 
villages to the caves of the mountain. Those who 
did not partake, heard of them, and were cheered 
in their misery by the thought that their sufferings 
were known and commiserated, and that they 
were considered worthy of having the hand of cha* 
rity stretched out to them from across the globe* 
This wide-spreading feeling could not fail to do 
gQod and encourage the people to persist in their 



APPENDIX* 238 

noble cause ; nor was it unaccompanied by grati- 
tude toward the donors ; thousands who had never 
heard the name of America, learned to pronounce 
it for the first time with a blessing. Greece will 
never forget the kindness done her in her hour of 
bitter adversity. 

The situation of Greece, Gentlemen, previous 
to the destruction of the Turkish fleet at Navarino, 
was most alarming. The overwhelming superiority 
in number, strength, ai;d equipments of the Turkish 
vessels enabled them to pour in supplies and rein- 
forcements from Egypt and Constantinople to the 
Morea ; and Ibrahim Pacha, with his disciplined 
Arabs, was preparing to sweep across it, and join 
the hordes of the indefatigable Cutavhi, the con- 
queror of Athens, before Corinth. And what had 
the Greeks to oppose ? — nothing — nut the shadow 
of resistance. Without monej, or ammunition, or 
provisions, how could the slightest force be kept 
together ? The Pel< ponesus must have been again 
laid waste, and would have been useless to both 
parties ; for though the Greeks could not have de- 
fended it, they would have retreated to the fast- 
nesses of the mountains, and long kept up from 
them a partisan warfare ; but the mass of the peo- 
ple must have taken refuge in the islands. Here 
was the last hope of the Greeks, and here it is pro- 
bable they would have made good their stand, and 
constituted a small but free people. But the battle 
of Navarino has changed all, and it is probable that 
the future fate of Gieece will be decided in the 
cabinets of Europe. If left to continue the strug- 
gle single-handed with Turkey, she will probably 
come off conqueror : her fleet will be able to resist 
the enemy's ; and if the supplies are cut off from 



MQ APPENDIX. 

Egypt only three months, Ibrahim Pacha must quit 
the Morea, or starve ; and, in six, every fortress in 
it must fall into the hands of the Greeks. As for 
renewing the attempt to conquer it by a force from 
Romelia, across the isthmus of Corinth, it would be 
beyond the power of the Sultan. It would require 
a force of 30,000 men, whose line of communica- 
tion would have to be kept up through a vast tract 
of country, intersected by rugged mountains, and 
difficult defiles, most dangerous in the hands of 
mountain warriors : such an expedition would pro- 
bably share the fate of Drama Ali's, in 1823, who 
only saved a miserable remnant of his army, which 
on entering the Morea, consisted of 25,000 men. 

As for Romelia, it is lost irrecoverably for the 
present ; but Candia, Cyprus, Scio, and Mitylene f 
will be recovered ; and these, with the Morea, will 
constitute an important nation, and should the cry 
of the people be heard, their Government will be a 
republican one. 

The Greek fleet under Cochrane is daily assum- 
ing a more respectable appearance, and will soon 
be able to make head against any naval force the 
Turks can send out. 

But though as I have stated the resources of 
Greece are nearly exhausted, and Government has 
seldom a dollar at command, yet the spirit of the 
people is not crushed ; and only a few days before 
the battle of Navarino, there was fitted out perhaps 
the best regulated a>nd most rational expedition that 
has sailed during the war : 1 mean that for the re* 
taking of Scio, principally got up and regulated by 
Glarakis. This excellent patriot and shrewd states* 
man, on the first rumours of the intended interfer- 
ence of the European sovereigns in favour of 



APPENDIX. 241 

Greece, saw that they must include all those parts 
of it actually in arms ; and in order to have Scio 
included, resolved to attempt the raising the stand- 
ard of revolt there. His powerful influence over 
the Sciotes induced them to come readily into the 
plan, and they all cordially seconded him. Let us 
give the poor Greeks their due, and if too often we 
find them mercenary and trickish, when we see 
examples of genuine and generous patriotism, let it 
be known. Not only did Glarakis labour day and 
night upon his plan, but all the Sciotes scattered 
through Greece strained every nerve, and contri- 
buted all they could : merchants wound up their 
concerns, gave their money into the common stock* 
and, shouldering a mu*ket, prepared to start and 
risk their lives for the delivery ol their native island* 
An expedition, consisting of 1 500 irregular, and 
1000 disciplined men, sailed under the command 
of Col. Fabvier, with every necessary equipment ; 
all the expenses ol which were paid by the volun* 
tary sacrifices made by the Sciotes ; and a few days 
before I left Greece, we heard of their safe debark- 
ment upon the island, with every prospect of effect* 
ing its conquest. 

The Candiotes also were getting up an expedi* 
tion for the re-conquest of their island ; and if the 
Turkish fleet is prevented from going to succour 
it, Candia (almost equal to the Morea in import- 
ance) must, in a few months, be in the hands of its 
rightful masters. 

You have doubtless heard of the brilliant affair 

at Salona, where Hastings entirely destroyed seven 

Turkish vessels, and obtained complete mastery of 

the Gulf of Corinth. 

Thus you will see, that though the originally small 

X2 



APPENDIX, 

national resources of Greece have been exhausted 
by a seven years' struggle with their powerful ene- 
my, though the country has been wasted, the crops 
destroyed, and the villages burned; and, what is 
worse, broils and civil wars almost continually kept 
up by the guilty intrigues of her selfish and avari- 
cious chieis ; still the spirit of the people, though 
bruised, is not broken ; and let us hope that Hea- 
ven has in store blessings for a nation so long and 
severely tried. 

I have the honour to be, 

Gentlemen, your obd't servant, 

SAMUEL G. HOWE 



No. VIL 

jteport from Mr. Henry A. V. Post to the Greek 

Committee, on his return and arrival at Boston. 

To Lynde Catlin, Esq. Chairman of the Executive 

Greek Committee. 

Boston, July Uth, 1828. 

Sir,— I regret extremely that 1 have been unable 
to forward you any account of my proceedings^ 
since the first communication which I had the ho* 
Hour of addressing to you from the Island of Poros. 
As it was my intention to return to the United 
States by the first opportunity, as soon as I had ful- 
filled the object of my mission, I thought it useless 
to write by the few circuitous and very uncertain 
conveyances, which presented themselves in the 
Levant. I was unfortunate in not finding a home* 
ward bound vessel so soon as I expected, and this 
has been the occasion of my long silence, Mr 



APPENDIX, 248 

Miller has no doubt furnished you with a general 
report of the application which has been made of 
the several cargoes intrusted to him ; but I deem it 
incumbent upon me, and I presume it will be in 
accordance with the wishes of the Committee, to 
submit a brief statement of the transactions in which 
I was more immediately concerned* 

Soon after arriving at Poros, we freighted a small 
Greek vessel with one hundred and sixty-eight 
barrels of flour, twenty bales and boxes of clothings 
together with a quantity of wheat received by Mr. 
Miller from Gen. Church in exchange for flour of 
the cargo of the brig Statesman of Boston. I pro* 
ceeded with this vessel to Kalamata, a small town 
in the isthmus of Corinth, and with the assistance 
of General Jarvis, who was then stationed in the 
castle of Corinth, distributed the cargo to about 
four thousand starving persons, refugees from Li- 
vadia, Labona, and other parts of Roumelia. The 
principal part of them were living at a small place 
called Loutraki, on the other side of the isthmus, in 
caves, and holes, and miserable huts, rudely con- 
structed of mud and grass and the branches of 
trees. Even the clefts of the rocks were converted 
into human habitations, and were resounding with 
the cries of famishing children, and the sighs and 
groans of their disconsolate parents: others re- 
duced to still greater suffering, had taken up their 
abode in similar tenements in the environs of what 
was once the city of Corinth : they had crawled 
forth from their damp and gloomy retreats, to bask 
in the rays of the sun, and lay stretched upon the 
ground amid heaps of mouldering ruins, pale and 
emaciated by famine, or wasting with disease pro* 
duced by unwholesome diet ; for they had known 



244 APPENDIX. 

no other food for months, but the few wild herbs 
with which the hand of nature had supplied them* 
This is no fanciful description ; it is a picture of 
misery appalling indeed, but literally true to the life ; 
for fancy could add no horrors to the dreadful 
reality. 

We assembled the wretched sufferers, such of 
them at least as were able to walk so far upon the 
beach at Kalamata, and dealt out to them individu-* 
ally in proportion to their poverty, and the numbers 
of their families, so far as we are able to ascertain 
these particulars, such a portion of meal or grain 
as our limited supply warranted ; many to whom 
we distributed the unground wheat began to devour 
it upon the spot by handfuls, and others stood 
gleaning the solitary grains which were scattered 
by accident among the sand. The news of our ar- 
rival soon spread far and wide, and thousands more 
than we had the means for supplying, soon flocked 
in from every quarter ; we were under the painful 
necessity of sending them back to their starving 
families, empty as they came, to perish perhaps ere 
long through cold, hunger, and disease. 

As soon as we could make the necessary ar- 
rangements, we chartered an armed Spetziote brig 
to proceed to the district of Maina, at the southern 
extremity of the Morea, where great numbers of the 
helpless and destitute inhabitants, whose houses 
were in possession of the Turks, had fled for pro- 
tection and succour. This second cargo consisted 
of seven hundred and eighty-four barrels of flour 
and meal, four of beef and pork, and one of wheat, 
brought out by the Jane, besides two hundred and 
seventy barrels of biscuit, and forty-one of fish, 
consigned to Mr. Miller in other vessels. General 



APPENDIX. 845 

Jarvis accompanied us, taking with him a dozen of 
his soldiers to repel any violence that might be at* 
tempted against us. We proceeded in the first place 
to the port of Kitries, on the eastern side of the 
gulf of Coron, where, after reconnoitring the 
ground, we gave out a hundred and ten barrels of 
biscuit and flour to about a thousand persons. 
The remainder of the cargo we distributed among 
twenty thousand individuals at Arguiro, and Scar- 
damoula, small towns on the same side of the bay. 
Such scenes of heart-rending misery, as we were 
here compelled to witness, it is almost impossible 
to conceive, surrounded as we are in our iavoured 
land by the blessings of peace and plenty. They 
were scenes of accumulated suffering, too affecting 
to behold, too horrid to describe. The country 
was in a state of complete anarchy and confusion* 
and we experienced much difficulty and embarrass- 
ment from the attempt of the Capitani to interfere 
in the distribution, and to secure a portion for 
themselves; but the firmness and decision of Gen. 
Jarvis carried us safely through, and enabled us to 
dispose of the whole of our cargo according to the 
literal instruction of the Committee. We were the 
whole time within sight of the Turkish garrison of 
Coron on the opposite side of the bay, who were no 
doubt informed of our operations by the numerous 
boats which were daily supplying them with pro- 
visions ; but either through fear or apathy they ma- 
nifested no disposition to molest us. 

Of the remainder of the Jane's cargo, fifty barrels 
of meal were sold by Mr. Miller, as I was informed 
by Dr. Russ, to defray the expenses of the ship- 
ment to Maina. He had also promised before his 
departure thirty barrels to Tricoupi of Missolonghi 3 
present secretary of state, for the relief of his un* 



246 APPENDIX. 

fortunate fellow citizens. These were afterwards 
delivered, and, from the character of Mr. Tricoupi, 
I believe faithfully distributed. The small residue 
of flour was left in the hands of Dr. Russ, for the 
use of the hospital. The whole of the beef and 
pork, with the exception of the four barrels carried 
to Maina, was disposed of by Mr. Miller. The dry- 
goods and clothing, besides that portion already 
specified, were distributed in small quantities to the 
numerous applicants for charity who presented 
themselves at the magazine in Poros. I regret that 
it is not in my power to render a particular account 
of the various boxes and packages, according to the 
request of the Committee. Mr. Miller had over- 
looked this request, and had broken them all open 
in my absence, and assorted their contents. I am 
only able to state generally, that they contained, 
for the most part, in mixed packages of different 
articles, coarse woollen and cotton cloths, calicoes* 
ginghams, bombazets, linen, flannel, blankets, shirty 
and gowns, and a variety of ready-made clothing, 
hats, stockings, shoes, and leather, together with a 
number of swords, and sundry small articles, such 
as thread, needles, thimbles, &c. 

The hospital remained in a flourishing state when 
I left Poros, though somewhat embarrassed by the 
delay of the naval commission, in paying a con- 
siderable debt which they had contracted for pro- 
visions. Dr. Russ was devoting himself unremit- 
tingly to the institution, and unless cramped in his 
efforts by want of funds, will render it of great ser- 
vice to the country. The number of patients who 
applied for relief during the first three months after 
its establishment, was two hundred and fifty, and 
the number was daily increasing. 

I have made every inquiry respecting the much 



APPENDIX. 247 

regretted donation to the city of Napoli, and have 
conversed on the subject with the governor and 
several of the leading members of the municipality 
who were in office at the time, charging them 
openly with their mean and ungrateful perfidy. 
They acknowledged the justice of the charge, but 
pleaded in excuse the peculiar circumstances of 
their situation, assuring me that the deception which 
they practised was the only means of saving them- 
selves and us from the threatened violence of Grivas, 
I believe them to be unprincipled men, and their re- 
presentations in general of little value ; but in the 
present instance they are so substantiated by other 
evidence, that I consider them entitled to some de- 
gree of credit. The town, they said, was greatly 
suffering for the want of bread— -the soldiers were 
complaining, and beginning to plunder — and the 
inhabitants were in hourly apprehension of another 
message from Grivas, like those which they had re- 
ceived on former occasions ; for he was in the ha- 
bit of laying the town under contribution, whenever 
his supplies were exhausted, and firing upon them 
from his castle, unless his demands were promptly 
complied with. On the evening of our arrival at 
Napoli, he sent word to the magistrates, requesting 
them to go on board of our vessel, and threatening, 
that unless they could persuade us to deliver over 
peaceably a few hundred barrels, he would take 
possession of the whole cargo by force of arms, 
Upon the whole, I feel satisfied, from the statement 
of these magistrates, together with information de* 
rived from other sources, that the delivery of the 
five hundred barrels at Napoli, was a happy mistake* 
both for ourselves and the poor inhabitants~for 
ourselves, in saving the rest of the cargo from the 
hands of the lawless soldiers*— and for the inhabit 



248 APPENDIX. 

ants in saving them from another dreadful contri- 
bution, which would have completed at once the 
ruin of their city. 

The appropriation of these provisions in strict 
conformity to the instructions of the Committee, has 
been a very difficult and perplexing task, owing to 
the unsettled state of the country, the great dis- 
tresses of the soldiery, and the avarice and selfish- 
ness of their leaders ; for in times of anarchy the 
least deserving men will always work their way to 
power. But I feel happy in being able to assure 
the Committee and the benevolent donors, that the 
greater proportion of their charities has been strictly 
and faithfully applied, in compliance with their 
wishes, to the feeding and clothing of the aged, the 
sick, and the destitute : and could they have wit- 
nessed the joy, and I may add, the gratitude with 
which their bounty has been received, they would 
only regret, that the whole amount of what has 
been done for the relief of Greece, has been so ut- 
terly disproportionate to the wide extent of misery 
in which the country has been involved. I know 
that it is customary to charge the Greeks with an 
ungrateful spirit towards those who have assisted 
them during the horrors of their protracted contest : 
and this charge may be merited, so far as relates to 
the rich and powerful, who have been placed be* 
yond the need of assistance, for they indeed appear 
to know little of that wise, refined, and generous 
principle which prompts a man to the acknow- 
ledgment of favours conferred upon his friends or 
countrymen. But as to the poor people who have 
been the immediate recipients of our charity, they 
have evinced the most lively and heartfelt gratitude* 
and I have no doubt, that the friendly aid and sym- 
pathy of the American people* have left with many 



APPENDIX. S49 

a feeling of respect and admiration for the American 
name, which will not be soon forgotten. 

It is much the fashion among a certain class of 
persons, to decry the character of the Greeks, and 
to endeavour to weaken the general interest in their 
behalf ; and it is indeed to be lamented that they 
possess so few virtues to recommend them to 
our esteem : but we should not be too severe in 
condemning them for vices which they have un- 
avoidably contracted during a long and ignominious 
bondage : we should rather admire them for thai 
unbroken spirit which they have maintained* 
through centuries of oppression, and that per- 
severing attachment to their religion, which has re- 
mained rooted in them through ages of persecution 
and disgrace. But whatever may be the mora! 
qualities of the people, they are suffering, and suf- 
fering under a pressure of calamities, almost un^ 
equalled in the history of the world. This is of it- 
self a sufficient merit to entitle them to our sympa- 
thies. If their misfortunes, and the glorious recol- 
lections, which attach themselves to the soil that 
they inhabit, should fail to awaken a feeling of 
friendship towards the people themselves, who can 
withhold his approbation and support from the 
noble contest in which they are engaged ? It is a 
cause of no local, no national interest, but one in 
which the whole human race are deeply concerned; 
and whosoever lends his aid to Greece in her strug- 
gle for independence, advances the cause of liberty, 
of religion, and all the best interests of mankind, 
I have the honour to be, Sir, 

Your most obedient servant, 
H. A.V. POST 

Y 



ADDITIONAL NOTES. 



No. I. 

General Colocotroni and the Kleftai. 

General Colocotroni has become noted in the 
Greek revolution. He was a Kleft, or chief of the 
robbers, of which there have long been two kinds 
in Greece, viz. the Armatoli, and the Kleftai, or 
Kleftes. 

" The Armatoli were originally a species of mi- 
litia, an establishment of the Byzantine empire, 
whose most important office was to keep the roads 
clear of robbers, and to guard the mountain passes, 

" The Kleftai or robbers, (and they gloried in 
the name) differed chiefly from the Armatoli in pre* 
ferring open rebellion and the adventurous life of 
marauders to any compromise with their Turkish 
masters. In fact, the only distinction vanished, 
when, as often happened, the discontented or op- 
pressed Armatole became a Kleft, or when it suited 
the Turkish Pachas to include them under one 
common title. Owing to this, the terms came to 
be often used indiscriminately ; and, in Thessaly, 
the word Kleft designated either, or both. 

" The Klefts were hardy to a degree scarcely 
credible. They had no fixed encampment, wan- 
dering in summer, among the higher, in winter, 
over the lower mountainous regions. But they had 
always a spot for rendezvous and occasional sojourn, 
situated near the armatolik, from which they had been 



ADDITIONAL NOTES, 251 

driven. When not engaged in an expedition, their 
chief resource for amusement was found in martial 
games, and particularly in firing at a mark. Constant 
practice in this led to a surprising degree of skill. 
The activity of their limbs equalled the correctness 
of their eye. Their powers of abstinence were not 
less surprising. A band of Klefts have been known 
to combat during three days and nights, without 
either eating, drinking, or sleeping." (History of 
Greece. Boston, 1827) 

Dr. Howe accounts for the numbers and deter- 
mined resolution of these Kiefti. 

" For these last four centuries Greece has suf- 
fered all that degrading oppression, which was to 
have been expected from Mussulman fanaticism. 
A regular system of tyranny was followed, which 
had for its object the prevention of intellectual im- 
provement, the suppression of Christianity, and the 
establishment of Mahometanism. The Greeks 
were subject to every kind of injury and insult ; 
they had no security for property or life ; a Turk 
might insult, strike, nay, kill them ; there was no 
redress; for the word of one Mussulman, backed 
by a bribe, would outweigh the evidence of a 
dozen Christian dogs. The form and colour of 
their dress was prescribed them ; and they were 
forbidden to wear particular colours, or garments* 
on pain of death. A Greek, ii seated in his shop, 
would have to rise and fold his arms meekly on his 
breast, as the meanest armed Turk passed him ; or 
if riding on horseback, he would have to dismount 
and make his obeisance to any soldier whom he 
might meet. Would you believe that a Greek 
then thought it a misfortune for his children to be 
beautiful? and would often keep them dirty and dis 



$52: ADDITIONAL NOTES. 

figured, lest they might attract the attention of some 
powerful Turk, who might tear them from him, for 
the gratification of his own brutal and unnatural 
lust ! Many a father and brother has been stabbed 
for resisting such an attempt, and many a one who 
dared to revenge it, has been driven to the moun- 
tains, to lead the life of a robber." (Dr. Howe's 
Address in New York, 1828.) 

Of the Chiefs of the Klettai Colocotroni is one 
of the worst. " Under him," says Col. Napier, 
sc every thing like systematic warfare is slighted, 
while folly, robbery and assassination take the lead. 
We may well ask, also, why has be not taken the 
Castle of the Morea ? it is weak to a degree ; the 
answer is plain, there is little or no plunder to be 
had in places having communication with the Turk« 
ish fleet, and for this reason they have not interested 
Colocotroni. 

"■ Trusting that I have given a just estimate of his 
character, I will leave him in the sincere hope that 
he may be crushed, for until he is, the cause of the 
Greeks will always be in danger." (Greece in 
1824.) 

" I have presented myself, (says Mr. Wadding- 
ion) three or four times at the levees of Coloco- 
troni, and have received from him repeated assu- 
rances of his peculiar respect for the English 
nation, and his attachment to its individual members ; 
and, in fact, he immediately provided me with an 
excellent lodging, which I could not otherwise have 
procured. These professions amuse me the more* 
as the old hypocrite is notoriously Anti-Anglican 
aid is continually and publicly accusing the 
British government of designs to occupy and enslave,. 
the Morea. Flis manners, however, to do him jus- 



ADDITIONAL NOTES. 253 

dee, are utterly devoid of urbanity, and, like his 
countenance and address, are precisely those which 
best become a distinguished captain of banditti." 

Waddington's Greece. 
Grivas and Fotomares are other noted chiefs of 
'he KleftaL 



No. IL 

Character of ther Turks and Greeks. 
" The Turk is a great pretender to honour and 
honesty in all things ; but he is cunning, lying, mis- 
chievous, insolent, and there is no better way to 
treat him than by being more insolent, which at 
once brings him to your feet ; if you pass a Turk in 
the street, and* civilly make way for him, the next 
time you meet, he jostles you, and calls you Chris- 
tian dog; but if you at first meeting thrust him into 
the mud, from that time forth he is perfectly civil 
to you ; and this holds good in all one's dealings 
with those people." — War in Greece, by Col. Napier, 

Character of the Greeks. 

" The Greek character, at the present moment, 
is unjustly said to be innately bad ; it is rather like 
a tract of rich uncultivated land, where numbers of 
noxious weeds shed their baneful influence on all 
around, owing their destructive luxuriance even to 
the excellence of the soil which they injure." 

" The Turkish sway has not, in four centuries, 
been able to eradicate from Greece, religion, pa- 
triotism, learning, courage, or industry; and she 
still maintains large tracts of country yet uncon« 
¥2 



254 / ADDITIONAL NOTES* 

quered. At this moment she is full of men highly 
endowed, and a powerful and general thirst for 
knowledge has filled the universities of Europe 
with Greek students, supported by the patriotic aid 
of their countrymen. 

" I do not say that the Greeks are pre-eminently 
industrious, brave, learned, patriotic, or religous; 
but I do say, that to possess these qualities a all, its 
a strong proof of their force of character, to those 
who know what the Turkish sway has been, and 
that it still is, with regard to civilization, an exter- 
minating principle. It is said that the Greeks lie, 
that they steal, that they assassinate : be it so ; but 
let it be asked, what can men do that have no pro- 
tection against conquerors, who, at pleasure, take 
from them their wives, their children, their fortunes,, 
and their lives 1 

cc They will lie, whose destruction follows the 
truth ; they will steal, from whom all has been 
stolen ; they will assassinate, who have no other 
protection against murderers. There was but one 
reproach against the Greeks : " Why do you not rise 
upon your tyrants?" and this reproach they have 
wiped away ; let it not he said, that a great people, 
struggling sword in hand for freedom, are a debased 
people ; say rather, that those surrounding nations 
who withhold their aid an* debased.* But it is a 
contest between the light of the nineteenth cen- 
tury and the remnant of the dark ages; and 
although the narrow politics of the day may leave 
Greece singly to fight the battle of civilization, let, 
her be assured that success eventually is certain. 
and that the glory will be her own." — War in Greece* 
hv Col Napier, 1821. 

*■ Ses additional note, No. IX, Missolongh? 



ADDITIONAL NOTES'. 255 

Dr. Howe, who has spent three years in Greece,, 
and thereby had an opportunity of seeing and 
knowing the Greek' character/ says : "Judge not 
the Greeks by the accounts given of them by Le- 
vant merchants, by naval officers, or other super- 
ficial travellers, who only see the Greeks in Con- 
stantinople, Smyrna, and other sea-ports, where 
they are mere slaves and rogues : by these the 
whole nation is judged, and condemned. But the 
Greek mountaineer and peasant, is honest, tempe- 
rate, industrious, and not behind any one, in natural 
shrewdness and intelligence. Mark the words of 
the noble Byron. c There is the money making 
Greek of the islands, the debased intriguing, and 
corrupted Greeks of towns on the continent ; but 
there is also the hardy Greek peasant, whose good 
qualities are the redeeming virtues of the whole po- 
pulation.' The more I became acquainted with 
the people, their language and manners, the more I 
became pleased with them, the more convinced that 
there is in the modern Greeks, that which, with 
liberty and education, will make them again a peo- 
ple remarkable for talent and taste. That there is 
yet spirit in the nation, sure the courage and obsti- 
nacy with which the present struggle has been car- 
ried on for seven years against enormous odds, suf- 
ficiently shows : that it can yet produce men of he- 
roic courage, and pure patriotism, the names of 
Botzaris, Miaulis, and Canaris will prove."-— Dr 
JJowe^s Jlddress in New-York ^ 



256 ADDITIONAL NOTES, 



No. III. 



Napoli and the Pallarnedi. 

" As the traveller enters Napoli from the ruing 
of Tiryns, the lion of St. Mark and the arms of the 
Republic over the gate remind him that he is about 
to enter a modern capital. On the left, the grand 
and lofty rock Pallarnedi rises precipitously, crowned 
with a strong fortress, some houses for the garrison, 
and a mosque. The ascent to the fort is by a 
covered passage of five hundred steps, which are cut 
in the rock. It is one of the strongest positions in 
Greece, and has been surnamed, from its situation 
and aspect, the Gibraltar of the Archipelago. c In 
appearance,' says Count Peechio, ■ it merits this 
epithet ; but with respect to its strength, I fear that 
it would be Gibraltar when in the hands of the 
Spaniards. 5 The view from the sea is described as 
very striking and beautiful. The harbour of Na- 
poli is forjued by the abrupt projection of a steep 
cliff across the northeastern side of the bay, and 
the howses rise up immediately from the water's 
edge along the northern side of the cliff, at the foot 
of the gigantic and abrupt rock. The Pallarnedi 
castles, in appearance impregnable, are seen crown- 
ing the summit ; they command both the town and 
the harbour. A palm tree raises its head above 
the turretted walls, « like the banner of the climate. 3 
Argos and its beautiful plain lie in front of the gulf, 
while the snowy summit of Taygetus rises on the 
left. 

" Mr. Waddington expresses his opinion, that 
when Greece shall be independent and united,, 
under whatsoever form of government, Napoli will 



ABDITIONAL NOTES. 257 

ae definitively selected as the seat of the Executive 
The vicinity of this city to the luxuriant plain of 
Argos on one side, and to the commercial islands 
of the Archipelago on the other, its unassailable 
strength, and the security of its port, mark it out 
distinctly for the capital of a mercantile country ; 
and such must Greece be, if it intend to be any 
thing. I can perceive, he adds, no other objection 
to it than the large marsh, which extends from the 
head of the gulf for two or three miies inland, and 
which renders the situation, at certain seasons, very 
unwholesome. But this evil will be rapidly re- 
moved as soon as ever Greek industry and enter- 
prise shall be directed by a vigorous and intelligent 
government. 55 — History of Greece, Boston, 1827, 



No. IV. 

fnvitation of the officers of the U. S. ship Erie, to J. 
P. Miller, to take passage ivith them from Smyrna 
to Candia. 

U. S. ship Erie, Bay of Smyrna, %\st May, 1826. 

Dear Sir, — We have received your kind note 
of this date, and feel proud at having formed jour 
acquaintance, — but regret extremely that circum- 
stances are such as render it impossible for you to 
accompany us. We are anxious to have you as a 
messmate, and when you received the invitation 
from the mess, it was unknown that the slightest 
objection could arise : but the Captain thinks the 
mere act of taking you on board would affect the 
neutrality of our flag. The Commodore is daily 
nxpected^ at which time we hope all objection? 



258 ADDITIONAL NOTES. 

may be obviated : and we shall then have the plea- 
sure of having you with us. We shall probably 
sail this evening for Candia ; and, should we not 
see you again in this quarter of the world, we hope 
to meet you in our own happy land. 

In conclusion, we beg leave to add, that as Ame- 
ricans we feel proud of you as our countryman — ■ 
gratified at hearing all foreigners, with whom we 
have conversed, speak in the most exalted terms 
of you. And our pride is heightened at the noble 
zeal and disinteiestedness you have exercised in 
the cause of Grecian liberty. You have done all 
for their cause an individual could do. It only re* 
mains for you to return to your native country, 
where, we hope, fortune and a long life of happi- 
ness await you.* 

We subscribe ourselves, truly, 

Your friends, 
J. H. BELL, 1st Lieut. 
G. B. M'CULLOCH, 1 
JOHN EVANS, \ u t$ 

J. B. MONTGOMERY, f LiUUKt 
S. W. LE COMPTE, J 
A. H. PERRY, Purser. 
WATERS SMITH, Surgeon, 
To J. P. Miller, Esq., Smyrna. 



No. VI. 

The island of Hydra and city. 
sc What a spot have you chosen for your coun- 
try I" said Mr. Waddington to Admiral Tombazi. 
ec It was liberty that chose the spot, not we," was 

* See page 38. 



ADDITIONAL NOTES. 250 

jj 

the patriot's ready reply. On a rock so utterly 
barren as scarcely to present on its whole surface 
a speck of verdure, rises in dazzling whiteness and 
beauty, this singularly interesting city. Seen in a 
summer's evening by moonlight, it is one of the 
most magnificent scenes imaginable. The white 
houses hanging in the form of an amphitheatre, 
upon a steep mountain, then appear like a mass of 
snow ; and the lights sparkling at a distance from 
the open windows " show like stars of gold on a 
silver ground." Hydra was not inhabited by the 
ancients. This little Venice of the iEgean sea has 
risen "like an exhalation 55 from the commercial 
enterprise and love of liberty to which the events 
of the last thirty years have given birth. " The 
harbour, from the abrupt sides and bottom of which 
the town starts up theatrically, 55 Mr. Waddington 
says, " is neither spacious nor secure : it is, in fact, 
a deep bay, situated on the western side of the 
island, and open to the west, having no nearer pro- 
tection from that quarter than the opposite coast of 
the Morea, which is between four and five miles 
distant. There are, besides, two other ports on 
the same side of the island at a short distance, the 
one on the north, and the other on the south of 
the city, in which most of the ships of war are laid 
ap during the winter ; and to many of the rest 
very secure anchorage is afforded by the neigh* 
bouring and dependent island of Poros. All these 
three ports are, I am assured, superior to that on 
which the city stands ; at any rate, they very 
amply supply its imperfections. 

" The harbour, thoigh constantly crowded, con- 
tains only such vessels of the fleet as have returned 
for repairs, or a few Ionian and Maltese crafts, that 



260 ADDITIONAL NOTES, 

carry on a petty trade in corn. The glorious share 
which this little island has taken in the regeneration 
of Greece, has brought it so conspicuously into no- 
tice, that its history is well known. A few fishermen 
and others, forced from the neighbouring continent 
by the oppression of the Turks, raised the first nu- 
cleus'of a town ; to which afterwards crowded num« 
bers of others from Albania and Attica, in similar cir- 
cumstances. The descendants of these, together with 
the refugees who took shelter here after the unsuc- 
cessful expedition of the Russians to the Morea* 
form the present population of the island. Their 
commerce, before the commencement of the French 
revolution, was a mere trifle ; consisting solely of 
a little traffic, in small coasters, with the neighbour- 
ing islands. When, however, the French were 
shut out from the Baltic, the supplying them with 
corn from the Archipelago was chiefly in the hands 
of the Hydriotes. It was then that they first com- 
menced building large vessels, in which they after- 
wards carried their commerce as far as England 
and America. In 18i6, according to Mons. Pou- 
gueville, they possessed 1°20 vessels, of which forty 
were of 400 and 600 tons burthen : the number is 
now considerably increased, and all are employed 
in the glorious task of liberating their country. — - 
Their services in this struggle are more honourable, 
as their interference is the pure offspring of patriot- 
ism, and not the etfects of oppression. For many 
years they had purchased from the Porte the liberty 
of governing themselves. No Turk was resident 
on the island, nor ever suffered to advance into the 
town beyond the quay : their tribute in money was 
a mere trifle, and their only grievance, an obliga- 
tion to furnish annually 150 sailors for the Ottoman 



ADDITIONAL NOTES, 



fleet, in which also many of themselves were serv* 
ing through choice, and even a few had been ad* 
vanced to the rank of Captain Pacha."— History 
•of Greece, Boston, 1827,, 



No. VII. 

The Island of Spetzia. 
The island of Spetzia is described by Mr. Emer- 
son as " almost a miniature likeness of Hydra; 5 ' 
less rocky, indeed, and better cultivated, but similar 
in its origin and character. The town is built on 
the eastern shore of the island, and contained, m 
1825, about 3,000 inhabitants. Its streets are bet- 
ter than those of Hydra, its houses equally good* 
and the same taste for comfort and cleanliness pre- 
vails here. From its situation, the place is almost 
incapable of defence, and the few useless batceries 
which lie along the shore had been for the most 
part dismantled, for the sake of placing the guns in 
their ships of war. The dependence of the Spet« 
ziotes rested on the narrowness of the strait which 
separates their island from the Morea, the dread 
entertained by the Turks of their fire-ships in so 
narrow a channel, and the facilities of obtaining 
succours, or making their es ape. Spetzia has 
furnished sixteen ships for ttu Greek navy $ besides 
two fire-ships ; Hydra has furnished forty ; the re- 
mainder are the remnants of the Ipsariot squadron. 
Jealous of the superior power and means which 
have qualified the Hydriotes to take the lead in 
the affairs of Greece, the Spetziotes, Mr* Emerson 
savsc have never ceased to manifest their discontent 
Z 



%Q% ADDITIONAL NOTES. 

i6 With their own Admiral, their own system of dis* 
cipline, and even their own code of signals, their 
squadron always sailing in a body and aloof from 
the rest, they seem an appendage rather than a part 
of the fleet ; and have never failed to disobey any 
orders, or rather, to refuse any requests, of the Hy« 
driote commander, which have not coincided with 
their own views of interest, advantage, or conve- 
nience. The unfortunate Ipsariots, on the contrary, 
with no longer any native land to fight for, no na« 
lional superiority to support, deprived of kindred 
and connexion, and, in fact, isolated beings, cast 
upon the world and their own exertion, with no 
spot of earth which they can claim as their own ; 
only struggling to liberate a land where they can 
again place the remnants of their families and for- 
tunes, in some spot which they may yet be able to 
call by the endearing name of home. Aloof from 
all faction, and swayed by no contending interests, 
these men have ever displayed the most undaunted 
bravery, and have gladly coalesced in every mea- 
sure proposed for the common advantage. They 
have consequently united themselves with the most 
efficient body, the Hydriotes, and have, in common 
with them, shared the envy and ill-offices of their 
countrymen in Spetzia.' 9 — History of Greece, Bos* 
ion, 18^7. 



No. VIII. 

Island of JEgina. 
The island of iEgina is pronounced by Sir Wm< 
Gell ? H one of the most interesting spots in Greece/" 



ADDITIONAL NOTES. 

It lias of late years been rising into importance and 
prosperity, owing to its connection with the com* 
merce of Hydra. The inhabitants had formerly 
lived chiefly in a city built by the Venetians upoft 
a mountain in the interior ; but the love of com- 
merce induced them to prefer the sea-shore, and 
they accordingly chose the site of the ancient 
iEgina. Here in 1825 the emigrations caused by 
the revolutions, had assembled a mixed population 
of about 10,000 m reeks, from all parts. To these 
were subsequently added about one thousand Ipsa- 
riots, who, after the catastrophe which befel their 
island in 1824, sought an asylum here, where those 
who had preserved any property, continued to pro- 
secute their maritime and commercial employ- 
ments. Ipsara is an arid, sterile rock ; iEgina, on 
the contrary, is a beautiful island, fertile, well cul- 
tivated, and under a delightful sky ; yet still Count 
Pecchio states, the Ipsariots sighed for their barren 
island. — History of Greece. 

In 1827, the population of iEgina was greatly 
increased by the refugees from the Morea, and 
particularly from Athens, after its fall. 



No. IX. 

Missolonghi. 
Missolonghi fell into the hands of the Turks on 
the 23d April 1826, " after a resolute and perse* 
yering defence which has few parallels in history. 
The steadiness with which the garrison and in- 
habitants resisted all attempts to induce them tor 
make a voluntary surrender, may be considered a* 



#©4 ADDITIONAL NOTES. 

additional proof to the many which the war has ak 
forded, that the Greeks, although they may be in 
time exterminated by a vastly superior power, can~ 
not be brought to submission, under the most ap- 
palling circumstances, to the Ottoman joke. Of 
the sufferings endured by the inhabitants of this rich 
and populous city, the world knows little, as no 
satisfactory account of the incidents of the siege 
has been published. The following letter from 
Mr. Mayer, a Swiss, and one of the hundred and 
thirty persons who perished in the last defence of 
Missolonghi, written a few days before his death, 
will serve to show the spirit which animated the 
Inhabitants. 

" The labours which we have undergone, and a 
wound which I have receiver! in the shoulder, while 
I am in expectation of one which will be my pass* 
port to eternity, have prevented me till now from 
bidding you my last adieu. We are reduced to 
feed upon the most disgusting animals — we are suf- 
fering horribly from hunger and thirst. Sickness 
adds much to the calamities which overwhelm us. 
Seventeen hundred and forty of our brothers are 
dead. More than a hundred thousand bombs and 
balls, thrown by the enemy, have destroyed our 
bastions and our houses. We have been terribly 
distressed by the cold, for we have suffered great 
want of food. Notwithstanding so many privations, 
it is a great and noble spectacle to witness the ar- 
dour and devotedness of the garrison, A few days 
more, and these brave men will be angelic spirits, 
who will accuse before God the indifference of 
Christendom for a cause which is that of religion. 
All the Albanians who had deserted from the stand- 
ard of Reschid Pacha, have now rallied under that 



ADDITIONAL NOTES, 261 

of Ibrahim. In the name of all our brave men* 
among wham are Notha Botzaris, Travellas, Pa« 
padia-Mautopolas, and myself whom the Govern* 
ment has appointed General to a body of its troops* 
I announce to you the resolution, sworn to before 
Heaven, to defend foot by foot the land of Misso- 
kmghi, and to bury ourselves without listening to 
any capitulation under the ruins of this city. We 
are drawing near our final hour. History will ren- 
der us justice — posterity will weep over our mis* 
fortunes. I am proud to think that the blood of a 
Swiss, of a child of William Tell, is about to mingle 
with that of the heroes of Greece. May the rela- 
tion of the siege of Missolonghi, which I have writ- 
ten, survive me. I have made several copies of it, 
Cause this letter, dear S***, to be inserted in some 
journal." 

Hist, of Greece, 



25B 



( 266 y 
REPORT 

Of the Executive Greek Committee of '1827. 

The Executive Greek Committee of the city of 
New- York, appointed in 1827, in conformity to the 
pledge given at the time of their appointment, of 
rendering an account of the trust reposed in them* 
Bow have the pleasure of communicating such in- 
formation as will satisfy all the donors to the sacred 
fund (for the relief of the Greeks), that their best 
exertions have been used to apply the donations to 
the relief of the old men, women, and children, and 
that they have been principally so applied. 

It will be recollected that the meeting of Citizens^ 
from which they derived authority, was held at the 
City Hotel in Broadway, on the 6th January, 1827, 
of which meeting Stephen Allen, Esq. was Chair- 
man, and Isaac Carew, Esq. Secretary. More than 
fifty individuals were appointed to constitute the 
New-York Greek Committee. At a subsequent 
meeting of this Committee, it was deemed advisable 
to constitute an Executive Committee, to perform the 
more laborious duties of the trust, and to be ad- 
vised and assisted by occasional meetings of the 
whole Committee. The Executive Committee ac- 
cordingly commenced the duties enjoined upon 
ihem by issuing the following Address, which was 
published in the papers^ and distributed in the- form. 
of a- circular. 



REPORT, 26? 



ADDRESS 



New-York, January 10, 1827. 

The Committee for the relief of the Greeks 5 
appointed at a meeting of Citizens* convened in thi& 
city on the evening of the 6th instant, take the 
liberty of addressing you on the subject of their ap- 
pointment. You are, no doubt, aware of the in« 
formation received some weeks since in this coun. 
try, from the most authentic sources, that the bar- 
barous foe of Greece has left her no agriculture, no 
commerce, no arts. That while her able-bodied 
men are keeping at bay an enemy, the fruits of 
whose final success will be brutal violence and in« 
discriminate massacre ; her women, and children, 
and old men are feeding on acorns in the moun- 
tains, and unless promptly relieved by their Chris- 
tian brethren of other nations, will be driven to ex- 
perience the horrors of famine. 

Impelled by circumstances of this urgent cha- 
racter, the inhabitants of Greece appeal to all- 
Christian nations, not for arms, nor munitions of 
war, but for a grant of the bare necessaries of life, 
They who make this appeal are Christians, who 
have been subjected to the most arbitrary and ca- 
pricious tyranny for centuries, because they would 
Bot abandon their own religious faith, and adopt 
that of their masters. They are contending for 
civil and religious liberty. The exertions they have 
made, the sufferings and sacrifices to which they 
have submitted in a war, nearly as long already as 
our own revolutionary struggle, prove them worthy 
flie object for which they eonte&d; ancU above all 
they are hungry and naked, 



£68 RfcPORTV 

In applying to their Christian brethren of this 
republic, they appeal to a people whose liberty 
was won by exertions and sacrifices of the same 
character with those they are now making, but of 
far less amount — to a people, who, as a conse- 
quence of the freedom thus won, abound in all the 
necessaries and comforts of social existence. Shall 
this appeal be in vain 1 

You will please to give this subject as much 
publicity as you conveniently can ; and the pro- 
priety of calling a public meeting in your city or 
town, in aid of the main object, is respectfully sub- 
mitted to your consideration. 

The committee hope to have it in their power, 
within a short time, to despatch one or more vessels 
to Greece, laden with provisions and clothing, as it 
is not their intention to send any money out of the 
country. Should you think proper to forward to 
the undersigned, or any of them, a contribution of 
provisions, clothing, or money, they pledge them* 
selves to use their best exertions to appropriate it a 
without diminution or abatement, to the sole object 
of feeding and clothing the necessitous inhabitants of 
Greece. 

The effect of this appeal was immediate and sen* 
sible, for in the course of the month of January 
more than six thousand dollars were collected, prin* 
dpally in the city of New- York, and information 
was received that exertions were making in all parts 
of the country to raise contributions in provisions, 
clothing, and money. They were therefore led to 
believe that there would soon be means at their dis* 
posal to load a vessel with provisions and clothing 
• be sent to the suffering inhabitants of Greeeec 



REPORT, 260 

It was an object of solicitude with the Committee 
to have the donations properly applied to the suf- 
fering women, children, old men, and non-com« 
batants of Greece, and not delivered to the go- 
vernment nor the military. With this view it was 
necessary to send out the donations in charge of an 
agent, who should attend to the personal distribu- 
tion, and be ahle to satisfy the Committee and the 
donors on his return, of the faithful application of 
their gifts. The Committee addressed themselves 
to the Hon. Messrs. Webster and Everett of Bos- 
ton, then in Congress at Washington Cily, and in 
addition to information touching the points of in- 
quiry about supplies for Greece, they received a 
strong recommendation in favour of J. P. Miller of 
Vermont, to be requested to undertake the agency* 

The Committee accordingly applied to Mr. Mil- 
ler, and in the latter part of February received hi^ 
reply, accepting the invitation. He arrived in 
New-York on the 5th March, and sailed in the ship 
Chancellor, as supercargo, on the 10th. 

A second vessel was despatched on the 12th May,.. 
1827. This was the brig Six Brothers, in which 
Mr. John R. Stuvvesant, of New-York, went out 
as supercargo, and to act conjointly with Mr, 
Miller in the distribution* 

The brig Jane sailed with the third cargo on the 
14th September, 1827. Mr. Henry A. V. Post, of 
New- York, went supercargo of the Jane with in- 
structions to act conjointly with the other agents. 

These agents have all returned, and Mr. Miller 
who acted as principal, and remained in Greece 
longer than the others, and who also assisted 
in the distribution of the cargoes sent from Phi- 
ladelphia and Boston^ has kept and presented a 



370 REPORT. 

detailed account of his proceedings in the form offc 
journal, which gives a satisfactory account of the 
time, place, and manner, in which the provisions 
and clothing were distributed. 

The Committee being highly pleased and satis* 
lied with the various reports from their several 
agents, and with their faithful performance of the 
difficult and delicate trust reposed in them, take this 
opportunity of expressing their thanks and the 
thanks of the donors, to the said agents generally 
and severally. 

Mr. Miller having been advised to publish his 
journal, this Committee take pleasure in recom- 
mending it to all who have contributed to the 
Greek fund, as it will thereby become evident to 
them, that this Committee has been fortunate in 
the selection of their agents, and that the donations 
shipped from New-York to the suffering inhabitants 
of Greece, have been mainly distributed to the 
women, children, and old men, as far forth as the 
agents were able to accomplish their instructions ; 
and that for the exceptions they are by no means 
censurable. 

Having now settled all the expenses attendant 
upon their trust, the Committee have closed their 
accounts by paying over the balance in their hands 
to the Greek Committee of 1828, of which Mr, 
George Griswold is Chairman. 

For the satisfaction of the contributors to the 
Greek fund of 1827, the Committee hereunto annex 
an account current of the receipts and expenditures, 
and also a particular list and statement of the con- 
tributions in money, clothing, and provisions, from 
different parts of the country. 

Before closing, it is but justice to add, that they 



REPORT, 211 

owe an acknowledgment to the proprietors of 
some of the Canal boats, on the New-York Canals* 
for the gratuitous transportation of donations from 
the interior, and of the steam boats on the 
Hudson river, of transportation from Albany to 
New- York The Committee owe a similar obliga- 
tion to several gentlemen in New- York, for the free 
use of their stores in storing the donations in goods 
until they were shipped : and also to the Editors 
of the several papers in the city, for advertising 
without charge. The expenses which would have 
occurred, if charges had been made, would have 
amounted to several hundred dollars, and may be 
•considered as so much added to the donations. 
Respectfully submitted, 
LYNDE CATLLN, 
STEPHEN ALLEN, 
GEO. GRISWOLD, 
JAMES L JONES, 
PRESERVED FISH, 
PETER SHARPE, 
HIRAM KETCHUM, 
F. VANDENBURGH, 
FRED. SHELDON. f KJ 






272 ) 



The Merchants 9 Bank of New- York in account with 
the New- York Executive Greek Committee.— -Dr. 



1827. $ ctSc 
Jan. 30. — To amount of sundry collections received 

this month. 6231 31 

Feb. 28.— ..Do. do 5869 14 

Mar. 31. Do. do 9959 18 

April 30. Do. do 5144 07 

May 31. Do. do 1541 10 

June 30.— .. Do. do 368 20 

July 30.— ..Do. do... 5876 75 

Aug. 31.— . . Do. do 280 12 

Sept. 30.— .. Do. do 854 02 

Oct. 25.— .. Do. do 60 41 

1828. 

Mar. 10. — . . Balance returned by J. R. Stuyvesant. . 20 00 

#36,209 30 



Merchants* Bank Cr* 



1827. $ cU, 
March 5. — By amt. paid Foster & Giraud for 150 casks 

rice, as per bill $3208 08 

6.— • • James Bishop for 200 bbls. kiln-dried 

corn-meal 756 00 

. . Robert M. Penoyer for 500 bbls. flour. 2770 00 

7.— . . David Lydig & Son for 85 balf-bbls. flour 253 09 
.. Rogers & Jones for 120 hf-bbls. sup. flour 342 30 
• • J. & A. Wilson for 400 bbls. and 50 

half bbls. navy bread 136125 

8.— • . J. P- Miller's expenses from Vermont. . 24 00 

. . Isaac Frost for 392 bbls flour 2030 18 

.. Mr. Miller's expenses as Supercargo . . 300 00 
9. — . . Silas Holmes, freight and stores of ship 

Chancellor 4128 96 

. . J. Smitb, cartage of provisions to the C. 50 75 
c. N. Y. Ins. Co. premium on $5000 cargo 

of the ship Chancellor 76 25 



Amount carried over, $15,300 S6 



( 273 ) 

Merchants' Bank O. — continued. 

1827. . B els, 
Amount brought forward, 15,300 86 
March 9.— By amt, paid Niagara Ins. Co. for premium 

on freight of ship Chancellor 62 75 

. . Bill of stationary for agent and super- 
cargo 13 00 

16. — .. Neptune Ins. Co. premium on $3700 of 

the cargo of the ship Chancellor ... 56 75 
22. — ..For counterfeit note, and discount on 

uncurrent money . , . . , . 21 84 

24. — . . J- Seymour, printing circulars to Clergy 3 75 

30. — . . Cartage of fish to store .... 50 

31. — . . National ins. Co. premium on $5000 of 

the cargo of the Chancellor 76 25 

April 14. — . . For 300 copies of the Spectator 12 00 

27. — . . Foster & Giraud for 35 tierces of rice . 627 27 

Do. 15 do 321 74 

28.— . . M. & J. Brett for 100 bb?s. mackerel. . 519 75 

May 2.— . . Walter R. Wood for 100 bbls. sup. flour 522 75 
3.— . . J. & A. Wilson for 100 bbls. and 100 

half-bbls. navy bread 555 66 

.. T.Buckley & Son for 4 Hj bbls. corn-meal 1250 00 

5. — . . Jesse West's bill of cooperage 8 65 

8.— . . J. Smith's bill of cartage 31 25 

. . Ja nes Bishop for 292 bbls. Indian-meal 921 26 

• . Hatfield Smith for 521 bbls. corn meal, . 1643 75 
12. — . . Niagara Ins. Co. premium on $4000 of 

trie cargo of the brig Six Brothers . . 117 62 
• . John R. Stuy vesant's expenses as Super- 
cargo. 150 00 

14. — . . J. West's bill of cooperage .-. . . 3 55 

. . American Ins. Co. premium on $5000 

of the cargo of the Six Brothers. . . . 146 72 
«. Union Ins Corn. prem. on 7600 dolls. 

of the cargo of the Six Brothers . . . 222 37 
• • Davis & Brooks for freight of cargo of 

SixBrothers 3S41 47 

. . William & Newton bill of freight and 

cartage. .... 12 31 

21. — . . F. Woodward bill of cartage 3 25 

26. — . . Davis & Brooks for clothing a Greek boy 20 00 

June 8.—.. Steam-boat Com. for freight of flour.. 1175 
14.—.. Freight of flour and provisions from 

Buffalo ... 59 94 

26,538 n 

Aa 



( 274 ) 

Merchants 9 Bank Cr — Continued. 
1827. 9 cts s 

Amount brought forward 26,558 76 

June 22. — . . Discount on uneurrent notes 29 59 

. . Sundry items as by statement 9 38 

27.-—.. Steam Nav. Com. freight oi flour, &c. 42 90 

Augt. 8. — . . Discount on uneurrent money 6 17 

31.— . . Miles C. Smith for 240 bbls. corn-meal. 722 40 

Sept. 5. — . . Cartage of 7 loads to brig Jane 1 75 

. . Thos. Buckley & Son for 500 bbls. corn 

meal and 50 half bbls. flour 1647 00 

. S. Penny & Son for 400 bbls. corn meal. 1216 00 
7.—. . Rogers & Jones for M) half bb!s. flour. 130 50 
8.—. . T, Buckley & Son for 10 half bbls. flour 25 40 
. . Wm. Branden for cartage 178 loads 

sundries.... . . • .. 39 69 

11. — .. Saml. Candler & Co- for freight of the 

cargo of the brig Jane, Capt. Proctor. 3140 83 
« . Henry A. V. Post expenses as super- 
cargo. . 150 00 

. . Steam Navigation Com. for amt. of two 
bills of expense on goods put on board 

the Jane 30 40 

12.- — .. American Insurance Com prem. on 

cargo of the Jane 289 79 

.. Heart, Herriek& Co. for bill of sundries. 54 12 
13. — .. Neptune Insurance Com. prem. on 

freight of brig Jane 116 64 

24.—. . Ten Brook & Wilson for bill of sundries. 32 27 

. . S. Allen for bill of cartage & postage. . 9 93 

Feb. 21. — •. . John Ahern for copying papers, &c. . . 30 00 

April 8.— . . E. Corse for bill of sundries 21 87 

IS. — . . Saml. Candler for port charges of brig 
Jane at Gibraltar, and in Greece, and 
for passage of Dr. Howe, J. R. Stuy- 
vesant, and Greek boy from Poros, 

and hospital fees 306 25 

May 30. — . . Mr. Miller's expenses returning from 

Greece 230 00 

June 7. — .. C. Jenning's bill for Mr. Miller's board 46 69 
July *—. . Bal. of Mr. Post's bill for passage home. 91 59 
• . Compiling and arranging donations, &c. 100 00 
. • Bal. to Gr. Com. of 1828, Geo. Griswold, 

Chairman . . , 1149 38 

36,809 30 



[ 275 ] 



ACCOUNT OF THE DONATIONS 

Constituting the three several Cargoes of the Ship 
Chancellor, the Brig Six- Brothers, and the Brig 
Jane* sent to the relief of the suffering Greeks, by 
the Executive Greek Committee of the City of Netv- 
York, in 1827. 

Donations in Money collected in the City* 



A. 

Stephen Allen . $100 00 

John J. Astor . . . 100 00 

Wm. B. Astor . . 30 00 
Andrews,Thompson,& Co. 25 00 

John Anthon . , . 20 00 

Hugh Auchincloss . . 10 00 

Sarah E. Austin . . 10 00 

John Adams . . . 10 00 

Ephraim Adams . . 10 00 

B. Ay mar & Co. . . 10 00 

Aikemau & Millen . . 10 00 

Arnold & Rose . 5 00 

Elijah Anderson . 1 00 

George Armstrong . 3 00 

J. & L. Aikeman . i 00 

H. Averill . . . 5 00 

A. Arnoux . . . 5 00 

Gabriel Arnoux . 2 00 

Smith W. Anderson . 5 00 

James Anderson • 5 00 

John S. Avery . 5 00 

J. Van Arsedaie . 1 00 

G. W. Arnold . . 2 00 

G. Allen . . . 5 00 

Allen & Peck . . 5 00 

B. 

Edward Boisgerard by 
his friend, he being ab- 
sent . . . - 100 00 
James Boggs . . . 50 00 
J Boorman . . . 50 00 
Isaac Bronson . . 50 00 
J. Balastier& Co. . . 25 00 
James Brown . . . 25 00 
Robert Buioid . . 20 00 



Burkle Brothers 
Blood & Cleveland . 
Bartiet and Bickly • 
Mr. Berrian . 
Barn* & Halliburton 
Wm. Baker . 
Bostwick & Peel . 
David Baker . 
James W. Bleecker 
P. Bishop 

J. M. Bradhurst . 
Mrs. Harriet L. Brown 
T. W. T. Bickneii . 
J. S. Brainerd 
George F. Butier . 
£. Benedict . 
Henry Burgy . 
Silas Brown . 
Wm. Bran 
Gen. T. Bailey 
C. Belden 
Mr. Bidwell . 
Joseph Blunt . 
George Buckmaster 
Ber*h & I vers 
Henry W. Bool . 
Theodosius Brett . 
Curtis Bolton 
J. Barrell . . . 
Michael Burnham . 
M»;igs D. Benjamin 
Behr&Kahl . 
J Brewster . 
G. L. Baldwin & Co, 
George A. Butt 
W. M. & J. Benjamin 
E. Babcock . 



. $20 00 


. 2 00 


. 3 00 


. 2 00 


. 10 00 


. 5 00 


. 3 00 


. 10 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 10 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 10 00 


• 2 00 


. 4 00 


. 2 00 


. 5 00 


. 10 00 


. 6 00 


. 3 00 


. 10 00 


. 1 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 10 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 500 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 1 00 



276 



DONATIONS. 



James Bleecker . . $5 00 

J. Blackstock . . . 5 00 

Eache & M'Eevers . 5 00 

J. Bonfanti . . . 2 00 

G. Bushneli . . . 1 00 

X.. Betts. . . . . 2 00 

B. B. Brown . . . 2 00 

Capt. Baker . . • 1 00 

C. 

John G. Coster . . 100 00 

Lynde Catlin ... 50 00 

Isaac Carow . . . 50 00 

Collection by Alex. Knox 7 60 

Capt. Obadiah Congar . 10 00 

Champion by A. Lathrop 2 00 

Mr. Crane . . . 2 00 

E. Cauldwell . . . 3 00 

Curtis & Holmes . . 10 00 

P« ter Crary . . . 25 (JO 

John Crumby . . .25 00 

H. Chevrolat, Jim. . . 10 00 

Collins & Hannay . 5 00 

Thomas L. Clarke .. . 5 00 

J. Clarke . . . 5 00 

W. & Cleveland . . 5 00 

H. & H. Canfield . . 5 00 

H. L. Champiin . . 10 00 

Israel Corse . . . 10 00 

Samuel Cowdrey . 5 00 

Thomas S. Clarkson . 5 00 

Lewis Curtis . . . 10 00 

F A. Clarke . . . 5 00 

Cushman & Falconer . 5 00 

Cash by a Gentleman . 20 00 

Wm. B. Crosby . . 5 00 

Casilear & Ruckle . . 5 00 

Wm. Chardavoyne . 5 00 

Peter C onrey . . . 2 00 

H. Chardavoyne . . 2 00 

P. Canfield . . . 5 00 

Thomas S. Cargill . . 1 00 

J. & J. Cox . . .5 00 

Clarke & Brown . . 10 00 

IS D. Chamberlain . 1 00 

Robert Cochran , 1 00 

W. Carr . . . 1 00 
Cash trom sundry persons 

without name . . 332 87 § 

John S. Conger . . 5 00 

Isaac U. Coles . . 10 00 

Samuel Cooper « 5 00 

*. R, Cole . . . 1 00 



Cook & Manning . . p Ot 

John Crerar . . 3 00 

Chagot& Solli . . 2 00 

Cumming & Co. . . 10 00 

C. Cuenhoven . . 1 00 
Cochran & Adams , 3 00 
Dr. J. C Cheesman . 10 CO 
James Campbell . 5 00 

Da 

Henry W. Delavan . . 100 00 

Robert Donaldson . . 100 00 

D. B. Dash . . . 50 00 
Francis Depeau . . 25 00 
Cornelius Dubois . . 20 00 
Davis & Brooks . . 10 00 
John Drake . . . 10 00 
Thomas Darling • . 10 00 
George Douglas . . 15 00 
Anthony Dey . . . 10 00 

E. W. Dunham & Co. . 3 00 
Henrv Degroot . 5 00 
M. D. Sen. . . . 5 00 
M. D. Jun. . . . 5 00 
John Delancy . 5 00 
C. & L. Dennisen . . 3 00 
Mr. Dempsey . . 1 00 
Dubois & Stodart . , 3 00 
Benjamin Demilt . 5 00 
S. Demilt . . . 5 00 
R. Dart . . . . 2 00 
Dr. B B. Dorrance . 2 00 
Dawson & Brothers . 5 00 
Dodge & Green . . 2 00 

E.. 

Ogden Edwards . . 25 00 

T. A. Emmet . . 20 00 

T. A. Emmet, Jun. . 10 00 

Edgar & Baker . . 10 00 

Mr. Everson . . . 2 00 

J. Evans . . 2 00 

Richard Ely . . . 5 00 

Israel Horsefield . 2 00 

T. Hewitt & Son . . 3 00 

F. 
P Fish & S. Hicks (Coll.) 100 00 



A Friend 



of Greece 
to the cause 



100 00 

20 00 

10 00 

1 00 

3 00 

3 00 



DONATIONS. 



&Ti 



4 Friend to religion and 
humanity and a friend 
to the Greeks . . $50 00 

A Friend, by Mr. Stoue . 11 50 
" to the Greeks, 

by Mr. Allen . . 8 52 

Jno. R. French . 1 00 

Gabriel Furman . . 10 00 

Field, Thompson, & Co. 5 00 

Augustus Flemiug . . 10 00 

H W. Field . . . 50 00 

Henry H Fenton . . 10 00 

Preserved Fish . . 25 0< 

Wra. M. Fish . . 5 00 

J. Foulke . . , 10 00 

S. VV. Fickett . . 10 00 

Benjamin Ferris . . 20 00 

Job Furman . . . 3 00 

Fellows & Rind . . 10 00 

E. G Faill & Co. . . 6 00 

Farden & Bakewell . 5 00 

De Forest & Son . . 15 00 

Farran & N. Bunce . 1 00 

E. Fountain . . . 5 00 

Col. Nicholas Fish . . 20 00 

Theodosius Fowler . 5 00 

Moses Field ... 10 00 

Luke O. Fay . . . 5 00 



Green & Wetmore . . 50 00 

George Griffin . . 50 00 

Jonathan Goodhue . . 25 00 

George Griswold . . 50 00 

James Goddard . . 20 00 
^Ji Gentleman, by Daniel 

Oakley . . .25 00 

A Geutleman, by E White 5 00 

A. S. Glass & Gerards . 3 00 

JohnGrimshaw . . 10 00 

John Gibson . . 3 00 

John Glover . . 5 00 

Henry Grinnel . . 10 00 

Moses H. Grinnel . . 10 00 

Gaillard & Gravillon . 10 00 

Robt. Gill & Co. . . 10 00 

Charles Green . . 5 00 

James W. Gerard • 5 00 

J. O. Green . . . 3 00 

Francis Gross . . 3 00 

Samuel Griffing . 1 00 

C. Gascoigne . . . 3 00 

Samuel Grace . • . 5 00 

A 



RH Goodwin . 

Mrs. Gognet ♦ 

j. Gemmii . . 

James Gourlay 

Stephen Griggs 

A. Young Gentleman, by 

Mr. Allen . 
A Gentleman . 



. T. Gilbert, 
and sisters . 



brothers 



#5 00 
1 00 

1 00 
5 00 
5 00 

2 00 
5 00 
1 50 

5 00 



II. 



Goold Hoyt . . . 50 00 

G. G. & S. H, . . 50 00 

John Hone & Sons . . 50 00 

Hamilton, Donaldson, & 

Co 50 00 

James K. Hamilton , 10 00 

Hyer& Black . .5 00 

Cornelius Hever . . 20 00 

John H <£g?rry . . 25 00 

Thomas Hazard, Jun. . 20 CO 

John Heath . . . 3 00 

Calvin VV. Howe . . 10 00 

Elijah Humphries . 5 00 

Hei>rv Hepburn . 5 00 

Robert Hyslop . 5 00 

Halsted & Haines . . 10 00 

Wm. Howard . . . 10 00 

J, Heard . . . 20 00 

Hint on & Moore . . 20 00 

Vu»Hstus Hammitt . 5 00 

K Hisrgins . . .5 00 

Mr. Hammersly . 3 00 

W. S. Hart . . . 10 00 

Aaron A. Hand . , 1 00 

Benjamin Haight . 3 00 

John Hunter . , . 25 00 

Dr. Dav d Hosack . , 25 00 

Timothy Hedges . . 20 00 

H. P. Havens . . 3 00 

P. & L. Halsey . . 10 00 

John Hance . . 1 00 

A. D. Hall . . . 1 00 

R. E. Handy . . . 5 00 

Miles Hitchcock . . 5 00 

R. I. Hutchinson . 5 00 

D. L. & I. E. Haight . 5 00 

Paulus Hedl . # . 4 00 

L. Holbrook & Co. , 5 00 

Harper, Arcularius, & Co. 5 00 

Hallet & Walker . . 4 00 

a 2: 



378 



DONATIONS. 



L. Hart . 


. 01 00 


Peter Hageman 


. 1 00 


James Hunter • 


. 2 00 


L I. Hoyt 


. b 00 


O. Hull & Co. 


. 2 CO' 


James Hay, Jun. , 


. 5 00 


Lewis Hart man 


. 5 00 


J. T. Harrison 


. 20 00 


Hernick & Co. 


. 3 S8 


I & J. 




Edward R. Jones . 


. 50 00 


John Johnson . 


. 50 00 


James J. Jones . 


. 50 00 


Thomas Irvin . 


. 10 00 


John T. Irving 


. 50 00 


Isaac Jones 


. 10 00 


Peter A. Jay . 


. 10 CO 


Joseph Shepherd James 


. 10 00 


F. U. Johnson 


. 5 00 


T. I. . 


. 5 00 


S. J. Joseph • 


. 5 GO 


J. L, Joseph . 


. 5 00 


John Jewitt . . 


. 5 00 


John C. Johnson 


. 5 00 


Edward Jessup 


. 1 00 


Ebenezer Irving 


, 5 00 


L. G. Irving . . , 


2 00 


Walter R. Jones . 


■ 5 00 


K. 




Kellogg & Baldwin • 


, 25 00 


Charles King . . 


20 00 


James Kerrison . 


10 00 


I. G. King . 


, 25 00 


Henry Kneeland 


. 50 00 


John & W. Kelly . 


10 00 


Joseph Kernochan . 


. 20 00 


William Ktimhle 


2 00 


Shepherd Knapp 


5 00 


John D. Keese 


. 5 00 


Kip & Vanpelt 


. 1 00 


Timothy Knower . 


5 CO 


Thomas E. Kerrison 


2 00 


Alexander Knox 


3 00 


L* 




Isaac Lawrence 


100 00 


A Lady by R. S. * 


60 00 


O. M. Lownds 


15 00 


A. R. Lord , 


2 00 


John Lloyd . 


5 00 


George Laurie 


10 00 



Richard M. Lawrence . 

Cornelius W. Lawrence . 

John L. Lawrence 

John W. Leavitt 

A. H. Lawrence & Co. 

1VJ. Levi . 

Cornelius Low 

Nicholas Low 

A Lady . 

A Lady by Mr. Allen 

Henry Laverty 

David Lydig . 

John B. Lawrence 

Lewis Lay & Co. 

L & P. . 

David Lee 

Gideon Lee . 

George Lorillard 

Peter Lorillard 

Johnston P. Lee 

Otis Loomis . 

Rufus Leavitt . 

Rufus L. Lord 

Thomas Lord . 

Mrs. Lynch . 

Mrs. Leavenworth 

Edward Lyon . 

H. Le Roy. 

Thomas Lyon . 

Stephen Lyon . 

John Leveridge 

Mr, Latham . 

Thomas Leggett 

James Leary . 

J. B. Lewis 

E. W. Laight. 

James W. Lent 

M. 

James Milnor . • 
D. M'Corruick 
Dennis M'Carthy . 
J. C. Morgan . 
James Mount . 
James M 'Bride 
James Magee . 
Benjamin Marshall . 
Bridge water Meredith 
Mrs. Maura a . 
A. S. Marvin . 
John Masters . 
Andrew Mitchell & Co. 
John A» Moojre 



$25 00 
25 00 
25 00 
25 00 
20 00 
2 00 
20 00 
20 00 
1 00 
10 00 

10 00 
20 00 

5 00 

11 00 
5 00 

10 00 

25 00 

25 00 

25 00 

5 00 

10 00 

10 00 

50 00 

10 CO 

5 CO 

5 00 

1 00 
50 CO 

5 00 
5 00 

2 00 
2 00 
5 00 

1 00 

2 00 
10 00 , 
20 00 



50 00 

30 00 

20 00 

55 00 

2 00 

10 00 

10 00 

10 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

10 00 

5 00 

5 Q& 



DONATIONS- 



Thomas Musgrove . 

E. S. Mott . 

American Museum . 

Dr. M'Niven . 

John M'Gee . 

Archibald M'Jntyre 

Samuel B Mercereau 

John Moran . . . 

George Marrener . 

WilJiam IVIackay, Jun. . 

Mr. Maltbie . 

Mr. Melly 

Frederick Maynard 

Richard Mortimer . 

John B. Montgomery 

T. W. Marshall 

Mills & Dennison • • 

Mr.Maline . . 

Peter A. Mercein • 

A Mechanic's weeks work 

Mr. M'Farlan 

M. S. Mount . 

A Soldier of the American 
Revolution, who signs 
himself Vetus Miles . 

Thomas W. Moore, Esq. 

M. M. by Mr. Allen 

George M'Kay 

M'Carty & Antwerp 

N. 
George Newbold 
R. H. Nevins . 
Nevins Willis & Co 
Dr. John TSeilson 
John L. Norwood 
T. Newbold . 
J. M. Noyes & Co. 
Samuel Nicholson 
Thomas Nigris 
Peter Neefus . 

Ogden Ferguson & Co. 
Charles Oakley 

P. 

J. W. Parkin? 
William Paulding 
N. Prime 
Phelps & Peck 
John I. Palmer 
Joel Post . 



$20 00 
S 00 
15 00 

2 00 
1 00 
5 00 

3 00 
1 00 

1 00 
10 00 

2 00 
500 

3 00 
3 00 
5 00 
1 00 
5 00 

1 00 
5 00 
5 00 

20 00 

2 00 



5 00 


20 00 


10 00 


20 00 


5 00 


50 00 


50 00 


15 00 


10 00 


5 00 


5 00 


3 00 


3 00 


1 00 


1 00 


50 00 


10 00 


100 00 


50 00 


50 00 


60 00 


10 00 


25 00 



A. B. Post 


. $10 00 


John Pintard . 


. 5 00 


L. Pero . 


5 00 


John Pye 


. 5 00 


I. Green Pierson 


. 15 00 


J. & W. Penfold . 


, 10 00 


W. P. Post . 


. 5 06 


P. & P. . 


, 15 00 


P. Perit . 


25 00 


E. K. Prichett 


2 00 


Edmund Pendleton , 


, 20 00 


Wright Post . 


. 5 00 


Daniel Parish . 


. 10 00 


H. Parish 


10 00 


P. F. Phelps . 


. 5 00 


Thompson Price 


. 5 00 


William Post . 


. 1 00 


S. Penny and Sons . 


. 20 00 


G. W. Pomeroy 


10 00 


Mrs. Paddock 


2 00 


John Porter . • 


1 00 


J. & W. F. Phyfe . 


5 00 


Peet & Son . 


. 1 00 


John M. Poor . 


5 00 


Ichabod Price . * 


2 00 


S. Pan coast . 


1 00 


Dr. Pratt 


. 1 00 


I. Paine & Co. 


1 00 


Richard Patten 


5 00 


J. P. Phcenix . 


10 00 


Pierson & Brother . 


10 00 


Henry H. Panton . 


10 00 


Peuguet, brothers . 


10 00 


John R. Peters 


25 00 


It. 




Henry Rutgers . • 


50 0G 


Peter Remsen & Co. 


50 CO 


Richard Riker 


25 CO 


David Rogers . 


25 00 


John Robins . 


10 00 


Rogers, Taylor & William 


s 10 00 


Samuel Redmond . 


5 00 


George Richards . 


5 00 


N. Richards & J. D. Steele 


40 00 


Randolph & Disosways . 


10 00 


H. Rell . 


1 00 


Montgomery Rankin 


3 oe 


C. & S. Roosevelt . 


20 00 


1. 1. Roosevelt, Jun. 


5 00 


E. Riggs 

W. B. Russel . 


5 00 


5 00 


John Rathbone, Jun* 


io oe 



mo 



DONATIONS, 



P. R. Roach 
Luman steed . 
Henry Remsen 
Zebedee Ring . 
John Rooke . 
John I. Rogers 
S R. Rapelye 
John Rankin • 
E. & S. S. Rockwell 
iStephen Reed . 
N. M. Riker . 
Collin Reed . 
R, Roberts 
Morris Robinson 
Widow of Rev. E 



Riggs 



S. 



Benjamin L. Swan 
George B. Strong 
Frederick Sheldon 
Thomas H. Smith 
Robert Sedgwick 
Benjamin Strong 
John Steward, Jun. 
Sands, Spooner & Cc 
T. Suffern 
F. W. Steinbrenner 
William Sigison 
John D. Sloat . 
Shipman & B rower 
Henry D. Sewall 
Willfam Shotwell, Jun. 
J. Suydam 
XJ. Hi Scribner 
I. P. S. & Co. 
F. Salmon 
Skidmore & Wilkins 
W. R. Smith & Co. 
I. W. Stout . 
P. H. Schenck 
William Slosson 
CoUin S. Stone 
Staples & Johnson 
Ebenezer Stevens & Son , 
Nicholas Schureman 
Moses Smith . 
Cornelius Schenck 
3&y\d & Sherman 
William Scott 
R. Stevens 
jM'Neil Seymour 
T. P. Stockton 



#2 00 

25 00 

10 00 

5 00 

5 00 

1 00 

1 00 
5 00 

2 00 
5 00 
1 00 
5 00 
1 00 

10 00 
5 00 



50 00 

50 00 

50 00 

50 00 

40 (JO 

25 00 

5 00 

25 00 

10 00 

10 00 

1 00 

5 00 

5 00 

15 00 

7 00 

20 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

5 00 

10 00 

1 00 
10 00 
25 00 
10 00 

3 00 

2 00 

1 00 

2 00 
2 00 
5 00 
5 00 



Selah Strong . . . $5 00 

J<*hn Steele . . ,. 1 00 

ira Seybolt . . 2 00 

Sp* ar Carleton and Co. • 5 00 

Robert S. Smith . 1 00 

Henry Scott (col'd. man) 2 00 

David Shane . . 2 00 

H«nry Storms . 5 00 

R. Smith . . . 5 00 

H. L & E. S. Sturtevant 2 00 

P. W. Simmons . 1 00 

Spofford, Tileston & Co. . 15 00 

J. G- Stevenson . 5 00 

G. Suckley . . 5 00 

Rusten Suckley . 3 00 

Jonathan St odder, Jun. . 5 00 

J. Seymour . . . 11 25 

William L, Simers . . 10 00 

P. V S in a lette- . . 20 00 
I. R. Stuyve^ant balance 
of expenses in Greece 

returned . . . 20 00 

T. 

Henry Thomas . . 50 00 

Robert Troup . . 30 00 

Mr*. J. Thomson . . 20 00 

Elihu Townsend . . 15 00 

Richard I. Tucker . . 10 0C 

Knowles Taylor . 5 00 

Tredwell, K. & Co. . 5 00 

Samuel M. Thompson . 10 00 

F, A. Tracy . . . 10 00 
Samuel Thompson . 5 00 
Mr. Tappan . , 2 00 
James Taylor . . 5 00 
Mr. Thomas . . . 1 00 
John G. Tardy . . 2 00 
iNajah Taylor . . . 10 00 
D S. Turner . . 1 00 
P. A. & P. W. Thompson 3 GO 
Walter Titus . . . 5 00 
Henry B. Titus . . 5 00 
George Tre dwell . . 5 00 
John Tredwell , 5 00 
Thomas & Smith . . 10 00 
Joseph Truelock , . 3 00 
Tucker & Spring . 6 00 

G. W. Talbot . . . 5 00 
Lincoln Tibbals . ,4 00 
W. Tacgard , 5 00 
Moses Townsend » . 1 0,0 



DONATIONS, 



281 



u& v. 

Kichard Varick . $100 00 

Michael Ulshoeffer . . 25 00 

Miss Verplank . . 20 00 

L. F. Varro . . . 10 00 

Jos. B. Varnum , . 10 00 

F. Vandenburgh . . 20 00 

P. L. Vandervoort . . 5 00 

I. S. Underbill . . 3 U) 

E. & I. Underhill . . 1 00 
Valentine, Pettingill, & Co. 10 00 

F. P. Vidal . . . 1 00 
P. H. Vernon . . . 10 00 
Thomas Van Zandt . 10 00 
Wardell Van Beuren . 3 00 

W. 

E. White . . . 100 00 

Wra. S. Watkins . . 60 00 

S. Ward, jun. . . . 60 00 

Samuel B. Warner . . 3 00 

Augustus Wynkoop . 20 00 

Charles Wilkes . . 30 00 
Chas. Wilkes, as Treasr. 
of the former Greek fund, 

balance paid over . 43 25 

William Wilson . . 10 00 

John Wilson . . . 10 00 

John H. Watson . . 5 00 

Weeks &Cheesman . 5 00 

Waring & Bell . . 5 00 

Wm. Whitlock . . 6 00 

H. Wheeler . . . 8 20 

I. W T ard & Co. . . 5 00 



Henry Ward • 

Eli White 

C. & W. D. Wolfe 

C. P. White . 

I. H. Whitney 

Marcus Wilbur 

I &I. C. Waldron 

Wm. E. Wiimurding 

R. C. Wheeler 

Wittels and Wheeler 

John A. Weeks 

Wood & Van Waggenen 

I. & T. Woodhead . 

Warner. Pratt, & Co. 

Robert D. Weeks . 

A bin H. Van Wyck 

J. H Woodhull . 

Felix M. Walters . 

J. H. Waterbury 

E Wade, jun. 

Mrs. Augustus White 

James Wilson 

John Wheelwright . 

Wm. Whiting 

W. B. Wood . 

E S. Williams 



Moses Young . 
Henry Young . 
Henry Youngs 



. $5 00 


5 00 


. 10 00 


. 20 00 


. 200 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 3 00 


. 1 00 


. 1 00 


. 300 


. 2 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 1 00 


. 5 00 


. 3 00 


. 3 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 3 00 


. 5 00 


. 5 00 


. 1 00 


. 2 00 


. 5 00 


. 2 00 



$7,856 67 



Collections in Churches, Schools, and other Institutions, 

Second Associate Reform'd Ch. Pearl St. Rev. Mr. Monteith $121 09 
Baptist Ch Broome St. Rev. Mr. Murphy 

Presbyterian Ch. in Cedar St 

Eighth Presbyterian Ch. Rev. Mr. Rowan . 

Presbyterian Ch. Market St. Rev. Mr. M 'Murray . 
Congregational Ch. in Chamber St. 
Baptist Ch. in Oliver St- Rev S. H. Cone 
First Baptist Ch. Gold St. Rev. Wm. Parkinson . 
Presbyterian Ch. in Rutgers St. Rev. Thomas. M'Auley 
German Reformed Ch. Christie St. . - • .■ 
Pupils of the v\ ashington Institute, Geo. W. Hall, Principal 
" Smith & Rutherford's School at Greenwich . 
" N. Y. High-School, by Messrs. Gnscom & Barnes 

" Public- School, No. 3 

" Borland and Forrest's School 

m Edward Barry's Seminary .... 

w Mr. Mortimer's School » » 



4 00 
116 33 
57 38 

33 46 

115 00 

110 50 

100 75 

94 45 

6 18 

65 37 

70 00 

90 50 

25 02 
115 00 

32 50 

26 78 



DONATIONS, 



Pupils of Mr. Lockwood's School { ^ |5 00 j 



In a Select Male School 
Proceeds of a Ball at the Park Theatre 

" Bachelors' Ball .... 

New- York Theatre, Bowery, by O. M. Lownds 
Proceeds of a Concert by O, M. Lownds, Treasurer 

John Charraud and Pupils 

Collection at the Gymnasium by Mr. Taub 
Master Stone Cutters' Society by P. & W. Labagh 
From the Stock and Exchange Board Wall St. . 
New- York Typographical Society by A. Chandler 



$45 0w 

11 10 

1,650 00 
406 93 

94 87 
590 93 

51 25 

12 00 
100 00 
100 00 

40 00 



Churches, Societies, &c. 3,291 34 



Donations in Goods collected in the City of New- Yorki 



Ebenezer Allen 

Najah Taylor 

Gallagher & Mason 

Stephen Holt & Son 

E. Dennison 

Maitland, Kennedy & Maitland 

Henry Lowery 

G. H. Mabbit 

Samuel Mott 

John Wiilison 

I. P. Whittlesey 

Robert Gilchrist, & Co. 

Thomas I. Beall 

Moses Field 



Flour. 










2 barrels . . . $10 00 


1 " 






5 00 


7 " 








35 00 


1 " 








6 50 


i " 








3 25 


4 " 








24 00 


1 " 








5 00 


1 " 








5 00 


1 " 








5 00 


1 " 








5 00 


2 " 








10 00 


2 " 








10 00 


2 " 








10 00 


5 « 








35 00 



Bread. 

Jos. Fenno & Thomas Aster, one barrel Navy Bread 



5 00 



I. & G. Brook & Co. 
John Dougherty 
W. F Wheeler 
John Cooper 
I. P. Haff 
Samuel Rosseter 
Jacob Lorillard 



Shoes* $fc. 
20 pair men's shoes 
25 " ladies' " 



12 

15 

1 

24 
58 



boots 
shoes 
" 17 pair boots 



25 00 
25 00 
15 00 
18 75 
3 CO 
30 00 
157 50 



Clothing. 
Samuel Whitemarsh, 12 pair drill trowsers 
U Pegg, one bundle clothing . • 
ftobinson & Booth, some clothiog 



36 00 
10 00 
5 00 



DONATIONS. 



283 



Mr. Hall, two coatees $8 00 

Edward Probyn, I coatee, 1 pair pantaloons, 4 vests . . 12 00 

Doremus & Suydam, 15 vests . . . . . . 22 50 

F. G. Bull, 1 pair panTaloons, 2 sheets, & 2 pieces sheeting 20 00 

John Morrison, 2 pieces cotton stripe . . . . 14 00 

John S. Norwood 4 blankets, 4 sheets, 2 pillows & cases, 1 

counterpane 20 00 

John Colt, 1 bolt of duck ....... 15 00 

Ira Smith & Co. one piece of Flannel* . . . . 10 00 



Hats 

White, Brothers & Co. 1 cas< 
E. & H. Raymond 
Halsey & Moore 
Benedict and Hannah 
Raymond & Taylor 
J. & L. Brewster 
Alexander Cascaden 53 caps 



E. Wheeler, by R. Patten 
Ebenezer Wilson 
Andrew Wilson 
Reuben Churchill 
N. T. Hubb trd 
Wisner& Gale 
George Hawe>, jun. 
D »mel Winship 
Andrew Wheeler 
E. Underhill 
Ruius Prime 
Thomas Gibbons 
Thomas P. Pinkney 
Albert & J. Fisher 
Christian Stambler 
James Van Arsedale 
James Palmer & Son 
R. Mead & Co. 
Bailey & Holmes 
Panton & Hasbrook 



case of Hats 






25 00 


« it 






25 00 


u tt 






25 00 


tt tt 






25 00 


cc cc 






25 00 


it tt 






40 00 


ps . 






50 00 


Provisions. 


1 barrel oi beef ... 8 00 


1 ** " 






5 00 


i <( (< 






5 00 


1 IC it 






5 00 


I it tt 






5 00 


2 " " 






10 00 


I a tt 






5 00 


2 cc cc 






5 00 


J <c cc 






5 00 


J cc tt 






5 00 


\ tt cc 






5 00 


2 " " 






10 00 


1 M u 






5 00 


1 it it 






5 00 


1 it 






3 00 


1 " 






3 00 


3 casks of hams 






50 00 


1 barrel olpork 






7 00 


2 " " 






14 00 


I tt tt 






7 00 



* In one of the boxes of goods sent from New-York, was found a piece of 
flannel, with the following Memorandum : — " Le doone P'ira Smith k. Co- pout 
les malheureux Grecs, 29th Jan 1827 "-"The gift of Ira Smith & Co No, 104 
P*>arl Street, New-Y'-rk More would have been given freely, but the great 
uncertainty of its ever arriving at. its place of destination, (viz. for the relief' of 
the suffering Greeks,) is the reasou why we have not confidence to give more* 
Should it arrive safe, they have our prayers and best wishes for their prospe- 
rity " — This memorandum was taken from the box when opened at Poros, in 
Greece, and it was returned to New York, with the following endorsement ;-~ 
ft This piece of flannel was torn in small pieces, and distributed personally by 
Sir. Stuyvesant, to the distressed women and children in the island of P.eros.** 



%m 


DONATIONS. 






George W. Lee 


1 barrel of pork . 




. 97 00 


Henry F. Powel ] 


n a 


. . 


7 00 


Ralph Mead & Co. 


a a 


. , 


7 00 


Heyer & Black 


a a 


. # 


7 00 


Isaac Schuyler 


I " mutton . 


t • 


5 00 


Henry Mott 1 


U Indian meal 


• • t 


4 50 


James & C. Braine 


[ a u 


, , 


4 50 


Henry & Colt 1 


it a 


• • « 


4 50 


A Widow 


a " and 25 chemises 


18 75 


Vanderbilt & Van Wyck 1 


cask of rice 


. , 


8 00 


James Buchanan 4 *' " 


. 


32 00 



Sundries. 

S. Blackwell, jun. 1 barrel flour, 3 of beef, & 7 Indian meal 50 00 

Smith & Piatt, 1 barrel mackerel, and 1 of smoked meat . 15 00 

Jesse Delano, 3 packing trunks 7 50 



35 00 


30 00 


32 00 


29 75 


25 00 


$1,082 00 


3,291 34 


7,856 67 



Medicines. 
O. & W. Hull, a chest and assortment of medicines 
Messrs. Murray s . . 
Lawrence & Keese, assortment of medicines 
Clarke & Co. " " . 

Messrs. Posts, one barrel salts, and other medicines 

Total in Produce 
Churches, Societies, &c. 
Individual donations 

Total in the City of New- York $12,230 01 

Donations from other parts of the State of New- York. 

Albany. 

Christian Miller $20 00 

A Senator of the New- York Legislature sitting at Albany . 15 00 
From the Inhabitants of Coemans, Albany Co. in dry goods 

and flour 165 00 

Asylum Lodge of Coemans 50 00 

*From the Albany Greek Committee, received at different 

times, and contributed by different parts of the State . 9,494 75 
*From the Albany Committee, 38 boxes, 6 barrels, and 7 
bales of clothing ; 4 tierces, and 3 barrels pease, from va- 
rious parts of the State. Valued at . . ♦ • 5,060 00 



Cayuga Co. 
From C. Whitewood of Kellogsviile . • . . 12 00 

" a person unknown, in East Sempronius . . . 5 00 

* The details of these are not found among the papers of the New- York 
Oreek r Committee.— Ed. 



DONATIONS . 28C 

Columbia Co. 
From Hudson Greek Committee, by Hyatt & Van Hoesen $275 12 
. " " Cash 3 98, and one barrel flour ... 8 9$ 

fl Kinderhook & vicinity by J. Hawley, B. Baldwin, 

and A. Wynkoop 72 GO 

■ e Stuyvesant, by Walter Butler ..... 28 00 
M Chatham School District, cash 21 10 ; and two bales 

goods, and 1 barrel flour by A. S. Peters 64 32 . 85 4% 
li Chatham and Stuyvesant, by Capt. Grining, cash and 

9 barrels flour and pork . . . . , 80 75 

* New-Lebanon, 2 barrels provisions & 1 box clothing, 

by E. Tilden .70 00 

4e Schodack, one box clothing 50 00 

" E. P. Livingston of Clermont 30 0( 

Clinton Co. 

From a few Citizens of Champlain by S. Hubbell * SO 0£ 

Courtland Co. 
From Wm. Randall of Courtland Village 25 Of 

Chatauque Co. 
From the inhabitants of Ripley 28 barrels of flour and 1 of 

pork . . . 150 0C 

Chenango Co. 

From the inhabitants of Guilford by Rufus Baldwin . . 48 25 

Do. do. Mount Upton by George Fenno . 15 00 

Do. do. Bainbridge by I. S. Fitch . . 180 1£ 

From Grand Jury of Chenango Co. . . . 67 00 

Delaware Co. 
From persons in Kortwright . . . . . . 17 CO 

64 inhabitants of Harpersiield, Stumforu, Middletown 
and Kortwright by A. D. Smith. Cash 100 and 

one box of clothing 132 41 232 41 

1 i Amos Douglas of Franklin ..... 1 00 

Dutchess Co. 

From Mrs. Harriet L. Brown of Red-Hook ... 5 0Q 

" Capt. L. Brown 5 00 

" T. Tuckey of Poughkeepsie 5 00 

" A Friend to the cause, Poughkeepsie . , . 10 00 

" John Dubois of Fishkill Landing .... 500 

u Fragment Society of Fishkill by Caroline Van Wickle 8 0C 
u Female Benevolent Society, Fishkill Landing, by the 

Rev. W. S. Heyer 40 00 

la an Anonymous letter from Poughkeepsie . . . 5 00 

Greene Co. 
^lisf Palmer's tSchool, Catskill . • * • • . 11 A(- 

Bb 



286 DONATIONS. 

O Day, collection in Catskill . . . . ♦ . $32 58 

Thomas B. Cooke " ...... 25 00 

Herkimer Co. 

From Russia by Adam Funk 74 33 

" Columbia by Thurston Mabbett . . . . 60 41 

" Norway by Frederick Mason . . . . 7125 

Jefferson Co. 

From a few Citizens of Jefferson Co. by O. Hungerford . 135 55 

" other inhabitants " " . 13 03 

" Leroy by Wm. Palmer 15 00 

" Elisha Camp of Sackett's Harbour 20 barrels flour . 80 00 

Long Island^ including the Counties of Kings, Queens , 
and Suffolk. 

From Jamaica by Eliphalet Wickes 241 43 

6C i Newtown by J. M. Halsey . . 666 75 ) ROft » K 

\ 3 bbls. beef, 41 bush, corn, 1 bbl. flour 40 00 ] " 0Ub '° 

" inhabitants North Hempstead by S. Mitchili . . 210 00 

"* E. Close of Flushing 2 00 

« Students of Erasmus Hall, Flatbush, by J. W. Kellogg 

Principal 100 00 

" Southold by Messrs. Case, Horton and King . . 61 00 
" the Brooklyn Greek Com. by Messrs. Tucker and 
Leavitt, collected in different Towns on Long 

Island* 2,763 07 

" Long Island by Col. Hunt for Greek Com. . . 5 00 

" Students of Union Hall Academy Jamaica . . 32 25 

Livingston Co. 
From Lima, Cash $35 20cts. and sundry clothing, and 

goods forwarded by E. Clarke . . . . 369 54 

" Avon by David Furman 27 00 

" the Ladies of Caledonia clothing . . . 176 75 

Madison Co. 

Pupils of the Poly techny School, Chitteningo . . . 53 00 

From Sullivan Lodge, by Seth Storr . * . ' . . 30 00 

Monroe Co. 

From Rochester by A. Hubbard . . . , . 281 50 

" Joseph White of North Penfield * 3 00 

" South Chili by S. Melancton Smith . . . . 29 00 
" Bissel and liiley, value of a lot sold by them in 

Rochester . , . . . . • . 100 00 

Niagara Co. 

From S. Devaux, Niagara Falls i . . 20 00 

* See particulars in the annexed letter from Messrs. Tucker and Leavitt s 
page 293. 



SONATIONSe 38? 

Oneida Co. 

From Utica, by Nicholas Devereau . a $456 24 

Otsego Co. 

From Freedom Lodjre of Unadilla by R. Wright , . 25 00 

" Town of Hurtwick by Daniel Bee bee . . , 29 8S 

" Gen. Jacob Morris of Butternuts . . . . 30 CO 

Orange Co. 

From Associate Reformed Church, Newburgh . * 60 75 

Peter Roe $5 00 and a friend 25 5 25 

From Cornwall by J. & I. Townsend 1 bale cotton goods . 100 00 

" Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy West Point . 515 00 

Ontario Co. 
From the Ladies of Canandaigua 3 boxes of clothing &c. by 

Wm. Wood . . . . . . . 375 00 

" Geneva by Nicholas Ayrault 17 38 

* West Bloomfield 6 bbls. flour, and 3 pork • • 60 00 

I c Manchester provisions and clothing .... 257 04 

Rensellaer Co. 

From the Female industrious Society of the first Presby- 
terian Church in Troy, 1 box clothing . . 100 00 
« C. B. Prescott, Jno. Burtis, jun. R. A. Still, & T. 

Hazard of Troy . 

" Citizens of Troy by I. V. Schoonhoven 

«* Do. do. ... 

u f Lansingburgh by G. Peebles Cash 531 00 ) 

( clothing and provisions . 200 00 5 • 

II Phcenix Lodge No. 361 Lansingburgh by E. Goss • 
tc Homer Lodge of Schaticoke by W. R. Swift . 
" Eiias Warren of Nassau 

Saratoga Co* 
Inhabitants of Waterford by I. H. Douglas ... 343 50 

Seneca Co. 
From Romulus by J. Sinclair & R. E. Gay . • • 208 88 

Steuben Co. 
From Bath by D. G e < Skinner . . . • * . 100 OG 

Tompkins Co. 
B>ora Eagle Royal Arch Chapter No. 58, Ithaca, by J. B. 

Munn 30 00 

" Ithaca by C. G. Heath . 116 38 



20 00 

869 18 

5 25 


731 00 


25 00 

25 00 

400 



$B8 BONATIOKS. 

Tioga Co. 
Ifrom Presbyterian Church in Owego by EHshaCoit . $19 0© 

Ulster Co. 
From Mrs. H. Radcliff and Boarders at Kingston . , 65 00 

Washington Co. 

Ifrom Salem by Mr H. Matthews 75 48 

*' First Congregational Church and Society in Granville 

by R. S. Kinney 15 CO 

Westchester Co. 

From the Students of Bedford Academy by E. A. Merry . SO 00 
"■ St. Thomas' Church Mamaroneck by Mr. Delancy 

& J. C. Bayley 60 00 

" White Plains Academy by J. M. Smith . . . 50*00 

" William Howe o£Yonkers . 6 00 

I 

Wayne Co. 

From Palmyra by P. Grandin . . . . . . 130 02 

Dolls. 26,965 9! 

Summary for the State of New-York. 
Eaised and collected in the City of Mew-York . . 12,230 01 

" " in other parts of the State . . 26,965 91 

Total in the State of New-York • • . Dolls. 39,195 9£ 



Donation from Connecticut. 
Ftom some of the students of Yale College at New Haven 

by S. B. Staples & C. Van Rensellaer . . 160 00 
" Professor Silliman of Yale College . . . • 6 00 
" James Lanman Chm. Greek Com. of Norwich, Col- 
lection there . 400 00 

« e the first Society in Norwich 85 00 

» Holley & Coffing, Salisbury 30 00 

" inhabitants of Goshen by J. H. Collins . . * . 60 00 

<c I. Sterling, the proceeds of a Sacred Concert, Bridgeport 52 00 

46 the Instructors of the American Asylum at Hartford 40 00 

* « John I. Flournoy student at Hartford ... 5 00 

" the proceeds of a ball at New Haven . • • 60 77 
« Collection in New Haven by Mr. Miller . . .163 61 

*' The Ladies of New Haven a box clothing valued . 150 00 

" "Jewett City Union circle of friends" . . . 23 00 

s< the Ladies of Woodbridge .'•••• 6 15 

" Daniel Wadsworth, subscription in Hartford . . 500 00 
c< Nathaniel Birdseye an aged member Presbyterian 

Church Hartford 3 00 

** A Christian friend Stratford ° o « o 5 00 



DONATIONS. 289 

Frcm Light Infantry band, Concert at New Haven • « $80 00 

" Henry Lines of New Haven a veteran of 72 years . 5 00 

" Asylum Lodge at Stonington . . • . . 50 00 

" Stonington by S. T. Denison 262 25 

'! The Young Ladies of Stonington, cash, clothing and 

provisions 115 15 

" the inhabitants of Durham by Daniel Harrison, cash, 

clothing, and goods 175 36 

f « the First Society of Stafford, Tolland Co. by J. Hyde 90 06 

c * Waterbury by James M. S. Schoville, cash and goods 176 78 

" Goshen by T. Towner 55 00 

*! Brooklyn by Henry Clarke 23 61 

" East Haddam by 1 imothy Greene . . . . 21 00 

U Society of Youths in Hamden by S. Converse . . 8 12 

11 Jesse G. Baldwin of Meriden 10 00 

H Wm. Hill house New Haven 5 pieces cotton goods . SO 00 

M Lisbon one box clothing 60 00 

" Griswold do 60 00 

" Ashford, Young Ladies Greek Com. of the first So- 
ciety a box clothing 66 92 

M First Society in Colchester one box clothing . . 116 61 
" Washington encampment, Knights Templars, Col- 
chester 100 00 

iC Rev. Edward Rutledge, Stamford . . . . 10 00 

Dolls. 3,264 71 

Donations from Neiv-Jersey. 

From Job S. Halsted, of Newtown . . . . . 10 00 

81 an old Soldier of New- Jersey 1 0G 

" Calvin S. Crane, collection in Caldwell . . , 10 00 

" the town of Orange, 6 boxes of clothing . . . 626 31 

u Newark, in clothing , 332 54 

«' Newark, in cash, by A. Goble & A. W. Corey . 1,150 00 
u Professors and Students of Rutgers' College, New- 
Brunswick . . . " . . • 177 00 
u Pupils of Rutgers' College grammar school . . 25 00 
" Smith & Wright's Manufactory, Newark . . 50 00 

u Bergen, by Mr. Newkirk 195 81 

" James M. Halsey of Newtown .... 3 00 

u Mr. Averillof do 5 00 

" Trenton, by Charles Ewing himself, and others • 20 00 

u Inhabitants of New-Brunswick, 154 barrels corn meal 462 00 

§3,067 66 

From Georgia. 

Concert at Milledgeville 95 06 

Collected at the Cirus 84 94 

180 00 

From S. Carolina. 

fc Bithon of Charleston, by Judge Irving , 5 00 

Bb2 



ft&NATtONSt 



From Virginia. 
Samuel Read of Otter Bridge . . . , ', , $20 (K>- 

From Maryland. 
f Fro» the Rev. Ravaud Kearney^ Rector of St. Andrews 

Parish, county of St. Mary 20 00 

From Ohio. 

Jefferson town, Ashtabula county, by Alfred Handy . . 15 00 

Gainesville, 1 box clothing by E. D. Baldwin & I. Troup 119 38 

Ifrem Cleveland, 12 bWs. pork & 8 of flour by N. Sargent 152 00 

286 SS 



From Massachusetts.* 
Ten Ladies of Boston, a barrel of flour each . 
From Springfield 



55 00 

278 28 

333 28 



From Vermont. 

Burlington, by A. Thompson . 
Montpelier, a gold ring and cash 
Fownai, by A. Starkweather 



From Canada. 
4 Gentleman in Canada by R. Sedgwick . 
Members of Parliament, U. C. by J. C. Morgan 
St. Catherine's, U, C. by George Adams • 



136 70 



192 24 



Total from other States $739 60 

Summary of the Whole. 

Individual Donations in the City of New- York §7,856 67 

Collections in Churches, Schools, &c. do. do. 3,2$1 34 

Donations in produce and goods, do. do. 1,082 00 

Donations from other parts of the State of do. 26,965 91 

Ponations from the State of Connecticut, 3,264 71 

do. do. New-Jersey 3,067 66 

doo other States 793 32 

Total »46,321 ? 
* The Coniffibutions from Massachusetts, except the above, were collec"' 1 
II Boston, and sent from there in the Brig Statesman^ 



C 2M )- 



DONATIONS. 

The following letters show with what spirit the 
donations were contributed, and trie feelings of re- 
ciprocation by the Greek Committee. 

To Lynde Catlin, Esq. 
Chairman of the Executive Greek Committee. 

Neia-York, 11 th February, 1827, 

Sir,— I send you the following extract of a letter 
which I have received from a gentleman in Boston* 
"If a vessel should sail from New -York with 
provisions for the Greeks, I wish some one would 
put on board 10 barrels of flour, for which I will 
pay immediately on knowing the cost. Now I 
shall rely on your seeing that this commission is 
executed ; for the request comes from ten ladies ; 
who wish to send a barrel a-pieee to feed the hun- 
gry and relieve the oppressed. 5 ' 

Messrs. De Forest and Son have kindly offered 
i to put the ten barrels spoken of on board without 
delay, 

Yours respectfully, 

J. C. BR1GHAM, 
•Assist. Sec. Arner. Bib. Soc, 

U. S. Military Academy, West Point, Feb. 21, 1827. 

Sir, — Enclosed you will receive a check for 
$515, which sum was collected by us, a committee 
appointed by the corps of Cadets, to obtain sub- 
scriptions for the relief of the Greeks. Sympathis- 
ing as much as we do for the sufferings of that gal- 
nt people, our charity has been limited alone by 



293 DONATIONS. 

our circumstances. Such as it is, we place it at 
your disposal, with the hope that it may be speedily 
and profitably invested for their benefit. 
We are, with high consideration, 

Your obedient servants, 
J. A. J. BRADFORD, of Ky. 1 * 
G. W.HUGHES, of N. Y. I S 
W B. GUION, of Miss. >| 

ROBT. E. TEMPLE, of Vt. § 
CHARLES MASON, of N. Y.JO 
To Stephen Allen, Esq. 

Chairman, Greek Committee, New-York. 

Colchester, Conn., February 28, 1827. 

Dear Sir, — A number of the citizens of the 1st 
Society, in Colchester, Conn, sympathising with 
the distressed Greeks, and being desirous of con- 
tributing to their pecuniary wants, have, by sub- 
scription, collected a small box of clothing, clothe 
&c. for their benefit, which we take the liberty to 
transmit to you, with a request that it may be for- 
warded to Greece, by the first conveyance. An 
invoice of the articles contained in said box, the 
value amounting to $116 61, estimated by a disin- 
terested committee, is enclosed. We regret that 
it is not in our power to forward an amount com- 
mensurate with the importance of this benevolent 
object, and the dignified charity which appears to 
be animating the citizens of our sister states in be- 
half of the oppressed and suffering Greeks. 
In behalf of the Greek Committee 

Of the 1st Society in Colchester, Conn. 

I am, very respectfully, yours, 

JOHN TURNER, Ch'n- 
Stephen Allen, Esq. 

Chairman of the Greek Committee, JV*. Y 



DONATIONS* 39& 



Lmringhurgh, Marah 6, 1827. 

Dear Sir,— As Chairman of a Committee ap« 
pointed by a public meeting of the inhabitants of 
this village, to call into action their sympathies for 
the suffering Greeks, I have great pleasure in an- 
nouncing a collection^ in money, to the amount of 
$531, besides some small donations in provisions, 
&c. &c. The monej, in a draft on the City Bank 
of New- York, is herewith enclosed, and the other 
articles will be forwarded to the Executive Com- 
mittee in New-York, on the opening of the naviga- 
tion. 

It may not be improper to add, for we deem it 
highly creditable to the character of the people 
here, that their contributions were made up in less 
than two days from the time their Committee en- 
tered upon the duties assigned them. Our best 
wishes accompany them, with a fervent prayer, that 
the good intended may be fully realized, and the 
Greeks come speedily into the enjoyment of liberty 
and independence. 

I am, very respectfully, 

Dear sir, your ob't. servant, 

GERRIT PEEBLES. 

To Lyndb Catlin, Esq. 

Brooklyn, L. L l£ffi March, 182?. 

Sir, — The inhabitants of the town of Brooklyn 
participating largely in the general sympathy for the 
sufferings of the oppressed and destitute Greeks, 
held a public meeting on the 16th January last; 
and appointed a Committee to receive contributions 
for their relief; and to invite the inhabitants of 
other towns on Long Island to co-operate in this 
work of benevolence. 



294 



DONATIONS. 



The result of their exertions enables us to trans- 
mit, herewith, as the donation of Long Island, a 
check on the Long Island Bank, for #2,675. 

An order on Mr. Robert Speir for five barrels 
of navy bread. 

An order on Mr. William Thompson, waterman, 
for a supply of water to the vessel or vessels taken 
up for the purpose of conveying food and clothing 
to the Greeks. 

An order on Mr. James Titus, butcher, for a 
barrel of beef. 

A quantity of ready-made linen ; and a package 
of dry goods. 

Collected in the following towns, viz. 



In Brooklyn, 


Cash 
5 bbls. navy bread, 
A supply of water to 

ships, 
1 barrel of beef, 
A quantity of ready- 
made linen, 
A package of dry- 
goods. 


1857 7© 


Flatlands, 


Cash 


50 75 


Graves End, 


do 


70 00 


Flat Bush, 


do 


167 12 


Oyster Bay, 


do 


10 00 


South Hampton, do 


83 50 


East Hampton, 


do 


142 26 


West Hampton 


i> do 


30 6 


Sag Harbour, 


do 


78 00 


Bridge Hampton, do 


98 63 


Setaulket, 


do 


31 00 


River Head s 


do 


68 1$ 



DONATIONS. 29d 



Smith Town, do 
Islip, do 


7 00 
5 00 


Deduct for printing, postage, &c. 


2699 26 
24 26 


Amount of check, $2675 00 
By order of the Executive 

Committee of Brooklyn, 

FANNING C. TUCKER, 
DAVID LEAVITT. 
To Lynde Catlin, Esq. 
Chairman of the Executive Committee, New- York. 



Cherry Valley, Wlh December, 1827. 

Gentlemen,— A few inhabitants of this village 
casually assembled this evening, in talking over the 
cheering news of the destruction of the Turkish 
fleet in the harbour of Navarino, formed themselves 
into a meeting, by choosing a Chairman and Secre- 
tary, and appointing the undersigned a Committee 
to address you on the subject of the glorious, and 
now hopeful struggle of Greece for independence ; 
and to inform you that, should you deem it expe* 
dient to make further etforts in the cause of huma- 
nity, and send out to that devoted country another 
ship freighted with supplies of provisions, you can 
draw on A. St. John, Cashier of the Central Bank, 
and one of the Committee, for §150. The sum is 
small ; but the pittance will, it is hoped, be attended 
with the blessing promised the donation of the 
cheerful giver. Your draft on him for the amount 
will be honoured at sight. Accept the felicitations 
of the undersigned on the heart-cheering prospect 
that the sufferings of that gallant people are fast 
approaching a close ; and their prayers that the 



t94> DONATIONS. 

classic soil of Greece may soon cease to be stained 
fey the bloody footsteps of infidel and relentless 
tyrants. 

With great respect, 

Your obedient servant, 

LEVI BEARDSLEY, Ctfti. 
To the Chairman and Secretary 

of the Greek Committee, New* York. 



To the Scholars of Messrs. Borland and Forest's 
School, New- York. 

Young Gentlemen,— The Committee for the 
relief of the Greeks have the greatest pleasure in 
acknowledging your very acceptable contribution. 

Your generous spirit gives to your fellow citizens 
a gratifying assurance of your continuing to emu- 
late the glorious examples of self-devotion your 
Committee so fitly mention. The appropriation of 
your means of amusement to the relief of suffering 
humanity is worthy of all imitation. You have thus 
connected yourselves most honourably with a cause 
of the greatest interest in Christendom, and you will 
surely reflect on this act with ever increasing satis- 
faction. 

As parents, this Committee would exhort you to 
cherish the generosity of temper which has thus 
brought you before your fellow citizens, and to re- 
member that no true greatness in public, nor en- 
dearing excellence in private life, can ever be at- 
tained without it. It is the very soul of that high 
ambition, which ever aims to be most eminently 
useful in promoting the welfare and happiness of 
the whole human race. 

Uniting with yourselves in the wishes that ani- 
mate you in the cause of the suffering Greeks, and 
acknowledging as this Committee does the very 



DONATIONS. 297 

handsome manner with which your Committee have 
fulfilled the duty assigned them, this Committee re- 
new their pledge of faithful application of your gift 
to the interesting objects of your gratitude and 
commiseration. 

By order of the Committee, 

STEPHEN ALLEN. 



To the Students of Union Hall Academy, at Jamaica, 
Long-Island. 

Young Gentlemen,- — The Greek Committee oi 
the City of New- York, have the pleasure to ac- 
knowledge the receipt of your very generous dona- 
tion for the relief of that distressed people. 

By the appropriation of your private funds to this 
benevolent object, rather than apply them to the 
purposes of your amusement, you have performed 
an act worthy of all praise, and associated your- 
selves with a cause of increasing interest and im- 
portance, not only to the Christian world in general, 
but to all the friends of liberal principles in par- 
ticular. 

The Committee have viewed this pledge of your 
disposition to do good, as a proof of your future 
usefulness in the several stations you may hereafter 
be called to fill, and they sincerely hope, that the 
generous sentiment which has prompted your 
young minds to the performance of this noble act 
so honourable to yourselves, so reputable to the 
respectable principal and teachers of your aca- 
demy, and so grateful to all your connections, as 
well as to this Committee, may continue to be che^ 
rished "by all of you during life. 

With our best wishes that your health may be 
preserved, your studies completed, and the anxiou? 
hopes of your parents and friends realized, I have 
C c 



2$S DONATIONS. 

the honour to subscribe myself, in behalf of the 
Committee, your friend, 

And humble servant, 

STEPHEN ALLEN, CVn. 



To James «#. J. Bradford, Geo. W. Hughes, Walter 
J5. Guion, Robert E. Temple, and Charles Mason* 
Esqrs. a Committee of the corps of Cadets at the 
United States Academy, West Pomt. 

New-York, Feb. 24, 1827. 

Gentlemen, — It is with the purest satisfaction 
that I have the honour of acknowledging the receipt 
of your munificent donation of five hundred and 
fifteen dollars, collected by you, as a committee 
appointed by the corps of Cadets, for the relief of 
the Greeks. 

The important studies you are prosecuting, con- 
sidered in a national point of view, together with 
the fact of your coming from several different states 
in this union, gives to this transaction a greater de- 
gree of interest than it otherwise would, inasmuch 
as it furnishes additional evidence, that the study of 
the art and science of war is by no means incom- 
patible with the softer sensations of pity and com- 
passion for the distressed ; and that this amiable 
quality of the mind is not confined to any one sec- 
tion of our country, but equally pervades the whole. 

By appropriating your private funds to the relief 
of these heroic but suffering people, you have per- 
formed an act that will ever redound to your ho- 
nour, and ultimately to the advantage of objects 
worthy of your commiseration ; and you may re- 
flect on it with pride, and so it will be viewed, as 
connected with a cause in some respects similar to 
that in which our fathers bled and died, in order to 
secure to us the inestimable boon of freedom and 
independence, the preservation of which, it may be 



DONATIONS, 299 

your peculiar province to preserve sacred and un- 
defiled. 

Be pleased to convey to your colleagues in this 
beneficent transaction, the sincere and unfeigned 
thanks of the Committee, of whom I have the ho- 
nour to be the chairman, and assure them, that no 
care or exertions shall be spared on our part to 
have the proceeds of this liberal charity properly 
invested ; and as speedily and as safely conveyed 
to the shores of Greece as time and circumstances 
will permit. 

Accept, Gentlemen, 

My most respectful consideration, 

STEPHEN ALLEN. 



Rev. William S. Heyer, Fishkill- Landing, JV*. I. 

Rev. Sir, — I have the honour to acknowledge 
the receipt of your very interesting letter of the 
12th instant, together with the donation of 40 dol- 
lars from the Female Benevolent Society of your 
congregation, for the relief of the suffering inhabit- 
ants of Greece. 

In the progress of our duty as a Committee, we 
have had frequent occasion to notice with appro- 
bation, the honourable feelings of sympathy which 
this subject had excited in all classes of our fellow- 
citizens, and there is no portion of them so much 
entitled to our respect and admiration as the females 
of our highly favoured land ; for we have found in 
every instance, that the extent of the relief afforded 
by them has only been limited by their ability to 
perform and to give. 

In the present instance the Committee feel great 
pleasure in recording this additional proof of the 
benevolent and philanthropic disposition of their fair 



300 DONATIONS* 

countrywomen ; and they beg that yoti will assure 
them, that the liberal donation they have intrusted 
them with shall be invested with the utmost econo- 
my, in articles of food and raiment for the distressed 
wives and children, and the aged sires, of the heroic 
Greeks, who are contending tor civil and religious 
liberty, against a foe who is equally the enemy of 
God and man. 

With unfeigned respect, 

I am your obedient servant, 

STEPHEN ALLEN, 



C. L. Hardenburgh, Esq. Chairman of the 
Committee of New-Brunswick, N. J. 

March 2, 1827. 

Sir, — I have the honour of acknowledging the 
receipt of your letter of the 27th ultimo, announcing 
the noble and magnanimous donation of your citi- 
zens, of 154 barrels of corn- meal for the use of the 
suffering Greeks. The Committee of this City feel 
very grateful for this addition to the means they 
have been furnished with by the benevolent, for the 
relief of the interesting inhabitants of Greece, and 
they have instructed me, to tender to the donors of 
this munificent gift their unfeigned thanks. Be 
assured, Sir, that every exertion will be made by 
this Committee to transmit, without delay, this 
necessary article to the shores of Greece ; and from 
the precautions we have taken, both in the means 
of conveyance and the persons intrusted with the 
delivery and distribution of the articles, we have 
every reason to anticipate its safe arrival, and ulti- 
mately the production of much good to the objects 
of our commiseration. 

With great respect, I am 

Your humble servant, 

STEPHEN ALLEN 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS] 




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